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Comparative mitogenome phylogeography of two anteater genera (Tamandua and Myrmecophaga;Myrmecophagidae, Xenarthra): evidence of discrepant evolutionary traits

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Zoological Research 2021年第5期42卷 525-547页

作者： Manuel Ruiz-garcía Daniel Pinilla-Beltrán oscar e.murillo-garcía Christian Miguel Pinto Jorge Brito Joseph Mark Shostell Laboratorio de Genética de Poblaciones Molecular-Biología evolutiva Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotáDC 110231Colombia Grupo de Investigación en ecología Animal Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y ExactasUniversidad del ValleApartado AéreoCali 25360Colombia Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Escuela Politécnica NacionalQuito 17012759Ecuador Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad(INABIO) Quito 170135Ecuador Math Science and Technology DepartmentUniversity of Minnesota CrookstonCrookstonMN 56716USA

The species within Xenarthra(sloths,anteaters,and armadillos)are quintessential South American mammals.Of the three groups,Vermilingua(anteaters)contains the fewest extant and paleontological species.Here,we sampled and sequenced the entire mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)of two Tamandua species(Tamandua tetradactyla and T.mexicana)(n=74)from Central and South America,as well as Myrmecophaga tridactyla(n=41)from South America.Within Tamandua,we detected three different haplogroups.The oldest(THI)contained many specimens with the T.tetradactyla morphotype(but also several with the T.mexicana morphotype)and originated in southeastern South America(currently Uruguay)before moving towards northern South America,where the THII haplogroup originated.THII primarily contained specimens with the T.mexicana morphotype(but also several with the T.tetradactyla morphotype)and was distributed in Central America,Colombia,and ecuador.THI and THII yielded a genetic distance of 4%.THII originated in either northern South America or“in situ”in Central America with haplogroup THIII,which consisted of~50%T.mexicana and 50%T.tetradactyla phenotypes.THIII was mostly located in the same areas as THII,i.e.,Central America,ecuador,and Colombia,though mainly in the latter.The three haplogroups overlapped in Colombia and ecuador.Thus,T.tetradactyla and T.mexicana were not reciprocally monophyletic.For this reason,we considered that a unique species of Tamandua likely exists,i.e.,T.tetradactyla.In contrast to Tamandua,M.tridactyla did not show different morphotypes throughout its geographical range in the Neotropics.However,two very divergent genetic haplogroups(MHI and MHII),with a genetic distance of~10%,were detected.The basal haplogroup,MHI,originated in northwestern South America,whereas the more geographically derived haplogroup,MHII,overlapped with MHI,but also expanded into central and southern South America.Thus,Tamandua migrated from south to north whereas Myrmecophaga migrated from north to south.Our results also showed that tem

关键词： Anteaters Genetic diversity Mitogenomes Myrmecophaga Neotropics Phylogeography Spatial structure Tamandua

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亚热带森林植物的叶片和根系功能性状部分耦合但具有不同的群落性状分布格局

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Journal of Plant ecology 2024年第1期17卷 94-110页

作者： Wenqi Luo oscar J Valverde-Barrantes Monique Weemstra James F Cahill Jr Zi Wang Dong He Yongfa Chen Chengjin Chu Youshi Wang State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences/School of EcologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China International Center for Tropical Botany Department of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA Department of Biological Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonABT6G 2E9Canada School of ecology and the environment Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China

植物的生态过程依赖于叶片和根系的功能运行,但少有研究同时关注这两类性状在群落中的分布格局(CTD)。本文测定了广东亚热带森林44种共生木本植物的16个叶片和根系性状,旨在检验类比的叶片和根系性状是否耦合,是否沿类似的功能性状谱变... 详细信息

