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Comparative mitogenome phylogeography of two anteater genera (Tamandua and Myrmecophaga;Myrmecophagidae, Xenarthra): evidence of discrepant evolutionary traits

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Zoological Research 2021年第5期42卷 525-547页

作者： Manuel Ruiz-garcía Daniel Pinilla-Beltrán oscar e.murillo-garcía Christian Miguel Pinto Jorge Brito Joseph Mark Shostell Laboratorio de Genética de Poblaciones Molecular-Biología evolutiva Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotáDC 110231Colombia Grupo de Investigación en ecología Animal Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y ExactasUniversidad del ValleApartado AéreoCali 25360Colombia Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Escuela Politécnica NacionalQuito 17012759Ecuador Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad(INABIO) Quito 170135Ecuador Math Science and Technology DepartmentUniversity of Minnesota CrookstonCrookstonMN 56716USA

The species within Xenarthra(sloths,anteaters,and armadillos)are quintessential South American *** the three groups,Vermilingua(anteaters)contains the fewest extant and paleontological ***,we sampled and sequenced the entire mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)of two Tamandua species(Tamandua tetradactyla and ***)(n=74)from Central and South America,as well as Myrmecophaga tridactyla(n=41)from South *** Tamandua,we detected three different *** oldest(THI)contained many specimens with the *** morphotype(but also several with the *** morphotype)and originated in southeastern South America(currently Uruguay)before moving towards northern South America,where the THII haplogroup *** primarily contained specimens with the *** morphotype(but also several with the *** morphotype)and was distributed in Central America,Colombia,and *** and THII yielded a genetic distance of 4%.THII originated in either northern South America or“in situ”in Central America with haplogroup THIII,which consisted of~50%*** and 50%*** *** was mostly located in the same areas as THII,i.e.,Central America,ecuador,and Colombia,though mainly in the *** three haplogroups overlapped in Colombia and ***,*** and *** were not reciprocally *** this reason,we considered that a unique species of Tamandua likely exists,i.e.,*** contrast to Tamandua,*** did not show different morphotypes throughout its geographical range in the ***,two very divergent genetic haplogroups(MHI and MHII),with a genetic distance of~10%,were *** basal haplogroup,MHI,originated in northwestern South America,whereas the more geographically derived haplogroup,MHII,overlapped with MHI,but also expanded into central and southern South ***,Tamandua migrated from south to north whereas Myrmecophaga migrated from

关键词： Anteaters Genetic diversity Mitogenomes Myrmecophaga Neotropics Phylogeography Spatial structure Tamandua

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Landslide susceptibility: a statistically-based assessment on a depositional pyroclastic ramp

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第3期16卷 561-580页

作者： Franny G.murillo-garcíA Stefan STeGeR Irasema ALCáNTARA-AYALA Institute of Geography National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Institute for earth Observation Eurac Research

This study aimed to produce a high-quality landslide susceptibility map for Teziutlán municipality, a landslide-prone region in Mexico, which is characterised by a depositional pyroclastic ramp. The heterogeneous quality of available topographic information(i.e. higher resolution digital elevation model only for a sub-region) encouraged to confront modelling results based on two different study area delineations and two raster resolutions. Input data was based on the larger modelling region L15(163 km2) and smaller S(70 km2; located inside L15) with an associated raster cell size of 15 m(region L15 and S15) and 5 m(region S5). The resulting three data sets(L15, S15 and S5) were included into three differently flexible modelling techniques(Generalized Linear Model-GLM, General Additive Model-GAM, Support Vector Machine-SVM) to produce nine landslide susceptibility models. Preceding variable selection was performed heuristically and supported by an exploratory data analysis. The final models were based on the explanatory variables slope angle, slope aspect, lithology, relative slope position, elevation, convergence index, distance to streams, distance to springs and topographic wetness index. The ability of the models to classify independent test data was elaborated using a k-fold cross validation procedure and the AUROC(Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic) metric. In general, all produced landslide susceptibility maps depicted the hillslopes of the ravines, which cut the pyroclastic ramp, as prone to landsliding. The modelling results showed that predictive performances(i.e. AUROC values) slightly increased with an increasing flexibility of the applied modelling technique. Thus, SVM performed best, while the GAM outperformed the GLM. This tendency was most distinctive when modelling with the largest landslide sample size(i.e. data set L15; n = 662 landslides). Non-linear classifiers(GAMs, SVMs) performed slightly better when trained on the basis of lower

关键词： Landslide susceptibility Pyroclastic ramp Logistic regression Generalized Additive Model Support Vector Machine Cross validation

