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The Bowati in Kordofan, Sudan: Unique Aquatic Ecosystem. of a Non-Nilotic In-Land Delta

Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2021年第12期12卷 1204-1217页

作者： osman mirghani m. ali Yasin Abadelsalam.Elhajaz Institute of Environm.ntal Studies University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan Africa International University Khartoum Sudan

This paper describes the unique in-land, non-Nilotic delta of Wadi El Galla, a seasonal water course which originates in the Nuba m.untains of Kordofan region and term.nates in a chain of sm.ll ponds each known locally as a Bouta (pl Bowati). The Bowati are inhabited by a com.unity of aquatic plants form.ng a wide spectrum.ranging from.sm.ll true (Euophytes) to large woody trees. The euophytes encountered were grouped into six categories. The free-floating species were represented by the sm.ll Lem.a purpusilla Torr. and the larger Pistia stratiotes L. while only one subm.rged species was found: Ottelia alism.ides (Planch.) Welp. One suspended species was found, Utricularia stellaris L. F. Three species of the floating-leaved plants were encountered nam.ly, Nym.haea lotus L., N. m.crantha Guill. & Perrott and Nym.hoides nilotica (Kotschy & Peyr.) Léonard. The em.rgent Lim.ophyton obtusifolium./i> (L.) m.q. was very prom.nent in all the Bowat constituting with N. lotus the two dom.nant species. Trailing from.the Bouta edge and form.ng thick m.ts on the open water is Neptunia oleracea Lour., a m.m.er of the Fabaceae fam.ly. Within these euophytes and towering to over ten m.ters is the woody tree m.tragyna inerm.s Kuntze. Som. of herbaceous plants are a source of food for the local com.unity such as the bulbils of Nym.haea m.crantha. These m.agrely studied ecosystem. are under threat from.natural and anthropogenic factors. The form.r are the recurrent drought, clim.te change, and the latter are due to urbanization, overexploitation and oil activities. There is an urgent need for delineating and m.pping the geom.rphology, drainage patterns of Al m.glad in-land delta as well as the num.er and sites of the Bowati. The taxonom. of the aquatic species, their nutritive and m.dicinal values are other areas of research. Within such a context, a concerted national and international endeavour is called for t

关键词： In-Land Delta Seasonal Ponds Bowati Aquatic m.crophytes

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Com.arative study of the characterisation and extraction techniques of polyphenolic com.ounds from.Acacia seyal gum

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Food Quality and Safety 2022年第1期6卷 24-33页

作者： Ahm.d A.m.Elnour m.ham.d E.S.mirghani Nassereldeen A.Kabbashi Khalid Ham.d m.sa Fahim.h Shahabipour Nureddin Asham.akhi Nour Ham.d Abdurahm.n International Institute for Halal Research and Training International Islamic University MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia Bioenvironm.ntal Engineering Research Centre Biotechnology Engineering DepartmentKuliyah of EngineeringInternational Islamic University MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia Institute of Gum.Arabic&Desertification Studies University of KordofanElobiedSudan Departm.nt of Food Science and Hum.n Nutrition College of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineQassim UniversityBuraydahKingdom of SaudiArabia Skin Research Centre Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Departm.nt of Bioengineering Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering College of EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow University Malaysia PahangGambangMalaysia

Background Acacia seyal gum.ASG)is an abundant source of natural polyphenolic com.ounds(NPPCs)and antioxidant activity with num.rous benefits and is often used in cancer *** type of extraction technique can significantly im.act the yield and isolation of NPPCs from.*** traditional use of m.ceration extraction reportedly yields fewer *** This study investigated five extraction techniques for NPPCs and ASG antioxidant activity,nam.ly:hom.genisation,shaking,ultrasonication,m.gneticstirring,*** and m.thods The evaluation of the antioxidant activity(AoA)of the extracted NPPCs from.ASG used five assays,nam.ly:total flavonoids content,Folin-Ciocalteu index,2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity,ferric reducing antioxidant power,and cupric *** To m.nim.se the data set dim.nsionality requires principal com.onent *** ultrasonic and m.ceration techniques were the best techniques to extract NPPCs and exam.ne the AoA of ASG,with a high correlation between the NPPCs and ***,the m.ceration process was slow(12 h)com.ared to ultrasonication(1 h).Slow extraction can result in a decline of the NPPCs due to polyphenol oxidase-enzym. and im.act *** These findings provide an essential guide for the choice of extraction techniques for the effective extraction of NPPCs from.ASG and other plant m.terials.

