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Inve.sion of walkaway VSP data in the.pre.e.ce.of late.al ve.ocity he.e.oge.e.ty

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Energy Geoscience

e.e.gy Ge.scie.ce 2024年第2期5卷 304-313页

作者： Vladimir Gre.hka Ilya Tsvankin Pe.ro contreras CWP Department of GeophysicsColorado School of MinesGoldenCO80401USA PDVSA-INTe.e. Apartado 76343Caracas1070AVenezuela Bore.ole.Se.smic LLC USA De.artme.t of Physics ULAVenezuela

Multi-azimuth walkaway ve.tical se.smic profiling is an e.tablishe. te.hnique.for the.e.timation of in situ slowne.s surface. and infe.ring anisotropy ***,this te.hnique.re.uire. the.assumption of late.al homoge.e.ty,which make. the.horizontal slowne.s compone.ts at de.ths of downhole.re.e.ve.s e.ual to those.me.sure. at the.*** violations of this assumption,such as late.al he.e.oge.e.ty or nonze.o dip of inte.me.iate.inte.face.,le.d to distortions in re.onstructe. slowne.s surface. and,conse.ue.tly,to e.rors in e.timate. anisotropic *** this work,we.re.ax the.assumption of late.al homoge.e.ty and discuss how to corre.t ve.tical se.smic profile.data for we.k late.al *** de.cribe.a proce.ure.of downward continuation of re.orde. trave.time. that accounts for the.pre.e.ce.of both ve.tical inhomoge.e.ty and we.k late.al he.e.oge.e.ty,which produce. corre.t slowne.s surface. at de.ths of downhole.re.e.ve.s,noticing that sufficie.tly de.se.re.e.ve. cove.age.along a bore.ole.is re.uire. to se.arate.influe.ce. of ve.tical and late.al he.e.oge.e.ty on me.sure. trave.time. and obtain accurate.e.timate. of the.slowne.s *** the.slowne.s surface. are.found and a de.ire. type.of anisotropic mode. to be.inve.te. is se.e.te.,the.corre.ponding anisotropic parame.e.s,providing the.be.t fit to the.e.timate. slowne.se.,can be.*** inve.t the.slowne.s surface. of P-wave. for parame.e.s of the.simple.t anisotropic mode. de.cribing dipping fracture.(transve.se.y isotropic me.ium with a tilte. symme.ry axis).Five.parame.e.s of this mode.,name.y,the.P-wave.ve.ocity V0 in the.dire.tion of the.symme.ry axis,Thomse.'s anisotropic coe.ficie.ts e.and d,the.tilt n,and the.azimuth b of the.symme.ry axis,can be.e.timate. in a stable.manne. whe. maximum source.offse. is gre.te. than half of re.e.ve. de.th.

关键词： Walkaway ve.tical se.smic profile Late.al ve.ocity he.e.oge.e.ty Anisotropic parame.e. e.timation Ve.tical inhomoge.e.ty

e.fe.t of re.ction and post-tre.tme.t conditions on physico-che.ical prope.tie. of magne.ic iron oxide.nano-particle. Author links ope. ove.lay pane.

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Particuology 2024年第8期91卷 155-167页

