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Cholera Recurrence within Benin Littoral County: Analysis of Epidemics from 2008, 2016 to 2023

Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 353-365页

作者： Mongbo Virginie Avahoun Valentin Agbomakouzo Evariste Sopoh Ghislain Aguemon Badirou ouendo edgard-marius Regional Institute of Public Health Ministry of Public health of Benin Cotonou B&#233ninBenin Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin

Introduction: Cholera is an acute diarrheal infection caused by the bacillus Vibrio cholerae, which can be fatal in a few hours if left untreated. It rages in endemic-epidemic mode in several countries, including Benin. Despite being the economic capital, the largest city in Benin and the most urbanized municipality in the country, the Littoral County, confounded with the city of Cotonou, is subject to recurrent epidemics. This paper aims to analyze successive cholera epidemics with a view of highlighting the factors contributing to this recurrence. Methods: A secondary analysis was done of the cholera-related databases of the County health office from 2016 to 2023, and its Situation Report No. 79 of December 7th, 2016, to describe the 2016 epidemic. Database data were analyzed in Excel. Results: Similarly to 2008, the 2016 cholera epidemic in Cotonou, which recorded 519 cases and 07 deaths, i.e. a case-fatality rate of 1.35%, spread to the town and six neighboring municipalities. The municipality of So-Ava, home to the index case, had the highest overall attack rate. The two epidemics share the same period of severity. Both epidemic and endemic cases are concentrated in the first seven boroughs of Cotonou, located on the lagoon shore, with low levels of hygiene and sanitation and a poor supply of drinking water. Conclusion: Low levels of hygiene, sanitation and drinking water supply all play a part in the recurrence of cholera epidemics. Sanitation work. Undertaken by the Beninese government is a ray of hope for improving this situation. Meanwhile, public awareness of hygiene measures must continue.

关键词： Recurrence Cholera Cotonou

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Factors Associated with Pregnancy Outcomes in Hypertensive Pregnant Women in a District Hospital in Benin

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第4期11卷 420-432页

作者： Saizonou Jacques Glele-Ahanhanzo Yolaine Kpozehouen Alphonse Tawo Mondoukpè ouendo edgard-marius Department of Policies and Health Systems Public Health Regional Institute Ouidah Benin Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Public Health Regional Institute Ouidah Benin

Introduction: Hypertension is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study aims at exploring the outcomes of pregnancy and associated factors in hypertensive pregnant women in Comè district hospital from 2014 to 2016. Methods: This is a retrospective, analytical study carried out in June 2016, involving a total of 345 hypertensive patients. Socio-demographic and medical features, including pregnancy and foetal outcomes parameters, were recorded in the case files. Top-down stepwise logistic regression was performed at the 5% threshold. Results: The frequency of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy was estimated at 7.32% and unfavourable outcomes at 35.65%. The adverse maternal outcomes recorded were postpartum death and haemorrhage whereas adverse foetal issues were prematurity, low birth weight, low Apgar scores, stillbirth and death. Factors statistically associated with pregnancy outcome were paucigravida (OR = 2.01 ([1.05 - 3.88]), p = 0.035), history of stillbirth (OR = 4.75 ([1.01 - 22.1]), p = 0.048) and anticonvulsant therapy (OR = 0.32 ([0.19 - 0.54]), p Conclusion: Adequate monitoring via Antenatal Care (ANC) check-ups, timely recourse to care and an effective communication strategy should reduce hypertensive disorders incidence and adverse outcomes in pregnant women.

