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Importance of the Role of Gibberellic Acid and Potassium Nitrate in Seed Germination Habanero

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2013年第2期7卷 145-153页

作者： oscar gabriel villegas-torres Martha Ldla Dommguez-Patino Carlos Manuel Acosta-Durfin HectorSotelo-Nava Jose Daniel Lopez-Gomez Guillermo Flores-Sfinchez Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of the State of Morelos Cuernavaca 62209 Mexico Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering University of the State of Morelos Cuernavaca 62209 Mdxico Research Center for Applied Science and Engineering University of the State of Morelos Cuernavaca 62209 M~xico

The habanero chili (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) is a species of great demand in the domestic and international markets. One problem in the cultivation is low percentage of seed germination. There is little information on the use of promoters and imbibition time to increase this parameter, without compromising the quality of seedlings. In this context, authors assessed the independent effect of GA3 (gibberellic acid) and KNO3 at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg·L-1. Seeds without preconditioning were the witness. The experimental unit was a Petri dish with 50 seeds on filter paper placed equidistant. There were three replicates per treatment and the experimental design was randomized complete block. Imbibition time was 24 h. The experimental units were kept in an incubator at 22 ± 2 °C. From the time of planting and for periods of 24 h for 14 d, experimental units were reviewed to determine the time at the beginning of germination and the total cumulative percentage. The authors also determined the number of normal and abnormal seedlings, the length of hypocotyl and radicle, weight of fresh and dry matter of seedlings. On the fifth day after sowing in vitro, concentrations of 500 mg·L-1 of GA3, 300 and 400 mg·L-1 KNO3, increased 208% the percentage of seed germination of habanero chile. On day 14 after sowing in vitro concentrations of 500 mg·L-1 GA3, 300 and 400 mg·L-1 KNO3, increased 23% normal seedlings and 40% dry matter thereof, with respect to seeds obtained without preconditioning. Unconditioned seeds before sowing produced 125% more seedlings.

关键词：种子萌发硝酸钾赤霉素百分比浓度种子发芽发芽时间苗木质量试点单位

Effect of Electric Field on the Kinetics of Growth of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in a Hydroponic System

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2016年第3期5卷 113-120页

作者： Orlando Fuentes-Castañeda Martha Lilia Domínguez-Patiño Jorge Domínguez-Patiño Rosa María Melgoza-Alemán oscar gabriel villegas-torres CIICAp Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca México Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca México Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca México

The implementation of alternative harvest systems which are able to accelerate the kinetics of growth of plants, is extremely important to decrease the time of crop. In this sense, Electro-Hydroponic culture, i.e., the application of an electric field in the nutrient solution of the hydroponic culture emerges as an alternative and interesting harvest system. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the electric field applying different intensities of direct current (DC) at the galvanostatic regime (50, 37.5, 25 and 12.5 mA) on the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) plants in hydroponic culture. Fifty lettuce plants were used in a nutrient solution, from which 4 groups composed of ten lettuces each one, were subjected at 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50 mA, respectively. A fifth group of ten lettuces was used as a reference test, i.e., without application of DC. The experiments were carried out during 16 days. The results reveal that the kinetics of growth of the lettuce is dependent on the applied current;actually it is observed an increase in the foliate area of the plants cultivated in the presence of DC than that obtained in the reference test. Furthermore, the plants subjected at 12.5 mA, revealed an increase in the foliate area of 65.3% and 73.2% in comparison with the reference test.