植物的生态过程依赖于叶片和根系的功能运行,但少有研究同时关注这两类性状在群落中的分布格局(CTD)。本文测定了广东亚热带森林44种共生木本植物的16个叶片和根系性状,旨在检验类比的叶片和根系性状是否耦合,是否沿类似的功能性状谱变异,是否表现出类似的CTD,其CTD和群落加权平均性状值(CWM)是否沿环境梯度表现出类似的响应。研究结果表明,叶片和根系性状变异的第一轴均呈显出由资源获取向资源保守变异的经济学谱,但叶片变异的第二轴主要由叶片碳含量表征,而根系变异的第二轴主要由反映菌根协作程度的根系粗细表征。类比的叶片和根系化学性状整体正相关,但形态性状的耦合程度较低。在群落水平上,叶片和根系性状第一轴的CWM均随海拔升高而变得更保守,而第二轴的变化则不一致。随土壤磷含量的降低或钾含量的升高,根系变得更细和在养分性状上更保守,而叶片性状无显著变化。当整合多维性状轴时,叶片性状呈发散格局,且随海拔、土壤磷和钾含量的增加呈收敛趋势;而根系性状呈收敛格局,但沿上述环境梯度呈发散趋势。该研究强调,叶片和根系性状与环境互作的差异可能导致不同的性状分布格局;植物可通过多样的地上和地下功能设计应对环境异质性。

关键词：性状维度群落构建叶片性状根系性状植物经济谱群落性状结构亚热带森林

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Predictive Factors of Renal Failure in COVID-19 Patients at the Anti-COVID Center in Lome, Togo

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第2期14卷 125-135页

作者： Kossi Akomola Sabi Yoan Makafui Amekoudi Awéréou Kotosso Laune Odilon Blatome Badomta Dolaama Ayodélé Jonathan Sabi oscar Gnirimi Gbahbang Loutou Ahoub-Laye Affo Béfa Noto-Kadou-Kaza Nephrology-Hemodialysis Department of CHU Sylvanus Olympio University of Lom Lom Togo Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lom Lom Togo Nephrology Department of the CHU Kara University of Kara Kara Togo Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pointe--Pitre Pointe--Pitre Guadeloup

Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 has been identified as the receptor that allows the entry of SarsCov2 into the human cell. Its expression in the kidney is 100 times higher than in the lung;thus, making the kidney an excellent target for SarsCov2 infection manifesting as renal failure (RF). The objective of this study was to determine the predictive factors of RF during COVID-19 in the Togolese context. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study conducted at the Lomé Anti-COVID Center including the records of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, of age ≥ 18 years and having performed a creatinemia. RF was defined by a GFR 2 calculated according to the MDRD formula. Patients were randomized into 2 groups according to GFRResults: 482 patients were selected for this study with a mean age of 58.02 years. Sixty-five percent of the patients were men, i.e., a sex ratio of 1.88. Fifty-two patients had RF, i.e., a frequency of 10.8%.There were 65% men (315 cases), for a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.88. Risk factors for renal failure in COVID-19 were age ≥ 65 years (ORa 2.42;CIa95% [1.17 - 4.95];p = 0.016), anemia (ORa 2.49;CIa95% [1.21 - 5.26];p = 0.015), moderate (ORa 13;CIa95% [2.30 - 2.44];p = 0.017), severe (ORa 26.2;CIa95% [4.85 - 4.93];p = 0.002) and critical (ORa 108;CIa95% [16.5 - 21.76];p Conclusion: Renal failure would therefore be related to the severity of COVID-19 and is the most formidable factor, conditioning the course of the disease and the patient’s vital prognosis.

关键词： COVID-19 Renal Failure Risk Factors Togo

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Development of a multiprimer metabarcoding approach to understanding trophic interactions in agroecosystems

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Insect Science 2022年第4期29卷 1195-1210页

作者： Ivan Batuecas oscar Alomar Cristina Castañe Josep Piñol Stéphane Boyer Lorena Gallardo-Montoya Nuria Agustí IRTA Sustainable Plant ProtectionCabrilsBarcelonaSpain Universitat Autònoma Barcelona Cerdanyola del VallèsSpain CReAF Cerdanyola del VallèsSpain Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte(IRBI) Tours UniversityToursFrance

To understand trophic interactions and the precise ecological role of each predatory species,it is important to know which arthropod and plant resources are used by generalist predators in agroecosystems.Molecular approaches,such as the use of high-throughput sequencing(HTS),play a key role in identifying these resources.This study develops a multiprimer metabarcoding approach for screening the most common trophic interactions of two predatory arthropods with contrasting morphologies,Rhagonycha fulva(Coleoptera:Cantharidae)and Anthocoris nemoralis(Hemiptera:Anthocoridae)collected from a peach crop.To reduce the time and cost of this metabarcoding approach,we first evaluated the effect of using two different predator-pools of different size(10 and 23 individuals of the same species).We also used our system to analyze the performance of one and two primer pairs in the same library.Our results show that the analysis of 23 individuals together with the use of two primer pairs in the same library optimize the HTS analysis.Using these best-performing conditions,we then analyzed the entire bodies of field-collected predators as well as the washing solutions used to clean the insect bodies.We were able to identify both gut content(i.e.,diet)and external pollen load(i.e.,on the insects’bodies).This study also demonstrates the importance of washing predatory insects’bodies prior to HTS analysis when the target species have a considerable size(>10 mm)and hairy structures.This metabarcoding approach has significant potential for the study of trophic links in agriculture,revealing expected and unexpected trophic relationships.