关键词： Hypertensive Disorders Pregnancy Outcome Risk Factors Benin

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Effect of the Implementation of Emonc in the Reduction of Maternal Deaths in the Department of Collines from 2018 to 2022

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第2期14卷 259-266页

作者： Joachim Aifa Florence Abraham Roger Klikpezo edgard-marius ouendo Badirou Aguemon Faculty of Health Sciences of Cotonou Department of Public Health Cotonou Benin Nursing and Midwifery Training Institute University of Parakou Parakou Benin Assistant in Gynecology-Obstetrics FM-University of Parakou Parakou Benin Full Professor of Public Health and Epidemiology Ouidah Regional Institute of Public Health Ouidah Benin Full Professor of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences of Cotonou Cotonou Benin

Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality remains a public health problem in Benin. Each year, approximately 1500 maternal deaths and more than 12,000 newborn deaths are recorded there. In order to correct the situation, strategies such as the implementation of Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (EmONC) were initiated. Objective: Determine the rates of maternal deaths in EmONC centers in the Collines department from 2018 to 2022. Framework and Methods: The study took place in Benin precisely in the Collines department. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data collection was carried out during the first two weeks of January 2023 and covered data from the 09 Basic Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care centers (BEMONC) and the Obstetric and Neonatal Care centers of Complete Emergency (CEmONC) of the Collines department from 2018 to 2022. An estimate of the ratios of maternal deaths occurring at the level of the EmONC centers of the Collines department from 2018-2022 was carried out followed by constructive suggestions. Results: During the five years (2018 to 2022), the Collines department recorded 42,582 live births with 148 maternal deaths, i.e. a ratio of 348 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Between 2018 and 2022, the highest maternal death ratio was recorded in 2019, i.e. 425 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births for all EmONC centers and 607 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in EmONC centers. The highest maternal death ratio at the BEmONC center level was recorded in 2020, i.e. 129 maternal deaths per 100,000 births. Conclusion: These results suggest that despite the implementation of EmONC in the Collines department, maternal deaths have not decreased. To improve these outcomes for a reduction in maternal deaths, urgent action must be taken.

关键词： Effect BEmONC CEmONC Maternal deaths Department of Collines

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Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Aged 0 - 5 Years in the Yénawa District of Cotonou (Benin) in 2023

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第2期14卷 331-342页

作者： Virginie Mongbo Luc Béhanzin Lamidhi Salami Nicolas Hamondji Amegan edgard-marius ouendo Department of Policies and Health Systems Regional Institute of Public Health of Ouidah University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin School of public Health University of Parakou Parakou Benin Doctoral school of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Public Health School University of Montreal Quebec Canada

Introduction: Acute respiratory infections remain one of the main causes of mortality in children aged 0 to 5. This work aimed to study the associated factors with the occurrence of acute respiratory infections in children 0 to 5 years old in Yénawa, Cotonou in 2023. Subjects and Method: It was an analytical cross-sectional study of children aged 0 - 5 years and their mothers in Yénawa, selected by four-degree random sampling. The sampling size, calculated using the Schwartz formula, was 126 children and 126 mothers. The dependent variable was the occurrence of acute respiratory infections. The independent variables were classified into four groups: socio-demographic and economic characteristics, behavioral factors, child-related factors, and environmental factors. Data collected by observation and questionnaire survey were analyzed using STATA version 15 software. Associated factors were investigated by bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression, at the 5% significance level. Results: A total of 126 children aged 0 - 5 years and 126 mothers were surveyed, aged 23.5 (11 - 36) months and 30 (18 - 48) years respectively. The prevalence of acute respiratory infections was 74.60% (CI95% = 66.89 to 82.30). The associated factors were the mother’s age between 18 and 28 (OR = 10.77;CI95% = 1.89 to 61.27;p = 0.007), the use of charcoal/wood for cooking (OR = 7.36;IC = 1.99 to 27.10;p = 0.003)), children's poor personal hygiene (OR = 8.87;IC = 2.92 to 26.97;p 0.001)), and cohabitation with domestic animals (OR = 7.27;IC = 1.67 to 31.71;p = 0.015). Conclusion: Communicating with mothers about the factors identified will help reduce the prevalence of acute respiratory infections in children aged 0 to 5.