作者： Masome.Moe.i Mohame. e.okali Matthe. Roge.s oscar Ce.pe.e. Loue. Tliba Tamse.la Habib Robe.t Me.ze. Ali Hassanpour School of Che.ical and Proce.s e.gine.ring Faculty of Engineering and Physical ScienceUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK School of Physics and Astronomy Faculty of Engineering and Physical ScienceUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK Me.hanical e.gine.ring De.artme.t University of Engineering&TechnologyLahorePakistan School of Che.istry Faculty of Engineering and Physical ScienceUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Poor stability and dispe.sibility,as we.l as aggre.ation are.conside.e. as major challe.ge. in clinical application of iron oxide.nanoparticle.(IONPs).Se.e.al studie. have.shown that the.synthe.is parame.e.s and post-synthe.is tre.tme.ts e.g.,drying me.hods,have.the.capability to improve.the.particle.'***,we.inve.tigate.the.combine. e.fe.t of synthe.is and post-tre.tme.t parame.e.s on the.particle.size.stability and magne.ism of ***(Fe.(3)O_(4))NPs we.e.pre.are. via co-pre.ipitation and post-tre.te. using diffe.e.t me.hods,i.e.(i)fre.ze.drie. at-53℃,0.133 mbar for 48 h(liquid nitroge. froze.(LFD)and fre.ze. froze.(FFD)),(ii)vacuum ove. drie.(VOD)at 60℃for 24 h,and(iii)ke.t we. colloidal(We.),dispe.se. in de.onize. *** Fe.(3)O_(4)NPs’che.ical functional groups,size.shape.crystallinity,stability,aggre.ation,porosity,and magne.ic prope.tie. we.e.furthe. analyse. using diffe.e.t characte.isation *** re.ults showe. that,while.the.We. sample.had the.be.t stability and significantly le.s aggre.ation at diffe.e.t te.pe.ature.,amongst post-tre.te. Fe.(3)O_(4)NPs,LFD sample.e.hibite. the.be.t stability(up to 37℃),dispe.sion and smalle.t polydispe.sity ***,all drie. NPs had supe.paramagne.ic characte.istics,while.LFD Fe.(3)O_(4)NPs had be.te. magne.ic prope.tie. and stability than othe. drying me.hods.

关键词： Iron oxide.nanoparticle. Co-pre.ipitation Stability Aggre.ation Magne.ic prope.tie.

亚热带森林植物的叶片和根系功能性状部分耦合但具有不同的群落性状分布格局

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Journal of Plant e.ology 2024年第1期17卷 94-110页

作者： We.qi Luo oscar J Valve.de.Barrante. Monique.We.mstra Jame. F Cahill Jr Zi Wang Dong He.Yongfa Che. Che.gjin Chu Youshi Wang State.Ke. Laboratory of Biocontrol School of Life Sciences/School of EcologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Inte.national Ce.te. for Tropical Botany Department of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA De.artme.t of Biological Scie.ce. University of AlbertaEdmontonABT6G 2E9Canada School of e.ology and the.e.vironme.t Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China

植物的生态过程依赖于叶片和根系的功能运行,但少有研究同时关注这两类性状在群落中的分布格局(CTD)。本文测定了广东亚热带森林44种共生木本植物的16个叶片和根系性状,旨在检验类比的叶片和根系性状是否耦合,是否沿类似的功能性状谱变... 详细信息

植物的生态过程依赖于叶片和根系的功能运行,但少有研究同时关注这两类性状在群落中的分布格局(CTD)。本文测定了广东亚热带森林44种共生木本植物的16个叶片和根系性状,旨在检验类比的叶片和根系性状是否耦合,是否沿类似的功能性状谱变异,是否表现出类似的CTD,其CTD和群落加权平均性状值(CWM)是否沿环境梯度表现出类似的响应。研究结果表明,叶片和根系性状变异的第一轴均呈显出由资源获取向资源保守变异的经济学谱,但叶片变异的第二轴主要由叶片碳含量表征,而根系变异的第二轴主要由反映菌根协作程度的根系粗细表征。类比的叶片和根系化学性状整体正相关,但形态性状的耦合程度较低。在群落水平上,叶片和根系性状第一轴的CWM均随海拔升高而变得更保守,而第二轴的变化则不一致。随土壤磷含量的降低或钾含量的升高,根系变得更细和在养分性状上更保守,而叶片性状无显著变化。当整合多维性状轴时,叶片性状呈发散格局,且随海拔、土壤磷和钾含量的增加呈收敛趋势;而根系性状呈收敛格局,但沿上述环境梯度呈发散趋势。该研究强调,叶片和根系性状与环境互作的差异可能导致不同的性状分布格局;植物可通过多样的地上和地下功能设计应对环境异质性。

关键词：性状维度群落构建叶片性状根系性状植物经济谱群落性状结构亚热带森林

Pre.ictive.Factors of Re.al Failure.in COVID-19 Patie.ts at the.Anti-COVID Ce.te. in Lome. Togo

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Ope. Journal of Ne.hrology 2024年第2期14卷 125-135页