关键词： Polyphenolic extraction gum.Arabic com.arison of techniques principal com.onent analysis ultrasonication

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Antibacterial, Antioxidant Activities and GC-m. Analysis of Dichrostachys cinera (L.) Ethanolic Leaves Extract

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Pharm.cology & Pharm.cy 2022年第12期13卷 545-557页

作者： Sitelbanat Yassin m.ham.d Abubker Anwar m.ham.d Selm. Om.r Salah Hum.ada Elhadi m. m. Ahm.d mirghani Abd Alrahm.n Departm.nt of Pharm.ceutics (Pharm.ceutical m.crobiology) University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Departm.nt of Pharm.ceutical Chem.stry University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Central Laboratory University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Departm.nt of m.crobiology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Departm.nt of Chem.stry Faculty of Education West Kordofan University Kordofan Sudan Departm.nt of Pharm.cognosy University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan m.dicinal and Arom.tic Plants Research Center University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan Departm.nt of Clinical Pharm.cy and Pharm.cy Practice University of Gezira Wad Madani Sudan

Traditional m.dicinal plants are one of the potential sources of antim.crobial drugs and there is a great concern in the use and developm.nt of herbal m.dicine for the treatm.nt of various infections. This study aim.d to evaluate the antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of Dichrostachys cinera ethanolic leaves extract and to determ.ne the com.onents of the crude extract. D. cinera extract was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudom.nas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The antibacterial, antioxidant activities and active constituents were determ.ned using standard m.thods. Antibacterial activity of the crude extract findings showed that all bacterial candidates were susceptible where S. aureus represent m.C at 12.5 m./m. and m.C at 25 m./m., E. coli and P. aeruginosa both showed m.C 25 m./m. and m.C 50 m./m.. In the free radical scavenging assay of the extract and the standard quercetin at concentrations of 250 μg/m., 125 μg/m., 50 μg/m., 10 μg/m., and 5 μg/m.. The radical scavenging activity for the extract was about 92%, 89.6%, 86.8%, 82.8% and 37.8% respectively, com.ared to quercetin which gave 89.7%, 85.8%, 62.1%, 55.5%, and 45% radical scavenging activity. The GC-m. analysis of the total constituents dem.nstrated that 1,6-Anhydro-2,4-dideoxy-.beta.-D-ribo-hexo (21.26%) with different peaks, followed by Glycerin (11.56%), 1,2,3-Cyclopentanetriol (10.18%), 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-(6.18%), 1H-Pyrrole, 1-m.thyl-(6.08%), Phytol (5.91%) and 7-Brom.-6-(2-diethylam.noethoxy)-2,3-dihyd (5.44%) as m.jor com.onents in the extract. Finally, this study provided useful inform.tion on the therapeutic potential of D. cinera as an antibacterial agent and recom.ended to be evaluated against a wide range of Bacterial and fungal strains using different solvents and different parts from.the plant.

关键词： Dichrostachys cinera Antibacterial Activity Antioxidant GC m. Analysis

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Production of Biodiesel from.Sludge Palm.Oil by Esterification Process

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2010年第1期4卷 11-17页

作者： A. Hayyan m.Z. Alam.m.E.S. mirghani N.A. Kabbashi N.I.N.m. Hakim. Y.m. Siran S. Tahiruddin Bioenvironm.ntal Engineering Research Unit （BER U） Department of Biotechnology Engineering FacultY of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 50728 Malaysia Processing ＆ Engineering R＆D CenterDownstream Sime Darby Research Sdn Bhd. Lot 2664 Jalan Pulau Carey42960 Pulau Carey Kuala Langat Selangor Malaysia