关键词： Acute Respiratory Infections Children Aged 0 - 5 Associated Factors Yénawa Benin

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Hand Hygiene Compliance in the Prevention of Nosocomial Infections in the Neonatal Unit of the National University Teaching Hospital of Cotonou

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第4期7卷 282-288页

作者： Marcelline d’Almeida Lehila Bagnan Silé Souam Nguele Edwige Djagoun edgard marius ouendo Blaise Ayivi Nicole Bouali Rouvinez Neonatal Unit Department of Mother and Child National University Teaching Hospital Cotonou Benin Pediatric Unit Mother and Child Hospital Ndjamena Chad Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada

Objective: Despite the presence of hand washing material and the training given to medical staff regarding hygiene measures and health care procedures in October 2015, the prevalence of nosocomial infections in the neonatal unit of the National University Teaching Hospital of Cotonou (CNHU-Cotonou) was estimated at 8% in January 2016. To determine the factors that contribute to these infections, this study assessed medical staff compliance with hand hygiene measures and procedures. Method: This research was a cross-sectional and observational study conducted from February 15 to March 31, 2016 through direct and cautious observation of 47 members of the medical and paramedical staff. The study variables were hand washing before entering the neonatal unit and before entering each treatment room, hand washing before and after seeing each patient, compliance with hand washing steps, the use of hydroalcoholic solutions and adhering to the ban on mobile phone use inside the treatment room. Results: Only 15% of the medical staff followed all of the rules and measures governing hand hygiene. The result showed that 76.6% of them did not wash their hands before entering the unit;32% washed their hands before each care session;95.7% washed their hands after each care session;and 85% did not comply with the hand washing steps. Only 21.3% of the personnel used hydroalcoholic solution, and only 85% of the personnel adhered to the ban on mobile phone use within the treatment room. Conclusion: Compliance with hand hygiene measures is insufficient. These low compliance rates facilitate the occurrence of nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections could be prevented by identifying the reasons that medical personnel do not wash their hands and by implementing a program for education/awareness on hygiene measures based on an analysis of errors and care procedures and sustained by regular evaluations.

关键词： Hand Washing Nosocomial Infection Neonatal Unit Cotonou Benin

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Risk Factors among Adolescents and Youth in Secondary School in 2018, Commune of Covè, Benin

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第3期11卷 326-347页

作者： Barikissou Georgia Damien Badirou Aguemon Cyriaque Degbey Styline Agbazahou Sètondji Géraud Roméo Padonou marius edgard ouendo Population and Health Research Unit Center for Training and Research for Population University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin University Hospital Hygiene Clinic of National University Hospital Center Hubert Koutoukou MAGA Cotonou Benin

Background: Hepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B infection in adolescents and youth attending secondary school in Covè, urban area in Benin. Methods: From 4th to 10th February 2018, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among adolescents and youth aged 15 to 24 years old. Subjects were randomly selected. Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia (HBsAg) was assayed in blood using rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Two hundred adolescents and youth were recruited. The seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection was 18.50%. According to the multivariate logistic regression model, being infected by hepatitis B was 4.32 times higher in the age group of 15 - 19 years old than in 20 - 24 years age group (PR = 4.32 95% CI [1.51 - 12.34], p = 0.0063). Similarly, students who had not been aware of hepatitis B were more infected than those who were sensitized (PR = 14.60 [95% CI 4.98 - 4.27], p = 0.0001). With regard to lifestyle, individuals with tattoos or piercings were 8.60 times more likely to have been infected by HBV than those without tattoos or piercings, (PR = 8.60;95% CI [3.41 - 21.70], p Conclusion: The seroprevalence of hepatitis B among adolescents and youth attending secondary school was high. Regular screening of HVB infection status should be included in school health services in Benin. Awareness campaigns and health education on HVB transmission and prevention should be promoted and strengthened.