作者： Kossi Akomola Sabi Yoan Makafui Ame.oudi Awéréou Kotosso Laune.Odilon Blatome.Badomta Dolaama Ayodélé Jonathan Sabi oscar Gnirimi Gbahbang Loutou Ahoub-Laye.Affo Béfa Noto-Kadou-Kaza Ne.hrology-He.odialysis De.artme.t of CHU Sylvanus Olympio University of Lom Lom Togo Faculty of He.lth Scie.ce. University of Lom Lom Togo Ne.hrology De.artme.t of the.CHU Kara University of Kara Kara Togo Ce.tre.Hospitalie. Unive.sitaire.Pointe.-Pitre Pointe--Pitre Guadeloup

Background: Angiote.sin-conve.ting e.zyme.2 has be.n ide.tifie. as the.re.e.tor that allows the.e.try of SarsCov2 into the.human ce.l. Its e.pre.sion in the.kidne. is 100 time. highe. than in the.lung;thus, making the.kidne. an e.ce.le.t targe. for SarsCov2 infe.tion manife.ting as re.al failure.(RF). The.obje.tive.of this study was to de.e.mine.the.pre.ictive.factors of RF during COVID-19 in the.Togole.e.conte.t. Patie.ts and Me.hods: This was a re.rospe.tive.de.criptive.and analytical study conducte. at the.Lomé Anti-COVID Ce.te. including the.re.ords of patie.ts hospitalize. for COVID-19, of age.≥ 18 ye.rs and having pe.forme. a cre.tine.ia. RF was de.ine. by a GFR 2 calculate. according to the.MDRD formula. Patie.ts we.e.randomize. into 2 groups according to GFRRe.ults: 482 patie.ts we.e.se.e.te. for this study with a me.n age.of 58.02 ye.rs. Sixty-five.pe.ce.t of the.patie.ts we.e.me., i.e., a se. ratio of 1.88. Fifty-two patie.ts had RF, i.e., a fre.ue.cy of 10.8%.The.e.we.e.65% me. (315 case.), for a se. ratio (M/F) of 1.88. Risk factors for re.al failure.in COVID-19 we.e.age.≥ 65 ye.rs (ORa 2.42;CIa95% [1.17 - 4.95];p = 0.016), ane.ia (ORa 2.49;CIa95% [1.21 - 5.26];p = 0.015), mode.ate.(ORa 13;CIa95% [2.30 - 2.44];p = 0.017), se.e.e.(ORa 26.2;CIa95% [4.85 - 4.93];p = 0.002) and critical (ORa 108;CIa95% [16.5 - 21.76];p Conclusion: Re.al failure.would the.e.ore.be.re.ate. to the.se.e.ity of COVID-19 and is the.most formidable.factor, conditioning the.course.of the.dise.se.and the.patie.t’s vital prognosis.

关键词： COVID-19 Re.al Failure Risk Factors Togo

De.e.ting polyge.ic se.e.tion in marine.populations by combining population ge.omics and quantitative.ge.e.ics approache.

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Curre.t Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 603-616页

作者： Pie.re.Ale.andre.GAGNAIRe.oscar e. GAGGIOTTI Unive.site.Montpe.lie. 2 Place Eugene Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 France ISe. - CNRS UMR 5554 SMEL 2 rue des Chantiers Sete 34200 France Scottish Oce.ns Institute University of St Andrews East Sands St Andrews KY16 9LB UK

Highly fe.und marine.spe.ie. with dispe.sive.life.history stage. ofte. display large.population size. and wide.ge.graphic distribution range.. Conse.ue.tly, the. are.e.pe.te. to e.pe.ie.ce.re.uce. ge.e.ic drift, e.ficie.t se.e.tion fue.e. by fre.ue.t adaptive.mutations, and high migration loads. This has important conse.ue.ce. for unde.standing how local adaptation proce.ds in the.se.. A ke. issue.in this re.ard, re.ate. to the.ge.e.ic archite.ture.unde.lying fitne.s traits. The.ry pre.icts that adaptation may involve.many ge.e. but with a high variance.in e.fe.t size. The.e.ore. the.e.fe.t of se.e.tion on alle.e.fre.ue.cie. may be.substantial for the.large.t e.fe.t size.loci, but insignificant for small e.fe.t ge.e.. In such a conte.t, the.pe.formance.of population ge.omic me.hods to unrave. the.ge.e.ic basis of adaptation de.e.ds on the.fraction of adaptive.ge.e.ic variance.e.plaine. by the.cumulative.e.fe.t of outlie. loci. He.e. we.addre.s some.me.hodological challe.ge. associate. with the.de.e.tion of local adaptation using mole.ular approache.. We.provide.an ove.vie. of ge.ome.scan me.hods to de.e.t se.e.tion, including those.assuming comple. de.ographic mode.s that be.te. de.cribe.spatial population structure. We.the. focus on quantitative.ge.e.ics approache. that se.rch for ge.otype.phe.otype.associations at diffe.e.t ge.omic scale., including ge.ome.wide.me.hods e.aluating the.cumulative.e.fe.t of variants. We.argue.that the.limite. powe. of single.locus te.ts can be.alle.iate. by the.use.of polyge.ic score. to e.timate.the.joint contribution of candidate.variants to phe.otypic variation.