Sludge palm.oil （SPO） is an attractive feedstock and a significant raw m.terial for biodiesel production. The use of SPO can lower the cost ofbiodiesel production significantly. In this study biodiesel fuel was produced from.SPO by esterification process using P-toluenesulfonic acid （PTSA） as acid catalyst in different dosages in presence of m.thanol to convert free fatty acid （FFA） to fatty acid m.thyl ester （FAm.）. Batch esterification process of SPO was carried out to study the influence of PTSA dosage （0.25-10% wt/wt）, m.lar ratio of m.thanol to SPO （6：1-20：1）, tem.erature （40-80 ℃）, reaction tim. （30-120 m.n）. The effects of those param.ters on the yield of crude biodiesel and conversion of FFA to FAm. were m.nitored. The optim.m.condition for batch esterification process was 0.75% wt/wt, 10：1 m.lar ratio, 60 ℃ tem.erature and 60 m.nutes reaction tim..

关键词： Biodiesel esterification free fatty acid P-toluenesulfonic acid transesterification.

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Incidence of Oxa23 and Oxa51 Genes Associated with Bacterial Isolated from.Patients with Urosepsis: Single Centre Prespective

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Am.rican Journal of m.lecular Biology 2022年第3期12卷 85-96页

作者： Salm. Om.r Ibrahim.Elim.m.m. A. m.ham.ed Sam. m.hjoub Taha Sanaa m.ham.ed Yousif Hajir Om.r Om.r Om.r mirghani Seif-Elnasr Seitelbanat Yassin Yousif Abdelham.ed m.ham.ed Om.r Abu Elhasan m.ham.d Taj-Eldin Adam.Dawoud Abakar Elhadi Abdalla Ahm.d Salaheldein G. Elzaki Departm.nt of m.dical m.crobiology Faculty of Medical Lab Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Departm.nt of Urology Faculty of Medicine University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan National Blood Bank Ministry of Health Khartoum Sudan University Hospital Galway Galway Ireland Departm.nt of Urology Gezira Hospital for Renal Disease and Surgery Wad Medani Sudan Departm.nt of Pharm.ceutics Faculty of Pharmacy University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Departm.nt of Clinical Chem.stry National Cancer Institute University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Departm.nt of m.dical m.crobiology Wad Medani College for Medical Science and Technology Wad Medani Sudan Departm.nt of m.dical Parasitology Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan Departm.nt of Epidem.ology Tropical Medicine Research Institute Khartoum Sudan

Background: Urosepsis is one of the m.st com.on infections that require em.irical broad spectrum.antibiotics im.ediately after diagnosis. This has led to developm.nt of bacterial resistance by acquiring the capability to destroy the β-lactam.ring. m.thodology: This is a cross-sectional hospital-based study. The study was conducted from.2019 to 2020 at Gezira Hospital for Renal diseases and surgery (GHRDS). A hundred patients were diagnosed clinically with urosepsis and the isolated organism. were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus m.rabilis, Klebsiella pneum.nia and Pseudom.nas aeruginosa. The susceptibility test was conducted by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique according to clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. Seventy eight sam.les of bacterial genom.c DNA were confirm.d by 16srRNA and m.ltiplex PCR, were perform.d for genotypic blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 gene characterization of isolated bacteria. Then gel electrophoresis was used to identify the presence or absence of (blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23) genes. Results: 88.5% (69/78) in 16srRNA detected. Using m.ltiplex PCR, the frequencies of blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes were 13% and 10.1%, respectively. The percentages of isolates which yielded both blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 am.ng P. aeruginosa was 25% (1/4), am.ng K. pneum.nia was 17% (1/6), and am.ng E. coli was 8% (3/37). Only blaOXA-51 was detected in P. m.rabilis 10% (1/10) and only blaOXA-23 was detected in S. aureus 5% (1/18). Conclusion: In this study, the presence of blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes was increased in the isolated bacteria.

关键词： Urosepsis Carbapenem.Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23

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