关键词： Hepatitis B Virus Adolescents and Youth Benin

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Knowledge, Practices, and Environmental and Occupational Health Risks Associated with Electronic Waste Recycling in Cotonou, Benin

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2021年第2期9卷 33-48页

作者： M. G. Karel Houessionon Niladri Basu Catherine Bouland N. marius Kedote Benjamin Fayomi N. Julius Fobil edgard-marius ouendo Regional Institute of Public Health Comlan Alfred Quenum University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada School of Public Health Université Libre de Brussels Bruxelles Belgium Occupationnal Health and Environment Research Unit University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin School of Public Health University of Ghana Accra Ghana

Objective: The e-waste recycling is increasing worldwide, yet there remain outstanding environmental and occupational health concerns. Most research conducted on e-waste recycling has focused on only few countries (e.g., China, Ghana), thus there is a need to increase understanding of e-waste workers’ (recyclers’) knowledge and practices in other locations, that is purpose of this study. Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted in Cotonou, Benin, 45 e-waste recyclers were interviewed from September to November 2018. Survey data was collected concerning their demographics, professional practices, and knowledge of occupational and environmental risks associated with e-waste recycling. Results: Most participants reported the following methods of material recovery of electronic items in declining orders: dismantling (97.8%) > sorting (91.1%) > incinerating (88.9%). Only 44.2% of the recyclers reported wearing ≥ 1 piece of personal protective equipment (PPE). More than 90% of e-waste workers noted that they disposed the e-waste in natural sites. About half, 46.7% believed that e-waste can pollute water and 71.1% considered that it can pollute air and soil. Recyclers reported several diseases including respiratory (67.4%), heart (62.8%), eye (65.1%), kidney (41.9%) and cancers (30.2%) could be linked to their work, respectively. Interestingly, we also found associations between the number of electronic items dismantled per month and self-report symptoms from the e-waste recyclers such as finding blood in urine and stool, wounds, dizziness, and itchy skin. Our results also indicated associations between the number of hours worked per day and blood in urine, dizziness, itchy skin and airway obstruction. Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the first study to interview e-waste workers in Benin. Doing this increase understanding of their work practices and knowledge to help inform intervention and preven

关键词： E-Waste Recycling Occupational Health Environment Knowledge Practice

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Is There an Association between the Type of Activities and Respiratory Disorders among e-Waste Workers? Case of Two Major Cities in West Africa

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2022年第2期10卷 78-90页

作者： Parfait Houngbégnon marius Kêdoté Eloïc Atindégla Fadel Tanimomon Alphonse Kpozéhouen Jérôme Sossa Joaquin Darboux edgard-marius ouendo Julius Fobil Institut Regional de Sante Publique Comlan Alfred Quenum University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin Abomey-Calavi Bénin School of Public Health University of Ghana Accra Ghana

Background: Several studies have demonstrated that e-waste workers had a risk to develop the respiratory disorders but this was not specifically differentiated according to the type of the e-waste activities. The main aim of this study was to evaluate if the risk to develop respiratory disorders was different according to the type of activities carried out by the e-waste workers. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Abidjan and Cotonou, two big cities in West Africa. The participants were randomly selected based on the list of e-waste workers provided by the census of different sites of e-waste. The spirometry was performed on all the study participants to assess whether they had respiratory disorders. A regression logistic model was performed to estimate the risk of developing respiratory disorders according to the type of activities carried out by the e-waste workers. Results: In total 308 e-waste workers including 149 at Abidjan and 159 at Cotonou were interviewed. Participants of this study ranged in age from 14 years to 69 years and the mean age was 33.71 ± 10.96. The main activities carried out by the study participants were respectively repairing (44.8%), buying or selling (40.3%), dismantling (31.8%). The prevalence of respiratory disorders was 20.1%. The multivariate analysis had not found a significant association between the type of activities and the presence of respiratory disorders. Conclusion: The effect of exposure to e-waste on respiratory health of workers was not different according to the type of activities. So, any policy that aims to reduce the risk of exposure on respiratory health must take into account all the e-waste workers regardless of the type of activities they perform in this sector.