关键词： local adaptation ge.ome.scans quantitative.ge.e.ics ge.otype.phe.otype.association polyge.ic score..

De.e.opme.t of a multiprime. me.abarcoding approach to unde.standing trophic inte.actions in agroe.osyste.s

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Inse.t Scie.ce 2022年第4期29卷 1195-1210页

作者： Ivan Batue.as oscar Alomar Cristina Castañe.Jose. Piñol Stéphane.Boye. Lore.a Gallardo-Montoya Nuria Agustí IRTA Sustainable Plant ProtectionCabrilsBarcelonaSpain Unive.sitat Autònoma Barce.ona Cerdanyola del VallèsSpain CRe.F Cerdanyola del VallèsSpain Institut de.Re.he.che.sur la Biologie.de.l'Inse.te.IRBI) Tours UniversityToursFrance

To unde.stand trophic inte.actions and the.pre.ise.e.ological role.of e.ch pre.atory spe.ie.,it is important to know which arthropod and plant re.ource. are.use. by ge.e.alist pre.ators in *** approache.,such as the.use.of high-throughput se.ue.cing(HTS),play a ke. role.in ide.tifying the.e.*** study de.e.ops a multiprime. me.abarcoding approach for scre.ning the.most common trophic inte.actions of two pre.atory arthropods with contrasting morphologie.,Rhagonycha fulva(Cole.pte.a:Cantharidae.and Anthocoris ne.oralis(He.ipte.a:Anthocoridae.colle.te. from a pe.ch *** re.uce.the.time.and cost of this me.abarcoding approach,we.first e.aluate. the.e.fe.t of using two diffe.e.t pre.ator-pools of diffe.e.t size.10 and 23 individuals of the.same.spe.ie.).We.also use. our syste. to analyze.the.pe.formance.of one.and two prime. pairs in the.same.*** re.ults show that the.analysis of 23 individuals toge.he. with the.use.of two prime. pairs in the.same.library optimize.the.HTS *** the.e.be.t-pe.forming conditions,we.the. analyze. the.e.tire.bodie. of fie.d-colle.te. pre.ators as we.l as the.washing solutions use. to cle.n the.inse.t *** we.e.able.to ide.tify both gut conte.t(i.e.,die.)and e.te.nal polle. load(i.e.,on the.inse.ts’bodie.).This study also de.onstrate. the.importance.of washing pre.atory inse.ts’bodie. prior to HTS analysis whe. the.targe. spe.ie. have.a conside.able.size.>10 mm)and hairy *** me.abarcoding approach has significant pote.tial for the.study of trophic links in agriculture.re.e.ling e.pe.te. and une.pe.te. trophic re.ationships.

关键词： high-throug hput se.ue.cing me.abarcoding mole.ular die. analysis multiprime. approach pre.atory arthropods trophic inte.actions

Pro-inflammatory cytokine. le.e.s in te.rs and dry e.e.dise.se.in Parkinson’s dise.se

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Annals of e.e.Scie.ce 2023年第4期8卷 36-47页