关键词： high-throug hput sequencing metabarcoding molecular diet analysis multiprimer approach predatory arthropods trophic interactions

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Landslide susceptibility: a statistically-based assessment on a depositional pyroclastic ramp

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第3期16卷 561-580页

作者： Franny G.murillo-garcíA Stefan STeGeR Irasema ALCáNTARA-AYALA Institute of Geography National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Institute for earth Observation Eurac Research

This study aimed to produce a high-quality landslide susceptibility map for Teziutlán municipality, a landslide-prone region in Mexico, which is characterised by a depositional pyroclastic ramp. The heterogeneous quality of available topographic information(i.e. higher resolution digital elevation model only for a sub-region) encouraged to confront modelling results based on two different study area delineations and two raster resolutions. Input data was based on the larger modelling region L15(163 km2) and smaller S(70 km2; located inside L15) with an associated raster cell size of 15 m(region L15 and S15) and 5 m(region S5). The resulting three data sets(L15, S15 and S5) were included into three differently flexible modelling techniques(Generalized Linear Model-GLM, General Additive Model-GAM, Support Vector Machine-SVM) to produce nine landslide susceptibility models. Preceding variable selection was performed heuristically and supported by an exploratory data analysis. The final models were based on the explanatory variables slope angle, slope aspect, lithology, relative slope position, elevation, convergence index, distance to streams, distance to springs and topographic wetness index. The ability of the models to classify independent test data was elaborated using a k-fold cross validation procedure and the AUROC(Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic) metric. In general, all produced landslide susceptibility maps depicted the hillslopes of the ravines, which cut the pyroclastic ramp, as prone to landsliding. The modelling results showed that predictive performances(i.e. AUROC values) slightly increased with an increasing flexibility of the applied modelling technique. Thus, SVM performed best, while the GAM outperformed the GLM. This tendency was most distinctive when modelling with the largest landslide sample size(i.e. data set L15; n = 662 landslides). Non-linear classifiers(GAMs, SVMs) performed slightly better when trained on the basis of lower raster resolution(data set S15) compared to the

关键词： Landslide susceptibility Pyroclastic ramp Logistic regression Generalized Additive Model Support Vector Machine Cross validation

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AT1 receptor downregulation:A mechanism for improving glucose homeostasis

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第3期14卷 170-178页

作者： Diana L Lopez oscar e Casillas Hiram J Jaramillo Tatiana Romero-garcia J.Gustavo Vazquez-Jimenez Department of Internal Medicine General Hospital of MexicaliMexicali 21000Baja CaliforniaMexico Faculty of Medicine Autonomous University of Baja CaliforniaMexicali 21000Baja CaliforniaMexico Faculty of Sports Autonomous University of Baja CaliforniaMexicali 21289Baja CaliforniaMexico

There is a pathophysiological correlation between arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, established since the pre-diabetic state in the entity known as insulin resistance. It is known that high concentrations of angiotensin-Ⅱ enable chronic activation of the AT1 receptor, promoting sustained vasoconstriction and the consequent development of high blood pressure. Furthermore, the chronic activation of the AT1 receptor has been associated with the development of insulin resistance. From a molecular outlook, the AT1 receptor signaling pathway can activate the JNK kinase. Once activated, this kinase can block the insulin signaling pathway, favoring the resistance to this hormone. In accordance with the previously mentioned mechanisms, the negative regulation of the AT1receptor could have beneficial effects in treating metabolic syndrome and type 2diabetes mellitus. This review explains the clinical correlation of the metabolic response that diabetic patients present when receiving negatively regulatory drugs of the AT1 receptor.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus High blood pressure Insulin receptor Insulin signaling pathway AT1 receptor Angiotensin II signaling pathway