关键词： Hydroponic Direct Current Lettuce Galvanostatic Regime

Role of Nitrogen and Nutrients in Crop Nutrition

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2014年第1期4卷 29-37页

作者： Vicente torres-Olivar oscar gabriel villegas-torres Martha Lilia Dominguez-Patifio Hoctor Sotelo-Nava Antonio Rodrlguez-Martme Rosa Maria Melgoza-Aleman Luis Alonso Valdez-Aguilar Irfin Alia-Tejacal Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Universidad Aut6noma del Estado de Morelos Col. Chamilpa 62209 Cuernavaca MorelosM~xico Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Universidad Aut6noma del Estado de Morelos Col. Chamilpa 62209 CuernavacaMorelos Mdxico Engineering and Applied Science Research Center Universidad Autdnoma del Estado de Morelos Col. Chamilpa 62209Cuernavaca Morelos M6xieo Department of Horticulture University Autonomous Agraria Antonio Narro Saltillo Coahuila 25315 M~xico

Nutrition is an important factor for the growth and development of plants. Among the main nutritional elements, there are nitrogen (N) and calcium (Ca). The N comes from two forms of inorganic ions, ammonium (NH 4 + ) and nitrate (NO 3 - ) whose functions in the plant are the increase in leaf area and improving the succulence of many crops, among other essential physiological processes. Both the deficit and excess NO 3 - have a negative impact on plants increasing susceptibility to insect pests and pathogens, while Ca as divalent ion absorbed Ca 2+ plays an important role in control of physiological disorders and the resistance of plants to diseases to increase the mechanical strength. The N and Ca have a close relationship in the nutritional role of the plant, because the Ca absorption acting nitrates, so that a proper balance affects plants better growth and higher strength.

关键词：营养作用作物养分氮生理过程机械强度营养元素无机离子

Nutrimental diagnosis of avocado(Persea americana Mill.)“Haas”,soil fertility and water quality in Cuernavaca,Morelos,Mexico

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 491-498页

作者： Hector Sotelo-Nava oscar gabriel villegas-torres Martha Lilia Domínguez-Patino Francisco Perdomo-Roldán Elías Hernández Castro Agustín Damián Nava Margarita Ramos García Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMexico Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMexico Unidad Academica de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales Universidad Autónoma de GuerreroIgualaMexico

In two contrasting agricultural ecohabitats (agrohabitats) in the avocado production area in the municipality of Cuernavaca, Morelos, an analysis of nutrimental status, soil fertility and water quality was conducted to measure soil fertility levels and to determine the nutrimental state of the trees. The “Hass” variety avocado groves studied had an average age of 8 years;the first grove was planted in an acrisol soil (1700 to 1900 meters above mean sea level [mamsl]);the second, in an andosol soil (1200 to 1700 mamsl). In each agrohabitat, tests were performed to determine the soil’s physical and chemical characteristics. The physical and chemical characteristics of the soils of this zone differ as do the nutrimental states of the avocado trees in the two agrohabitats. The trees showed excessive concentration of Ca, Fe, S, Z and Mg. The indices of Deviation from Optimal Percentage (DOP) in the two agrohabitats showed different nutrimental requirements;nevertheless, they were low and very near to zero, 14.218 and 13.350 respectively. The water used for the agricultural irrigation was low in salinity and sodium content and thus may be used for the agricultural irrigation without restrictions.

关键词： Avocado Nutrimental Imbalance Index Diagnosis Nutrimental Status Nutrients

Nitrogen/Ammonium Concentration Response of Vegetable and Flower Crops

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2014年第4期4卷 261-266页

作者： Armando Hemandez-Perez oscar gabriel villegas-torres Martha Lilia Dominguez-Patifio Martha Lilia Dominguez-Patino Hector Sotelo-Nava Antonio Rodriguez-Martinez Luis Alonso Valdez-Aguilar Iria Alia-Tejacal Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University Autonomous of the State of Morelos Cuernavaca 62209 Mexico Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering University Autonomous of the State of Morelos Cuernavaca 62209 Mexico EngineeringandAppliedScience Research Center UniversityAutonomous of the State ofMorelos Cuernavaca 62209 Mexico Department of Horticulture University Autonomus Agrarian Antonio Narro Saltillo 25315 Mexico