作者： Azyade. Camacho-Ordone. Atzin Roble.-contreras oscar Gue.re.o-Be.ge. Nade.hda Camacho-Ordone. Robe.to Rodrígue.-Rivas Laura Adalid-Pe.alta Amin Ce.vante.-Arriaga Maye.a Rodrígue.-Violante Ante.ior Se.me.t De.artme.t Hospital Fundacion Nuestra Senora de la LuzPrivate Assistance InstitutionMexico CityMexico Ne.roophthalmology Clinic National Institute of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMexico CityMexico Biome.ical Re.e.rch Ce.te. Hospital Fundacion Nuestra Senora de la LuzPrivate Assistance InstitutionMexico CityMexico Institute.for Immunode.icie.cy Center for Chronic ImmunodeficiencyMedical CenterFaculty of MedicineAlbert-Ludwigs-University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany De.artme.t of Ne.roimmunology National Institute of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMexico CityMexico Pe.iphe.al Unit for the.Study of Ne.roinflammation of the.Institute.of Biome.ical Re.e.rch National Institute of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMexico CityMexico Move.e.t Disorde. Clinic National Institute of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMexico CityMexico

Background:Ne.roinflammation is an e.se.tial e.e.t in Parkinson’s dise.se.PD).Ide.tifying affordable.and le.s invasive.biomarke.s to make.an e.rly diagnosis and monitor the.ape.tic strate.ie. should be.a priority among *** study’s obje.tive.was to me.sure.te.r le.e.s of cytokine. in subje.ts with PD and the.r association with motor fe.ture. and the.pre.e.ce.of dry e.e.***:A total of 16 subje.ts with PD and 16 age.and se.-matche. controls we.e.*** Disorde.s Socie.y-Unifie. Parkinson’s Dise.se.Rating Scale.MDS-UPDRS),Hoe.n and Yahr(HY)stage.scale.Montre.l Cognitive.Asse.sme.t(MoCA),te.r bre.k-up time.TBUT),blink rate.BR),Dry e.e.Que.tionnaire.5(De.-5)we.e.e.amine.,and pro-inflammatory cytokine.[inte.le.kin(IL)-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12p70 and tumor ne.rosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)]we.e.quantifie. in te.rs using the.BD Cytome.ric Be.d Array Human Inflammatory Cytokine.***:Highe. te.r TNF-αwe.e.quantifie. in PD compare. to controls(2.94±3.95 vs.0.33±0.49 pg/mL,P=0.008).According to De.-5,50.0%(n=8)of PD subje.ts and 12.5%(n=2)controls had dry e.e.dise.se.De.).No diffe.e.ce. we.e.found in cytokine. conce.trations be.we.n PD patie.ts with De. compare. to those.without ***-8 was associate. with the.HY stage.TBUT,De.-5,and a be.te. MoCA score.A highe. BR corre.ate. mode.ate.y with a lowe. HY stage.r=−0.645,P=0.007),and De. patie.ts have.lowe. BR in PD(12.14±2.54 vs.9.0±2.06 blinks/minute.P=0.031).Conclusions:PD patie.ts have.highe. le.e.s of TNF-αin te.rs than age.and se.-matche. ***-8 in te.rs may be.both involve. in the.se.e.ity of the.dise.se.and in the.de.e.opme.t of De. in *** addition,our findings sugge.t that as HY stage.incre.se.,indicating a more.advance. stage.BR de.re.se.,indicating gre.te. motor ***,the.pre.e.ce.of De. is associate. with highe. le.e.s of bradykine.ia in PD patie.ts,sugge.ting a pote.tial re.ationship be.we.n De. and motor impairme.t se.e.ity.

关键词： Te.rs pro-inflammatory cytokine. dry e.e.dise.se.De.) Parkinson’s dise.se.PD)

Impact of chitosan-base. nanocarrie.s on cytoske.e.on dynamics:Curre.t status and challe.ge.

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BIOCe.L 2022年第4期46卷 885-891页

作者： M.CAROLINA DI SANTO AGUSTINA ALAIMO ANA PAULA DOMÍNGUe. RUBIO oscar e.PÉRe. De.artame.to de.Química Biológica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina Instituto de.Química Biológica de.la Facultad de.Cie.cias e.actas y Naturale. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(IQUIBICENCONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina

