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Neuromodulation and ablation with focused ultrasound-toward the future of noninvasive brain therapy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第9期14卷 1509-1510页

作者： Anton Fomenko Andres m.lozano Krembil Research Institute University Health NetworkTorontoCanada Division of Neurosurgery Toronto Western HospitalTorontoCanada

With an aging patient population and an increased burden of neurological disease,the demand for noninvasive alternatives to open neurosurgical procedures is *** or minimally invasive approaches to targeting brain regions include transcranial magnetic stimulation(TmS),transcranial direct current stimulation,temporally interfering electric fields,and focused ultrasound(FUS).Among these modalities,FUS offers a unique combination of target specificity,deep brain penetration,and compatibility with real-time structural and thermal monitoring using magnetic resonance imaging(mRI)and mR *** on the intensity and frequency used,ultrasound can have either modulating or ablative effects on brain ***-intensity mR-guided FUS(mRgFUS)is a noninvasive and effective alternative to conventional deep-brain stimulation and radiofrequency lesioning for essential tremor(ET),and is being investigated for other movement disorders,particularly Parkinson’s *** clinical implementation of high-intensity ultrasound is challenged by limitations in target selection precision,technical barriers(such as variable penetration and heat deposition)and the possibility of lesion-related adverse effects(Schwartz et al.,2018).Emerging studies,including those from our group(Boutet et al.,2018)are striving to refine targeting of mRgFUS to improve safety and patient clinical *** the same time,low-intensity FUS(LIFUS)has been found to safely modulate brain activity in rodents,primates,and healthy human subjects(Fomenko et al.,2018).Clinical translation of LIFUS has been hampered however,by a poor understanding of the mechanisms of action,uncertainty over effective sonication parameters and intensities,and conflicting study results due to heterogeneous experimental *** this perspective,the current state of both mRgFUS ablation and LIFUS neuromodulation will be *** technical challenges to delivering ultrasound to the brain,recen

关键词： precision procedures Parkinson human same FUS can has

The effect of electrical current on lubricant film thickness in boundary and mixed lubrication contacts measured with ultrasound

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Friction 2024年第8期12卷 1882-1896页

作者： Julio A.CAO-ROmERO-GALLEGOS Saeid TAGHIZADEH oscar A.AGUILAR-ROSAS R.S.DWYER-JOYCE Leonardo I.FARFAN-CABRERA Tecnologico de monterrey Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasAve.Eugenio Garza Sada 2501MonterreyN.L.64849México Department of mechanical Engineering Leonardo Centre for TribologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S13JDUK

This work explores experimentally the effects of DC electrical currents on lubricant film thickness alteration in lubricated sliding steel contacts in the boundary and mixed regime as measured by *** experiments were performed in a two-electrode cell-based pin-on-disk tester instrumented with ultrasonic *** and electrified tribological tests were conducted on steel flat-on-flat contacts under various speeds and loads using both a mineral base oil and a gear *** thickness,coefficient of friction(CoF),and electrical contact resistance(ECR)were measured during short experiments(30 s)in unelectrified and electrified(1.5 and 3 A)*** results suggest that film thickness,CoF,and all ECR are altered by passing DC currents through the *** particular,film thickness increased and decreased,respectively,by applying electricity at the different speeds and loads *** alterations were majorly ascribed to oil viscosity decrease by local heat and surface oxidation caused by electrical discharge and break down at the interface.

关键词： electrified sliding ultrasonic measurement electric vehicles pin-on-disk

A comprehensive look at the psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology of spinal cord injury and its progression: mechanisms and clinical opportunities

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military medical Research 2024年第2期11卷 228-267页

作者： miguel A.Ortega oscar Fraile-martinez Cielo García-montero Sergio Haro miguel Ángel Álvarez-mon Diego De Leon-Oliva Ana m.Gomez-Lahoz Jorge monserrat mar Atienza-Pérez David Díaz Elisa Lopez-Dolado melchor Álvarez-mon Department of medicine and medical Specialities University of Alcala28801 Alcala de HenaresSpain Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research(IRYCIS) 28034 MadridSpain Department of Psychiatry and mental Health Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor28031 MadridSpain Service of Rehabilitation National Hospital for Paraplegic PatientsCarr.de la PeraledaS/N45004 ToledoSpain Immune System Diseases‑Rheumatology Service and Internal medicine University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias(CIBEREHD)28806 Alcala de HenaresSpain

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating and disabling medical condition generally caused by a traumatic event(primary injury).This initial trauma is accompanied by a set of biological mechanisms directed to ameliorate neural damage but also exacerbate initial damage(secondary injury).The alterations that occur in the spinal cord have not only local but also systemic consequences and virtually all organs and tissues of the body incur important changes after SCI,explaining the progression and detrimental consequences related to this ***(PNIE)is a growing area of research aiming to integrate and explore the interactions among the different systems that compose the human organism,considering the mind and the body as a *** initial traumatic event and the consequent neurological disruption trigger immune,endocrine,and multisystem dysfunction,which in turn affect the patient's psyche and *** the present review,we will explore the most important local and systemic consequences of SCI from a PNIE perspective,defining the changes occurring in each system and how all these mechanisms are ***,potential clinical approaches derived from this knowledge will also be collectively presented with the aim to develop integrative therapies to maximize the clinical management of these patients.