Nitrogen (N) is the element with the greatest influence on the growth of vegetables and ornamentals, however, form of delivery, either as nitrate (NO 3 - ) or ammonium (NH 4 + ) has different effects on plant development. The NO 3 - is the main form of N that plants absorb, but when it is the only source of N that has slight effects on root growth, no effects over enzymatic activities, and stimulates the absorption and translocation of cations within the plant. The NH 4 + is the easiest way of assimilation but is highly toxic when the only source or with respect to the concentration of NO 3 - is too high. To avoid toxicity, the NH 4 + must not exceed 20% of the total N amount in the formulation, however, it is important to consider the species, variety and environmental conditions. The N as supplied also affects the resistance or susceptibility of plants to diseases, but depends on the species and the type of pathogen.

关键词：氨氮浓度蔬菜作物花卉观赏植物植物生长发育生长影响植物吸收

Avocado Nutritional Diagnosis （Persea americana Mill.）＂Hass＂, Soil Fertility and Water Quality in Ocuituco, Morelos

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2013年第11期7卷 1068-1073页

作者： Hector Sotelo-Nava oscar gabriel villegas-torres Martha Lilia Dominguez-Patint Elias Hernfindez Castro Agustin Damian Nava Antonio Rodrlguez-Martmez Carlos Manuel Acosta-Duran Maria Andrade-Rodriguez Iran Alia-Tej acal Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Universidad Aut6noma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca 62209 Mexico Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Universidad Aut6noma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca 62209 Mexico Unit of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Universidad Autonoma de Guerrero Guerrero 39196 Mexico Engineering and Applied Science Research Center Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca 62209 Mexico

Morelos is the fourth in area cultivated and production volume of avocado. Of the 13 municipalities where it is farmed, Ocuituco represents 43.51% and Tetela del Volcán 27.53%. Despite being one of the main fruit species in Morelos, no information related to the fertility of the soil where it is grown, the quality of water available for irrigation and nutritional status of this important fruit for the state. The study was conducted in the municipality of Ocuituco which identified three agro-habitats taking into account climate, landform, soil type and altitude. In each agro-habitat were carried out soil sampling to determine the physical and chemical characteristics based on the Mexican Official Standard NOM-021-SEMARNAT-2000, the chemical quality of water for irrigation as described by Richards (1954) and crop nutrient status of avocado "Hass" according to the methodology described by Maldonado (2002). The soils had different physical and chemical characteristics, as well as the nutritional status of avocado trees in the three agro-habitats. The trees had excessive concentration of Cl, Cu and Zn. Indices of optimal percentage deviation expressed different nutritional requirements. The water used for irrigation was of low salinity and sodium content, so it can be used without restrictions.

关键词：土壤肥力鳄梨营养诊断水质美洲营养状况化学特性灌溉用水

Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogel Used in Hydroponics for the Impatiens New Guinea Production

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2016年第5期6卷 310-314页

作者： Silvia Paola Venegas Segura Martha Lilia Domínguez Patiño Miguel Aguilar Cortes Jorge Avelino Domínguez Patiño Luz Elva Marín Vaca Nadia Lara Ruiz Rosa María Melgoza Alemán oscar gabriel villegas torres Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca México Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca México Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca México

