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Agromorphological Characterization of Introgression Lines Derived from Wild and Exotic Sorghum Germplasm to Climate Change Challenges

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第10期12卷 1129-1149页

作者： ouin.yam colette ouédraogo Nerbéwendé Sawadogo Eva Weltzien Baloua Nebie Fred Rattunde Aboubacar Touré Ibrahima Sissoko Mahamadou Sawadogo Equipe Génétique et Amélioration des Plantes Laboratoire Biosciences Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Bamako Mali University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is vitally important for food security in semi-arid West Africa. The introgression of wild- and high transpiration efficiency genotypes may contribute genes for abiotic stress tolerance or novel traits. Characterizing the introgressed lines can help researchers in the process of varietal improvement. The objectives of this study are (i) To learn if introgression of wild sorghum (CWR) and high transpiration efficiency (HTE) lines into a very early maturing (photoperiod insensitive) local land-race variety can create useful variation for grain yield in drought-prone Sahelian environments, (ii) To determine if grain yield advantages (and putative drought tolerance traits) obtained from introgression of CWR and HTE germplasm are expressed differently in moderately to highly moisture-limited environments, and (iii) To understand the relationship between putative drought tolerance traits. These populations were developed from crosses between the CSM63E (Jakumbe, a high grains quality variety) and two wild parents (accessions) and five high transpiration efficiency (TE) sorghum accessions. Phenotyping was conducted using an alpha lattice design with three replications in two environments for agronomic traits (grain yield and components), flowering time and physiological traits (stay-green, chlorophyll content and lodging). A total of 669 BC1F5 progenies were developed. Genetic variation for grain yield and putative drought tolerant traits were evaluated. Both populations derived from wild parents exhibited in Cinzana a grain yield (>300 g/m2) greater than CSM63E (245 g/m2). In Bema, more than 75% of the progenies of all populations indicated a chlorophyll content at physiological maturity (>30 SPAD) higher than CSM63E (20 SPAD) chlorophyll content. The estimated broad sense heritability was generally high (≥0.50) for all traits. The results also showed a very significant interaction between genotype and e

关键词： Sorghum Transpiration Drought Variability Climate Change

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Dietary Calcium Intake and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Southern Benin in 2014

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 945-954页

作者： Victoire Damienne Agueh Madeleine Flore Tugoué Charles Sossa Clémence Métonnou colette Azandjemè Noel Moussiliou Paraiso Marius-Edgard ouendo Laurent T. ouédraogo Michel Makoutodé Regional Institute of Public Health (IRSP) of ouidah Ouidah Benin Ministry of Health Yaoundé Cameroon

Hypertensive and its complications during pregnancy are closely linked to maternal mortality and morbidity. Sufficient calcium intake during pregnancy reduces the risk of hypertensive disorders. The objective is to determine dietary calcium intake and associated factors in pregnant women in southern Benin. This cross-sectional study included 176 pregnant women selected by random cluster sampling. Calcium intake was determined from two non-consecutive 24 hours dietary recalls. Demographic and socioeconomic factors were collected from individual interviews. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with calcium intake controlling for energy intake. The mean daily calcium intake was 561.69 ± 183.02 mg and the median intake was 560.74 mg per day. The percentage of pregnant women with low calcium intake was 94.60%. The women in the lower economic status tercile (OR = 0.520 95% CI 0.415 - 0.653) were less likely to have calcium intakes above the median compared to the upper tercile of economic status. Women with secondary or more education level (OR = 1.961 95% CI 1.505 - 2.555) showed a higher odd ratio to have dietary calcium intake above the median value compared to those with no schooling. Low calcium intake was widespread among pregnant women. Calcium supplements and interventions to promote optimal nutrition in pregnant women are needed to protect them from low calcium intake consequences.

关键词： Calcium Dietary Intake Pregnancy Benin

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Determination of the Optimal Waist Circumference Cut-Off Points in Benin Adults

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2015年第4期5卷 217-228页

作者： Victoire Damienne Agueh Charles Sossa Dona Marius-Edgard ouendo Noel M. Paraizo colette Azandjemè Alphonse Kpozehouen Clémence Metonnou Jacques Saizonou Laurent T. ouédraogo Michel Makoutodé Hélène Delisle Institut Régional de Santé Publique (IRSP) de ouidah Cotonou Bénin TRANSNUT Centre Collaborateur OMS sur la transition nutritionnelle et le développement Département de Nutrition Faculté of Médecine Université de Montréal Montréal Canada

Obesity is an independent risk factor for chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers. Early detection of abdominal obesity followed by appropriate interventions will prevent associated diseases. The objective was to determine optimal waist circumference (WC) cut-off points predictive of at least one other component of metabolic syndrome in Benin adults. This longitudinal and observational study included at the baseline 541 apparently healthy subjects aged 25 - 60 years randomly selected in the largest city of Cotonou (n = 200), the smaller-size city of ouidah (n = 171) and rural surroundings of ouidah (n = 170) in Benin. Components of the metabolic syndrome considered along with abdominal obesity were high blood pressure, high fasting glycaemia, low HDL-cholesterol and high triglycerides as defined by the Joint Interim Statement. After the baseline survey, the subjects were followed-up for four years. Complete data at baseline and four years later were available in 416 subjects. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for waist circumference to predict at least one other component of the metabolic syndrome was plotted and the Youden index was used to define the optimal cut-offs of WC. At the baseline of the study, the optimal WC cut-off point to predict the presence of at least one other component of the metabolic syndrome was 80 cm for men (sensitivity = 0.62, specificity = 0.65);the area under the ROC curve was 0.67 (IC 95%: 0.61-0.74). In women, the optimal WC cut-off point was 90 cm (sensitivity = 0.54, specificity = 0.80), and the area under the ROC curve was 0.68 (IC 95%: 0.62-0.75). These optimal cut-offs were similar four years later. Optimum WC cut-off points for both men and women in Benin differ from those currently recommended for sub-Saharan Africans. Therefore, waist circumference cut-off points for abdominal obesity need to be reconsidered for these populations.

关键词： Waist Circumference Cut-Offs Cardiometabolic Risk Benin

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