关键词： Spinal cord injury(SCI) Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology(PNIE) Secondary injury Immunoinflammatory dysfunction Gut microbiota Translational opportunities

Current surgical treatments for Parkinson's disease and potential therapeutic targets

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第8期13卷 1342-1345页

作者： Darrin J.Lee Robert F.Dallapiazza Philippe De Vloo Andres m.lozano Division of Neurosurgery Toronto Western Hospital Department of Surgery University of Toronto

Currently, the most common surgical treatment for Parkinson＇s disease is deep brain stimulation（DBS）. This treatment strategy is typically reserved for bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor in patients who no longer respond to medication in a predictable manner or who suffer medication-induced dyskinesias. In addition to DBS, ablative procedures like radiofrequency, radiosurgery and focused ultrasound are also utilized for select tremor symptoms. In this review, we discuss evolving surgical techniques, targets, and emerging technology. In addition, we evaluate potential paradigm shifts in treatment, including gene therapy, immunotherapy and cell transplantation. While these new techniques and treatment options are still in their infancy, advances in Parkinson＇s disease treatment are rapidly expanding.

关键词： Parkinson's disease deep brain stimulation pallidotomy thalamotomy focused ultrasound gene therapy immunotherapy cell transplantation

Low-power SiPm readout BETA ASIC for space applications

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第3期35卷 153-169页

作者： Anand Sanmukh Sergio Gómez Albert Comerma Joan mauricio Rafel manera Andreu Sanuy Daniel Guberman Roger Catala Albert Espinya marina Orta oscar de la Torre David Gascon Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica(FQA) Institut de Ciències del Cosmos(ICCUB)Universitat de Barcelona(UB)08028 BarcelonaSpain Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya(IEEC) 08034 BarcelonaSpain Electronics Department Serra Hunter fellow at Polytechnic University of Catalonia(UPC)08019 BarcelonaSpain

The BETA application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC)is a fully programmable chip designed to amplify,shape and digitize the signal of up to 64 Silicon photomultiplier(SiPm)channels,with a power consumption of approximately~1 mW/*** to its dual-path gain,the BETA chip is capable of resolving single photoelectrons(phes)with a signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)>5 while simultaneously achieving a dynamic range of~4000 ***,BETA can provide a cost-effective solution for the readout of SiPms in space missions and other applications with a maximum rate below 10 *** this study,we describe the key characteristics of the BETA ASIC and present an evaluation of the performance of its 16-channel version,which is implemented using 130 nm *** ASIC also contains two discriminators that can provide trigger signals with a time jitter down to 400 ps FWHm for 10 *** linearity error of the charge gain measurement was less than 2%for a dynamic range as large as 15 bits.

关键词： Radiation detectors Silicon photomultipliers Photon sensors Front-end electronics mixed-mode ASICs Space technology

American tegumentary leishmaniasis mimicking myiasis and granulomatous vasculitis:A case report

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2024年第10期17卷 473-476,I0001,I0002页

作者： Victoria J Arrieta Gastón morea Leticia m Tennerini maría VSanchez Esteban S lozano Diego E Cargnelutti Instituto de medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo(ImBECU) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Universidad Nacional de Cuyo(UNCuyo)MendozaArgentina Hospital Luis C.Lagomaggiore MendozaArgentina Facultad de Ciencias médicas(FCm) Universidad Nacional de Cuyo(UNCuyo)MendozaArgentina

Rationale:American tegumentary leishmaniasis comprises cutaneous and mucocutaneous manifestations caused by parasitic infections by various Leishmania *** report details the clinical interventions for a patient with American tegumentary leishmaniasis in mendoza,Argentina,a non-endemic *** concerns:A 43-year-old male was admitted to a tertiary care hospital in mendoza,Argentina Republic with a history of progressive nasal discharge,septal perforation,facial pain,and *** treatment for presumed nasal myiasis and vasculitis with granulomatosis,symptoms ***:American tegumentary ***:Intravenous liposomal amphotericin ***:Follow-up at 30 days showed no recurrence of symptoms with a remarkable clinical improvement of the nasal ***:This case sheds light on the necessity of accurate identification for timely intervention and the need to recognize the diverse manifestations of American tegumentary leishmaniasis to avoid misdiagnosis.