The environmental impact on the planet leads to the search of new processes that are friendly with the environment and obtaining high quality products. In this sense, green chemistry is used in the generation of products through processes that do not affect the planet. In many of these processes and in general, the use of water has been depleted this resource of vital importance for the survival of living things. In Mexico, 77% of water is used in agriculture;14% in the public supply;5% in the thermoelectric plants and 4% in the industry. In research presented, hydroponics is essential in the process and is defined as a technique used to reduce excessive water consumption, by providing the necessary nutrients, in addition to preventing soil erosion by allowing the growth of plants without use of ground. The potassium polyacrylate is a super-absorbent polymer (Hydrogel) capable of absorbing water up to 500 times of its weight and has a life span of 10 years. When mixed with a substrate, the required nutrient solution potassium polyacrylate allows to lengthen the interval watering and thus reducing the consumption of water from plants. Morelos is the largest producer of ornamental plants in the country, due to its privileged climate and location. In the present work using the hydroponic methodology, we planted cuttings of Bethlehem New Guinea (Impatiens New Guinea) in a substrate made by 60% of coconut fiber, 20% tepojal, 20% ground sheet mixed with polymer of potassium (20 g per litre), 400 ml of Steiner nutrient solution in concentrations of 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, varying the interval of 3-, 6-, 8- and 10-day watering. The variables considered are: concentration of chlorophyll, the plant height, leaf area, number of stems and weight dry total. The 12 principles of green chemistry applied to hydroponics using polyacrylate of potassium as part of the substrate in Bethlehem New Guinea (Impatiens New Guinea) to determine the analysis of life cycle (LCA), doing the balance of inputs and outputs of the system, and the

关键词： Steiner Solution Environmental Impact SimaPro

Evaluation of Growth Area Foliar Red Tomato Crop Using Markov Chains

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第6期7卷 420-424页

作者： Luz E. Marín Vaca Miguel Aguilar Cortes oscar G. villegas torres Nadia Lara Ruiz Martha Lilia Domínguez Patiño Engineering and Applied Science Postgraduate School University of Autonomous Morelos State Morelos Mexico Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Autonomous Morelos State Morelos Mexico Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering University of Autonomous Morelos State Morelos Mexico

The importance of evaluating the leaf area in red tomato plants aims to determine the growth and development of crops established two production cycles, spring-summer and autumn-winter to compare the influence of temperature on the growth of leaf area. Repeated, weekly samples were taken by identifying the week and determining the growth and leaf area development using Markov chains, using an array of transition to describe and represent in a flowchart the finite number of physiological States. With the analysis in the steady state process and applying the equations of odds, we get that leaf area growth is established from the seventh week shown in the first cycle (C1) with the chance of 0.266, 0.264 and 0.263, in the last two weeks. It was observed an increase of 6% in the cycle autumn-winter cycle compared spring-summer.

关键词： Leaf Area Tomato and Markov Chains

Microevolution of <i>Candida albicans</i>Isolate from a Patient with Mucocutaneous Candidiasis and HIV Infection

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2017年第2期7卷 41-49页

作者： gabriel Palma Cortés Carlos Cabello Gutierrez Misael González Ibarra Magdalena Aguirre García Fernando Hernández Sánchez Haydee torres Guerrero Departamento de Investigación en Virología y Micología Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratoria “Ismael Cosío Villegas” Ciudad de México México Laboratorio de Inmuno Alergología y Micología Médica División de Investigación Hospital Juárez de México Ciudad de México México Departamento de Medicina Experimental Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga” Ciudad de México México

Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection in HIV patients, and its presence is ascribed mainly to the persistence of the original infecting strain. The latter might acquire genetic variations during interaction with the host, reflecting the adaptation of the strain. Here, we report the case of a 32-year-old man complaining of asthenia, irregular hyperpyrexia, and dry cough, who was admitted to the emergency unit. Laboratory examination showed positivity for HIV. Dark violet macular lesions and ulcerated lesions with verrucous erosion were observed at the tip of the nose, whereas an ulcer without exudates was noted in the pubic region. Candida albicans was recovered from the skin by scraping these lesions. Cultures from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were negative for bacteria and opportunistic fungi but were positive for Candida albicans. The isolates from the skin and BAL were typed by PCR-RFLP and Candida albicans was identified. Analysis by microsatellite length polymorphisms, established that the pubic isolate was a genetic variant of the isolate from the nose and mouth. This suggested a microevolutionary event. Despite clinical support, the patient died of multiple organ failure.

关键词： Candida albicans HIV PCR-RFLP Microsatellite Genotyping Microevolution