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Detecting polygenic selection in marine populations by combining population genomics and quantitative genetics approaches

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 603-616页

作者： Pierre-Alexandre GAGNAIRe oscar e. GAGGIOTTI Universite Montpellier 2 Place Eugene Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France ISeM - CNRS UMR 5554 SMEL 2 rue des Chantiers Sete 34200 France Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews East Sands St Andrews KY16 9LB UK

Highly fecund marine species with dispersive life-history stages often display large population sizes and wide geographic distribution ranges. Consequently, they are expected to experience reduced genetic drift, efficient selection fueled by frequent adaptive mutations, and high migration loads. This has important consequences for understanding how local adaptation proceeds in the sea. A key issue in this regard, relates to the genetic architecture underlying fitness traits. Theory predicts that adaptation may involve many genes but with a high variance in effect size. Therefore, the effect of selection on allele frequencies may be substantial for the largest effect size loci, but insignificant for small effect genes. In such a context, the performance of population genomic methods to unravel the genetic basis of adaptation depends on the fraction of adaptive genetic variance explained by the cumulative effect of outlier loci. Here, we address some methodological challenges associated with the detection of local adaptation using molecular approaches. We provide an overview of genome scan methods to detect selection, including those assuming complex demographic models that better describe spatial population structure. We then focus on quantitative genetics approaches that search for genotype-phenotype associations at different genomic scales, including genome-wide methods evaluating the cumulative effect of variants. We argue that the limited power of single locus tests can be alleviated by the use of polygenic scores to estimate the joint contribution of candidate variants to phenotypic variation.

关键词： local adaptation genome scans quantitative genetics genotype-phenotype association polygenic scores.

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An Architecture for Software engineering Gamification

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2020年第6期25卷 776-797页

作者： oscar Pedreira Felix garcia Mario Piattini Alejandro Cortinas Ana Cerdeira-Pena the Universidade da Coruna Centro de Investigacion CITICLaboratorio de Bases de DatosFacultade de InformaticaElvinaA Coruna15071Spain the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Grupo AlarcosEscuela Superior de InformaticaPaseo de la Universidad4Ciudad Real13071Spain.

Gamification has been applied in software engineering to improve quality and results by increasing people’s motivation and engagement.A systematic mapping has identified research gaps in the field,one of them being the difficulty of creating an integrated gamified environment comprising all the tools of an organization,since most existing gamified tools are custom developments or *** this paper,we propose a gamification software architecture that allows us to transform the work environment of a software organization into an integrated gamified environment,i.e.,the organization can maintain its tools,and the rewards obtained by the users for their actions in different tools will mount *** developed a gamification engine based on our proposal,and we carried out a case study in which we applied it in a real software development *** case study shows that the gamification engine has allowed the company to create a gamified workplace by integrating custom-developed tools and off-the-shelf tools such as Redmine,TestLink,or JUnit,with the gamification *** main advantages can be highlighted:(i)our solution allows the organization to maintain its current tools,and(ii)the rewards for actions in any tool accumulate in a centralized gamified environment.

关键词： gamification software engineering gamification architecture gamification engine

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Remediation effect of compost on soluble mercury transfer in a crop of Phaseolus vulgaris

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2015年第5期27卷 61-67页

作者： Nora e.Restrepo-Sánchez Liliana Acevedo-Betancourth Beatriz Henao-murillo Carlos Peláez-Jaramillo Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Studies (GIeM) Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences University of Antioquia

We studied the dynamics of mercury（Hg） transfer in Phaseolus vulgaris plants grown in soil with Hg-doped compost at the maximum levels permitted by Colombian law on organic amendments. Quantitative evaluation of transfer was made in different plant organs： roots,stem, leaves, pods and seeds. Matrix effect was determined in doped soil assays, using soil with and without addition of compost. Results showed that the use of organic matter reduced Hg transfer to the plant and the amount transferred was differentially distributed to the organs. We observed an inverse relationship between concentration and distance from the body to the root. It was evident that transfer was mediated by quantitative factors;the greater the presence of mercury in soil, the larger the amount that will be *** also indicate the remedial effect of compost and the presence of a barrier, at the root level, against mercury translocation to the plant aerial parts.