关键词： Leishmania American tegumentary leishmaniasis Diagnosis methods myasis Vasculitis and granulomatosis Case report

Clinicopathological alterations in wild mammals from the reservoir system of Trypanosoma cruzi:a scoping review

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 48-58页

作者： Ricardo Sanchez Pérez Josémanuel Aranda-Coello JoséAntonio De Fuentes Vicente oscar Rico Chavez Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan Universidad Nacional Autonoma deMexicoCuautitlan lzcalliEstadodeMexicoMexico El Colegio de la Frontera Sur-Unidad Campeche CampecheCampecheMexico Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas-Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas Tuxtla GutierrezChiapasMexico Facultad de medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia-Universidad Nacional Autonoma demexico Ciudad deMexicoMexico

Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas *** flagellated protozoan is transmitted to humans as well as different species of domestic and wild animals via vectors from the Reduviidae family(known as"kissing bugs").Despite the fact that hundreds of species of wild mammals are part of the reservoir system,the morphologi-cal changes and clinical manifestations resulting from the pathogenesis of the infection have been largely *** aim of this review is to systematically compile the available information regarding clinicopathological altera-tions in wild mammals due to natural infection by *** was obtained from six online bibliographic data search platforms,resulting in the identification of 29 publications that met the inclusion *** was the most common clinical manifestation,cardiac damage was the main finding at necropsy,and lymphoplas-macytic inflammation was the most frequent microscopic ***,regardless of its role as a reservoir,*** has the potential to affect the health status of wild mammals,a situation that highlights the need for further research to analyze,measure,and compare its effects at both the individual and population levels.

关键词： Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas disease American trypanosomiasis Clinicopathological alterations Natural infection Wild mammals

From Simulation to Reality: A Comprehensive Study on the Efficacy of a Rotating monopolar and Bipolar Radiofrequency System through In-Silico modeling and Pre-Clinical and Clinical Validation

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2024年第6期17卷 107-128页

作者： Gregorio Viera mármol Ana Lorena Urbano Bojorge Alicia Robledo Jorge José Antonio Ferrández martínez Olalla Calvo lozano High Technology Products S.L.U. (Sinclair) Barcelona Spain

Background: Skin aging is an unavoidable process aggravated by environmental agents. Among other energy devices, non-invasive radiofrequency (RF) technology is widely used for skin tightening and body contouring as it is simpler and more affordable than other technologies that also minimize pain and side-effects. However, most of the current RF devices do not provide automatic skin temperature control and it is difficult to achieve controlled, deep, and harmless thermal increase, so treatment performance and safety is dependent on the operator’s movements and expertise. Objective: To show the potential of numerical simulations for optimizing the design of monopolar and bipolar RF electrodes that are capable of providing homogeneous, deep and controlled heating. materials and methods: In-silico models were developed and analyzed using Comsol multiphysics software to simulate the RF effect produced in tissue by rotating monopolar and bipolar electrodes with different geometries from the Sculpt & Shape RF device (Sinclair, Spain), operating at frequencies of 0.5 and 1 mHz. Ex-vivo and in-vivo proof-of-concept tests were carried out to validate the simulations. Finally, treatments were performed on 16 subjects and a total of 78 body areas to assess the clinical results generated by the RF electrodes for skin tightening and body contouring. Results: In-silico studies emulated the superficial and deep dispersion of heat due to the release of RF energy into human skin tissue. The rotating electrodes (monopolar and bipolar) and the selected RF frequency (0.5 and 1 mHz) determined the homogeneity of the thermal distribution, the penetration depth (between 4.37 mm and 25.0 mm) and the heating dynamics (between 30 and 100 seconds to reach the target skin temperature), which were confirmed by ex-vivo and in-vivo tests. In addition, real treatments on facial and body areas using skin temperatures of between 43˚C and 44˚C showed consistent results with good clinical efficacy for

关键词： Comsol multiphysics Simulations Radiofrequency Skin Tightening Fat Reduction Body Contouring Cellulite

Hematological abnormalities in liver cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第9期16卷 1229-1244页

作者： oscar manuel Fierro-Angulo JoséAlberto González-Regueiro Ariana Pereira-García Astrid Ruiz-margáin Fernando Solis-Huerta Ricardo Ulises macías-Rodríguez Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico 14080Mexico Department of Hematology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico 14080Mexico

Hematological abnormalities are common in cirrhosis and are associated with various pathophysiological *** have documented a prevalence of thrombocytopenia,leukopenia,and anemia in patients with compensated cirrhosis of 77.9%,23.5%,and 21.1%,*** abnormalities carry significant clinical implications,including considerations for invasive procedures,infection risk,bleeding risk,and ***,cirrhosis was believed to predispose patients to bleeding due to alterations observed in classical coagula-tion tests such as prothrombin time,partial thromboplastin time,international normalized ratio,and ***,this understanding has evol-ved,and cirrhosis patients are now also acknowledged as being at a high risk for thrombotic *** in cirrhosis patients presents a complex pheno-type,with procoagulant and anticoagulant abnormalities offsetting each *** multifactorial phenomenon is inadequately reflected by routine laboratory *** complications are more prevalent in decompensated cirrhosis and may correlate with disease *** is primarily associated with portal hypertension,endothelial dysfunction,mechanical vessel injury,dissem-inated intravascular coagulation,endotoxemia,and renal *** review comprehensively outlines hematologic index abnormalities,mechanisms of hemostasis,coagulation,and fibrinolysis abnormalities,limitations of laboratory testing,and clinical manifestations of bleeding and thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis.

关键词： Cirrhosis Anemia Leukopenia Thrombocytopenia Coagulopathy Bleeding Thrombosis