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Detecting polygenic selection in marine populations by combining population genomics and quantitative genetics approaches

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 603-616页

作者： Pierre-Alexandre GAGNAIRe oscar e. GAGGIOTTI Universite Montpellier 2 Place Eugene Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France ISeM - CNRS UMR 5554 SMEL 2 rue des Chantiers Sete 34200 France Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews East Sands St Andrews KY16 9LB UK

Highly fecund marine species with dispersive life-history stages often display large population sizes and wide geographic distribution ranges. Consequently, they are expected to experience reduced genetic drift, efficient selection fueled by frequent adaptive mutations, and high migration loads. This has important consequences for understanding how local adaptation proceeds in the sea. A key issue in this regard, relates to the genetic architecture underlying fitness traits. Theory predicts that adaptation may involve many genes but with a high variance in effect size. Therefore, the effect of selection on allele frequencies may be substantial for the largest effect size loci, but insignificant for small effect genes. In such a context, the performance of population genomic methods to unravel the genetic basis of adaptation depends on the fraction of adaptive genetic variance explained by the cumulative effect of outlier loci. Here, we address some methodological challenges associated with the detection of local adaptation using molecular approaches. We provide an overview of genome scan methods to detect selection, including those assuming complex demographic models that better describe spatial population structure. We then focus on quantitative genetics approaches that search for genotype-phenotype associations at different genomic scales, including genome-wide methods evaluating the cumulative effect of variants. We argue that the limited power of single locus tests can be alleviated by the use of polygenic scores to estimate the joint contribution of candidate variants to phenotypic variation.

关键词：数量遗传学海洋生物基因组学基因选择检测群体等位基因频率人口规模

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Impact of chitosan-based nanocarriers on cytoskeleton dynamics:Current status and challenges

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BIOCeLL 2022年第4期46卷 885-891页

作者： M.CAROLINA DI SANTO AGUSTINA ALAIMO ANA PAULA DOMÍNGUeZ RUBIO oscar e.PÉReZ Departamento de Química Biológica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias exactas y Naturales Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(IQUIBICENCONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina

Chitosan-based nanocarriers(CS-NCs)show a promising role in improving drugs and bioactive compounds delivery for therapy.However,the effects exerted by CS-NCs at the cellular level,including their recognition and uptake,have not been fully investigated yet.Many factors,including size,shape,concentration,and surface chemistry of CS-NCs,play an important role in determining the types of intracellular signals triggered.The mechanism of uptake and the involvement of the cytoskeleton during the CS-NCs endocytosis variates among the different cell types as well as further effects observed inside cells.In the present work,we discuss the effects induced by CS-NCs per se on the cytoskeleton,a key component in cell architecture and physiology.The focus of this report is made on tumoral and normal biological models in which CS-NCs could differentially affect the cell cytoskeleton.The recent years reports regarding the impact of CS-NCs on cytoskeleton dynamics and the current techniques for its evaluation are summarized and discussed.Understanding mechanisms underlying cytoskeletal impact after cell exposure to CS-NCs is critical for the design of safest value-added formulations in the biomedical field.Furthermore,this revision points out some interesting aspects of cytoskeletal changes and cell death encompassing anti-tumoral effects.

关键词： Cytoskeletal dynamics Cellular uptake endocytosis Nanocarriers Chitosan Bioactive compounds

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Tidal drag and westward drift of the lithosphere

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 102-116页

作者： Vincenzo Nesi oscar Bruno Davide Zaccagnino Corrado Mascia Carlo Doglioni Dipartimento di Matematica Guido Castelnuovo Piazzale Aldo Moro5Roma 00185Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Via di Vigna Murata605Roma 00143Italy Computing and Mathematical Sciences Department Caltech1200 E.California Blvd.MC 305-16Pasadena 91125CAUSA Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Piazzale Aldo Moro5Roma 00185Italy