关键词： e-Waste Activities Respiratory Disorders West Africa

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Sociodemographic and Economic Factors Associated with Urinary Bilharzia in the Municipalities of Sô-Ava, Aguegues and N’Dali in Benin

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2023年第4期13卷 342-359页

作者： Josias Olutobi Ahamidé Charles Jérôme Sossa Yolande Sissinto Edmond Yétongnon Pélagie Boko-Collins Romaric Tchèbè Achille Ayalè edgard-marius ouendo Regional Institute of Public Health (IRSP-OUIDAH) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Parasitology Laboratory (Faculty of Health Sciences) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Laboratory of Analysis of Social Dynamics and Development (LADYSD) Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Sightsavers Benin-Togo Cotonou-Lomé National Programme for the Control of Transmissible Diseases (PNLMT-Ministry of Health) Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Applied Medical Anthropology (LAMA) (Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences (FASH) University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin

Introduction: This research, conducted in the municipalities of Aguégués, Sô-Ava, and N’dali in Benin, focused on identifying socio-demographic and economic factors associated with urinary bilharzia in 415 school-aged children from 8 to 14 years. Using urine test strips and filtration techniques, the study found prevalences ranging from 11.88% to 34.53% across the municipalities. Method: Epidemiological data (urine) were collected and examined with test strips to assess the presence of terminal haematuria: the prevalence of infestation and parasite density was quantified using the filtration technique. Socio-demographic and economic factors were recorded using a questionnaire to assess the correlation with disease. Results: Prevalences of 34.53% (N = 48 out of 139), 13.53% (N = 18 out of 133) and 11.88% (N = 17 out of 143) respectively for the municipalities of Aguégués, N’dali and Sô Ava were calculated. The study showed that the variables “age”, “sex”, “religion” and “socio-professional” activity were not significantly correlated with bilharziasis (p > 0.05) and it appears that these factors are not related to bilharziasis in the surveyed households. While age, sex, religion, and socio-professional activity showed no significant correlation with bilharziasis, factors like agriculture, fishing, and place of residence were statistically significant in relation to the disease. Conclusion: The findings suggest that these socio-demographic and economic factors impede the elimination of schistosomiasis in the examined areas.

关键词： Schistosomiasis Prevalence Sociodemographic and Economic Factors Municipalities School-Aged Children

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Disability and Related Factors among Road Traffic Accident Victims in Benin: Study from Five Public and Faith-Based Hospitals in Urban and Suburban Areas

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2018年第4期8卷 226-241页

作者： Yolaine Glèlè-Ahanhanzo Alphonse Kpozèhouen Noel Moussiliou Paraiso Patrick Makoutodé Chabi O. Alphonse Biaou Eric Remacle edgard-marius ouendo Alain Levêque Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department Public Health Regional Institute Ouidah Benin Health Promotion Department Public Health Regional Institute Ouidah Benin Policies and Health Systems Department Public Health Regional Institute Ouidah Benin Humanité Inclusion Brussels Belgium Center of Research in Epidemiology Biostatistics and Clinical Research School of Public Health Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium

Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major public health issue in developing countries, where roads tend to be built haphazardly and accidents take a heavy toll on victims—including leaving them disabled. This study seeks to identify those factors that cause RTA victims to become disabled as a result of their injuries. Methods: This retrospective community-based study looked at RTA victims treated in five public and faith-based hospitals in Benin. Disability was evaluated using the Washington Group on Disabilities Statistics questionnaire. The independent variables were related to the victim’s socio-demographic traits, the circumstances of the accident, and post-crash response mechanisms. The proportions were compared using the chi-squared test, with a threshold of 5%. Results: The prevalence of disability among road traffic accident victims is 9.59% (CI 95%: 6.86% - 13.20%). The occurrence of disability is associated with age (p = 0.002), occupational group (p = 0.0077), the mode of transport used to transfer the victim (p p = 0.0035). The study also found that people fail to make sufficient use of post-crash response mechanisms. Conclusion: Public policy-makers should therefore focus on stepping up interventions to get more people using both protective equipment and post-crash response services.

关键词： Traffic Accident Disabled Persons Risk Factors

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