关键词： Trophic transfer Mercury Organic matter Soil pollution Remediation

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Conservation Tillage Influence on Carbon Dynamics Under Mediterranean Conditions

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Pedosphere 2014年第1期24卷 65-75页

作者： R.LóPeZ-GARRIDO e.MADeJON F.MOReNO J.M.murillo Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla(IRNAS-CSIC)

Intensity of tillage practices can enhance organic matter decomposition, increasing CO2 emissions from soil to the atmosphere. Conservation tillage （CT） has been proposed as a means of counteracting potential damages to the environment. In this study the effects of two CT systems, reduced tillage in a long-term experiment （RTL） and no-tillage in a short-term experiment （NTs）, were compared to traditional tillage （TT） in the long （TTL） and short-term experiments （TTs）. CO2 fluxes, total soil organic carbon （SOC） and dehydrogenase activity （DHA） were evaluated at 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm depths throughout the three years studied （Oct. 2006 Jul. 2009）. Traditional tillage increased C02 emissions compared to CT. The CT treatments （RTL and NTs） accumulated more SOC in the surface layer （0 5 cm） than the TT treatments （TTL and TTs）. SOC accumulation was moderate but DHA consistently increased in CT in the surface soil, especially with a legume crop included in the crop rotation. Values of stratification ratio of all parameters studied were higher in the CT treatments （RTL and NTs）. The agricultural and environmental benefits derived from CT make this system recommendable for semi-arid Mediterranean rain-fed agriculture.

关键词： crop rotation dehydrogenase activity rain-fed agriculture soil organic carbon

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Nightlife in the city: drivers of the occurrence and vocal activity of a tropical owl

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Avian Research 2020年第2期11卷 92-105页

作者： oscar Humberto Marín‑Gómez Michelle garcía‑Arroyo Camilo eSánchez‑Sarria JRoberto Sosa‑López Diego Santiago‑Alarcon Ian MacGregor‑Fors Red de Ambiente y Sustentabilidad Instituto de Ecología A.C.Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351El Haya91073 XalapaVeracruzMexico Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali760044 CaliColombia Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca(CIIDIR) Instituto Politécnico NacionalOaxacaMexico Dirección de Cátedras Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología(CONACYT)Mexico CityMexico Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados Instituto de Ecología A.C91073 XalapaVeracruzMexico

Background:Cities differ from non-urban environments by the intensity,scale,and extent of anthropogenic pres-sures,which can drive the occurrence,physiology,and behavior of the organisms thriving in these *** as green cover often predict the occurrence patterns of bird species in urban ***,anthropogenic noise and artificial light at night(ALAN)could also limit the presence and disrupt the behavior of ***,there is still a dearth of knowledge about the influence of urbanization through noise and light pollution on nocturnal bird species *** this study,we assessed the role of green cover,noise,and light pollution on the occurrence and vocal activity of the Mottled Owl(Ciccaba virgata)in the city of Xalapa(Mexico).Methods:We obtained soundscape recordings in 61 independent sites scattered across the city of Xalapa using autonomous recording *** performed a semi-automated acoustic analysis of the recordings,corroborating all Mottled Owl *** calculated two measures of anthropogenic noise at each study site:daily noise(during 24 h)and masking noise(mean noise amplitude at night per site that could mask the owl’s vocalizations).We further performed generalized linear models to relate green cover,ALAN,daily noise,and masking noise in relation to the owl’s occurrence(i.e.,detected,undetected).We also ran linear models to assess relationships among the beginning and ending of vocal activity with ALAN,and with the anthropogenic and masking noise levels at the moment of which vocalizations were ***,we explored variations of the vocal activity of the Mottled Owl measured as vocalization rate across ***:The presence of Mottled Owls increased with the size of green cover and decreased with increases in both artificial light at night and noise *** the temporal scale,green cover was positively related with the ending of the owl’s vocal activity,while daily noise and ALAN levels were not related to the tim

关键词： Anthropogenic noise Acoustic monitoring Nighttime ecology Urban ecology Urbanization Vocal activity

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effect of Sn precursor on the synthesis of SnO2 and Sb-doped SnO2 particles via polymeric precursor method

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2013年第4期7卷 387-395页

作者： Francisco LOPeZ MORALeS Teresa ZAYAS oscar e. CONTReRAS Leonardo SALGADO Department of Chemistry Metropolitan Autonomous University- Iztapalapa P.O. Box 55-534 C.P. 09340 Mexico D.F. Mexico Postgraduate in environmental Sciences and Center of Chemistry of the Science Institute Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla P.O. Box 1613 C.P. 72000 Puebla Mexico Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Department of Nanostructures P.O. Box 14 C.P. 22800 Ensenada B.C. Mexico