Tidal forces are generally neglected in the discussion about the mechanisms driving plate tectonics despite a worldwide geodynamic asymmetry also observed at subduction and rift zones.The tidal drag could theoretically explain the westerly shift of the lithosphere relative to the underlying mantle.Notwithstanding,viscosity in the asthenosphere is apparently too high to allow mechanical decoupling produced by tidal forces.Here,we propose a model for global scale geodynamics accompanied by numerical simulations of the tidal interaction of the earth with the Moon and the Sun.We provide for the first time a theoretical proof that the tidal drag can produce a westerly motion of the lithosphere,also compatible with the slowing of the earth’s rotational spin.Our results suggest a westerly rotation of the lithosphere with a lower bound ofω≈(0.1-0.2)°/Myr in the presence of a basal effective shear viscosityη≈10^(16)Pa-s,but it may rise toω>1°/Myr with a viscosity ofη≈≤3×10^(14)Pa-s within the Low-Velocity Zone(LVZ)atop the asthenosphere.This faster velocity would be more compatible with the mainstream of plate motion and the global asymmetry at plate boundaries.Based on these computations,we suggest that the super-adiabatic asthenosphere,being vigorously convecting,may further reduce the viscous coupling within the LVZ Therefore,the combination of solid earth tides,ultra-low viscosity LVZ and asthenospheric polarized small-scale convection may mechanically satisfy the large-scale decoupling of the lithosphere relative to the underlying mantle.Relative plate motions are explained because of lateral viscosity heterogeneities at the base of the lithosphere,which determine variable lithosphere-asthenosphere decoupling and plate interactions,hence plate tectonics.

关键词： Tidal drag Plate motions Polarized plate tectonics Lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction

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8-Hydroxyquinolylnitrones as multifunctional ligands for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第5期13卷 2152-2175页

作者： Damijan Knez Daniel Diez-Iriepa Mourad Chioua Andrea Gottinger Milica Denic Fabien Chantegreil Florian Nachon Xavier Brazzolotto Anna Skrzypczak-Wiercioch Ane Meden Anja Pilar Janko Kos Simon akelj Jure Stojan Kinga Saat Julia Serrano Ana Patricia Fernández Aitana Sánchez-garcía Ricardo Martínez-murillo Claudia Binda Francisco López-Muoz Stanislav Gobec JoséMarco-Contelles University of Ljubljana Faculty of PharmacyLjubljana 1000Slovenia Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry(Institute of Organic Chemistry CSIC)Madrid 28006Spain Departamento de Química Orgánicay Química Inorgánica Alcaláde HenaresMadrid 28871Spain Department of Biology and Biotechnology University of PaviaPavia 27100Italy Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des ArméesParis 91220France Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UAUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowKrakow 30-059Poland Institute of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia Department of Pharmacodynamics Chair of PharmacodynamicsFaculty of PharmacyJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakow 30-688Poland Department of Translational Neurobiology Neurovascular Research GroupCajal Institute(CSIC)Madrid 28002Spain Biotechnology and Vegetal Biology Department Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería AgronómicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid 28040Spain Faculty of Health Camilo JoséCela University of Madrid(UCJC)Neuropsychopharmacology Unit“Hospital 12 de Octubre”Research InstituteMadrid 28692Spain

We describe the development of quinolylnitrones(QNs)as multifunctional ligands inhibiting cholinesterases(Ches:acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase—h BChe)and monoamine oxidases(hMAO-A/B)for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.We identified QN 19,a simple,low molecular weight nitrone,that is readily synthesized from commercially available 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carbaldehyde.Quinolylnitrone 19 has no typical pharmacophoric element to suggest Che or MAO inhibition,yet unexpectedly showed potent inhibition of h BChe(IC50=1.06±0.31 nmol/L)and h MAO-B(IC_(50)=4.46±0.18μmol/L).The crystal structures of 19 with hBChe and hMAO-B provided the structural basis for potent binding,which was further studied by enzyme kinetics.Compound 19 acted as a free radical scavenger and biometal chelator,crossed the blood—brain barrier,was not cytotoxic,and showed neuroprotective properties in a 6-hydroxydopamine cell model of Parkinson's disease.In addition,in vivo studies showed the anti-amnesic effect of 19 in the scopolamine-induced mouse model of AD without adverse effects on motoric function and coordination.Importantly,chronic treatment of double transgenic APPswe-PS1δe9 mice with 19 reduced amyloid plaque load in the hippocampus and cortex of female mice,underscoring the disease-modifying effect of QN 19.

关键词： Quinolylnitrone Butyrylcholinesterase Monoamine oxidase B Alzheimer's disease Multifunctional ligands 6-Hydroxydopamine model Passive avoidance task Novel object recognition

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