Chitosan-base. nanocarrie.s(CS-NCs)show a promising role.in improving drugs and bioactive.compounds de.ive.y for ***,the.e.fe.ts e.e.te. by CS-NCs at the.ce.lular le.e.,including the.r re.ognition and uptake.have.not be.n fully inve.tigate. *** factors,including size.shape.conce.tration,and surface.che.istry of CS-NCs,play an important role.in de.e.mining the.type. of intrace.lular signals *** me.hanism of uptake.and the.involve.e.t of the.cytoske.e.on during the.CS-NCs e.docytosis variate. among the.diffe.e.t ce.l type. as we.l as furthe. e.fe.ts obse.ve. inside.*** the.pre.e.t work,we.discuss the.e.fe.ts induce. by CS-NCs pe. se.on the.cytoske.e.on,a ke. compone.t in ce.l archite.ture.and *** focus of this re.ort is made.on tumoral and normal biological mode.s in which CS-NCs could diffe.e.tially affe.t the.ce.l *** re.e.t ye.rs re.orts re.arding the.impact of CS-NCs on cytoske.e.on dynamics and the.curre.t te.hnique. for its e.aluation are.summarize. and *** me.hanisms unde.lying cytoske.e.al impact afte. ce.l e.posure.to CS-NCs is critical for the.de.ign of safe.t value.adde. formulations in the.biome.ical ***,this re.ision points out some.inte.e.ting aspe.ts of cytoske.e.al change. and ce.l de.th e.compassing anti-tumoral e.fe.ts.

关键词： Cytoske.e.al dynamics Ce.lular uptake e.docytosis Nanocarrie.s Chitosan Bioactive.compounds

Tidal drag and we.tward drift of the.lithosphe.e

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Ge.scie.ce.Frontie.s 2023年第6期14卷 102-116页

作者： Vince.zo Ne.i oscar Bruno Davide.Zaccagnino Corrado Mascia Carlo Doglioni Dipartime.to di Mate.atica Guido Caste.nuovo Piazzale Aldo Moro5Roma 00185Italy Istituto Nazionale.di Ge.fisica e.Vulcanologia Via di Vigna Murata605Roma 00143Italy Computing and Mathe.atical Scie.ce. De.artme.t Caltech1200 E.California Blvd.MC 305-16Pasadena 91125CAUSA Dipartime.to di Scie.ze.de.la Te.ra Piazzale Aldo Moro5Roma 00185Italy

Tidal force. are.ge.e.ally ne.le.te. in the.discussion about the.me.hanisms driving plate.te.tonics de.pite.a worldwide.ge.dynamic asymme.ry also obse.ve. at subduction and rift *** tidal drag could the.re.ically e.plain the.we.te.ly shift of the.lithosphe.e.re.ative.to the.unde.lying ***,viscosity in the.asthe.osphe.e.is appare.tly too high to allow me.hanical de.oupling produce. by tidal ***,we.propose.a mode. for global scale.ge.dynamics accompanie. by nume.ical simulations of the.tidal inte.action of the.e.rth with the.Moon and the.*** provide.for the.first time.a the.re.ical proof that the.tidal drag can produce.a we.te.ly motion of the.lithosphe.e.also compatible.with the.slowing of the.e.rth’s rotational *** re.ults sugge.t a we.te.ly rotation of the.lithosphe.e.with a lowe. bound ofω≈(0.1-0.2)°/Myr in the.pre.e.ce.of a basal e.fe.tive.she.r viscosityη≈10^(16)Pa-s,but it may rise.toω>1°/Myr with a viscosity ofη≈≤3×10^(14)Pa-s within the.Low-Ve.ocity Zone.LVZ)atop the.*** faste. ve.ocity would be.more.compatible.with the.mainstre.m of plate.motion and the.global asymme.ry at plate.*** on the.e.computations,we.sugge.t that the.supe.-adiabatic asthe.osphe.e.be.ng vigorously conve.ting,may furthe. re.uce.the.viscous coupling within the.LVZ The.e.ore.the.combination of solid e.rth tide.,ultra-low viscosity LVZ and asthe.osphe.ic polarize. small-scale.conve.tion may me.hanically satisfy the.large.scale.de.oupling of the.lithosphe.e.re.ative.to the.unde.lying *** plate.motions are.e.plaine. be.ause.of late.al viscosity he.e.oge.e.tie. at the.base.of the.lithosphe.e.which de.e.mine.variable.lithosphe.e.asthe.osphe.e.de.oupling and plate.inte.actions,he.ce.plate.te.tonics.

关键词： Tidal drag Plate.motions Polarize. plate.te.tonics Lithosphe.e.asthe.osphe.e.inte.action