SnO2 and Sb-doped SnO2 particles were synthesized using the polymeric precursor method with different Sn salt precursors： SnCl2.2H2O, SnCl4.5H20, or Sn citrate. Sb2O3 was used as the precursor of Sb, and the molar ratio of nsn：nsb was held constant. FTIR and TGA/DTA were used to examine the influence of the Sn precursor on the formation and thermal decomposition of the Sn and Sn-Sb complexes. The calcination products obtained from heating the Sn and Sn-Sb complexes at 500℃ in air were analyzed using XRD and TeM analysis. The results revealed that the SnO2 and Sb-doped SnO2 formation temperatures depended on the nature of the Sn precursor. The calcination products were found to be SnO2 and Sb-doped SnO2 particles, which crystallized in a tetragonal cassiterite structure with a highly preferred （110） planar orientation. The Sn precursor and the presence of Sb in the SnO2 matrix strongly influenced the crystallinity and lattice parameters.

关键词： SnO2 and Sb-doped SnO2 Sn precursor Pechini method thermal decomposition nanoparticle

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Natural organic matter quantification in the waters of a semiarid freshwater wetland (Tablas de Daimiel, Spain)

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2013年第1期25卷 114-123页

作者： Montserrat Filella Juan Carlos Rodríguez-murillo Franc ois Quentel Institute F.-A. Forel University of Geneva10 route de SuisseCH-1290 Versoix Switzerland Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSICSerrano 115 E-28006 MadridSpain Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique UMR-CNRS 6521 Universit de Bretagne Occidentale6 avenue V.Le GorgeuCS 93837F-29238 Brest Cedex 3France

Dissolved organic matter （DOM） concentrations have been measured in the waters of a semiarid freshwater wetland, the Tablas de Daimiel, Spain, when the system-characterised by variable hydroperiodicity conditions, was completely flooded （February 2011）. Fluxes of DOM from the wetland soils to the overlying waters were measured by using a passive diffusion sampler （peeper）. Not only dissolved organic carbon （DOC） concentrations were measured but refractory organic matter （ROM, usually known as humic substances） was also quantified using a novel voltammetric method. Fluorescence spectra were recorded to help in selecting the appropriate standard for ROM quantification, test the homogeneity of DOM in the waters and get an indication of their source. The results obtained show a 7-fold increase in measured ROM concentrations from the Gigtiela River to the outlet, which points to a net exportation of ROM from the wetland and to the existence of an internal source of ROM in the system, probably diffusion from the wetland soils. This hypothesis is confirmed by the flux of ROM from the soils to the water column measured with the peeper and by the common fluorescence characteristics of colunm and interstitial waters. The smaller increase in DOC concentrations along the wetland, in spite of the higher DOC fluxes from soils, suggests that there is significant turnover of organic carbon （OC） in the water column. The system acts as a major carbon sink but, when flooded, exports .OC as DOM.

关键词： organic carbon natural organic matter refractory organic matter DOC ROM humic wetland Daimiel

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Protective behaviors regarding coastal flooding risk in a context of climate change

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第4期11卷 310-316页

作者： Colin LeMee oscar NAVARRO Diego ReSTRePO-OCHOA Denis MeRCIeR Ghozlane FLeURY-BAHI University of Brest Brest29200France Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de La Loire University of NantesNantes44312France CeS University Medellin050022Colombia Laboratoire de Geographie Physique(UMR 8591-CNRS) Sorbonne UniversiteParis75000France

The physical vulnerability of coastal areas due to rising sea level and the flooding risk consequent,does not guarantee the implementation of protective behaviors by these risk zones’*** study aims to establish the link between the willingness to carry out protective behaviors and physical and perceived indicators of vulnerability.A typology of coastal flooding vulnerability,uses various physical indicators and their perceived counterparts which have been collected from 490 inhabitants of Cartagena(Colombia,declared world heritage of humanity by UNeSCO in 1984),resident in areas of coastal flooding *** item-response theory(IRT)approach has been *** results reveal that the implementation of protective behaviors is more related to perceived indicators,such as distance to the sea,than to actual physical *** observe that physical vulnerability is linked to the intention to carry out protective *** presence of a defensive structure against coastal flooding could be considered as a visual cue and be a good predictor of the willingness to carry out protective *** the contrary,people in the most vulnerable situation(single-storey house)do not demonstrate a higher level of willingness to carry out protective behavior,as well of participants who lived in residential buildings which have demonstrated lower level of willingness to carry out such ***,vulnerability of the house is not seen as a criterion that encourages participants to better protect themselves.

关键词： Coastal flooding risk Protective behaviors Climate change Vulnerability Item response theory

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