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Social interactions in striped hyena inferred from camera trap data:is it more social than previously thought?

Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 345-353页

作者： Jonathan TICHON Jason S.GILCHRIST Guy ROTEM Paul Ward orr spiegel Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Ben-Gurion University of the NegevMidreshet Ben-Gurion 84990Israel School of Applied Sciences Edinburgh Napier University1 Sighthll CourtEdinburgh EH114BNUK Spatial Ecology Laboratory Department of Life SciencesBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShebaIsrael Faculty of Lifle Sciences School of ZoologyTel Aviv UniversiyTel Aviv 69978Israel

Understanding the drivers promoting sociality over solitariness in animal species is imperative for predicting future population trends and informing conservation and *** this study we investigate the social structure of a desert dwelling population of striped hyena Hyaena *** species is historically regarded as strictly solitary albeit being the least studied of the extant *** evidence regarding the frequency of social interactions sug-gests a revision of striped hyena social structure is *** hypothesized that striped hyena has a social structure that is more complex than expected for a strictly solitary *** that end,we deployed an array of camera-traps in a remote desert region in Israel,and compared observed frequencies of striped hyena co-occurrence against null models to test whether hyena co-occurred more than expected by *** adults were(re)captured by our camera-traps in 49 different instances over 83 tracking *** these,6 exhibited shared space-use around a scarce,isolated perennial water *** of them,co-occurred with other hyena(in 3 instan-ces)significantly more frequent than expected by chance(and that timing suggests reproduction is unlikely to be the driving factor).Our findings substantiate evidence of complex social structure in striped hyena,highlight the importance of a scarce resource in space use and sociality,and provide a baseline for future research of striped hyena social *** suggest that similar methods be employed to evaluate social structure in other"solitary species"to better under-stand their social dynamics.

关键词： behavioral ecology cluster in space Hyaena hyaena social iteracin striped hyena social structure

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Natal dispersal in a social landscape： Considering individual behavioral phenotypes and social environment in dispersal ecology

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 543-556页

作者： Tina W. WEY orr spiegel Pierre-Olivier MONTIGLIO Karen E. MABRY Biology Department New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM 88003 USA Department of Environmental Science & Policy University of California at Davis Davis CA 95616 USA

Natal dispersal, the movement of an organism from its birthplace to the site of first reproduction, is fundamental to many ecological and evolutionary processes. Mechanistically, individual dispersal decisions can depend on both individual phenotype and environmental cues. In particular, many established evolutionary theories of dispersal highlight the importance of the social environment. More recent research in behavioral ecology has focused on the importance of individual behavioral phenotypes. We reviewed the literature on individual behavioral phenotypes and dispersal and suggest that how individual behavioral phenotypes interact with the immediate social environment experienced by individuals in influencing dispersal is still poorly understood, despite growing interest. We found that very few studies had examined the interaction of individual behavioral phenotypes and social factors, and behavioral phenotypes related to social tendencies were less commonly measured than were behavioral phenotypes related to exploration or response to risk. Further, and unsurprisingly, studies on social behavioral phenotypes and dispersal behaviors during the transience stage of dispersal were underrepresented compared to the departure or settlement stages. Future studies in this area should aim to: a) make explicit links between behavioral traits and their proposed effects on dispersal decisions throughout multiple stages of dispersal, b) integrate more continuous dispersal variables, and c) consider the effects of the spatial distribution and phenotypes of conspecifics (i.e., the social landscape) encountered by individual dispersers.

关键词：个体行为社会环境扩散行为生态环境表型产后景观分散决策

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Potential of photodynamic therapy in the management of infectious oral diseases

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 1-5页

作者： Cinzia Casu Germano orrù Department of Surgical Science Oral Biotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of CagliariCagliari 09124Italy

Photodynamic therapy(PDT)can take place in the presence of three elements:Light with an appropriate wavelength;a photosensitizer;and the presence of *** type of treatment is very effective overall against bacterial,viral and mycotic *** the last 10 years many papers have been published on PDT with different types of photosensitizers(e.g.,methylene blue,toluidine blue,indocyanine green,curcumin-based photosensitizers),different wavelengths(e.g.,460 nm,630 nm,660 nm,810 nm)and various parameters(e.g.,power of the light,time of illumination,number of sessions).In the scientific literature all types of PDT seem very effective,even if it is difficult to find a standard protocol for each oral *** could be an interesting way to treat some dangerous oral infections refractory to common pharmacological therapies,such as candidiasis from multidrug-resistant Candida spp.

关键词： Photodynamic therapy oral infections Photodynamic therapy vs candidiasis Blue light 460 nm Streptococcus mutans

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“别让这事儿传出去”

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环球财经 2024年第6期 62-62页

作者： Reuters(图) Cheney orr(图) 不详

当地时间2024年5月13日,美国纽约,美国前总统特朗普的前律师和摘客科恩(Michael Cohen,图左一)作为曼哈顿地区检察官指控特朗善犯有34项伪造商业记录一案的关键证人,前往法院出庭作证。他作证称,在2016年总统竞选期间,特朗普伪造商业记... 详细信息

当地时间2024年5月13日,美国纽约,美国前总统特朗普的前律师和摘客科恩(Michael Cohen,图左一)作为曼哈顿地区检察官指控特朗善犯有34项伪造商业记录一案的关键证人,前往法院出庭作证。他作证称,在2016年总统竞选期间,特朗普伪造商业记录,以隐腾支付给色情明星丹尼尔斯(Stormy Daniels)的13万美元“封口费”在提及丹尼尔斯多年前与特朗普发生性关系一事时,科恩称特朗普当时指示:“别让这事儿传出去。”

关键词：美国前总统总统竞选关键证人特朗普出庭作证丹尼尔斯科恩检察官

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An integrative bioinformatics pipeline shows that honeybee-associated microbiomes are driven primarily by pollen composition

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Insect Science 2023年第2期30卷 555-568页

作者： Douglas Chesters Xiuwei Liu Karen L.Bell Michael C.orr Tingting Xie Qingsong Zhou Chaodong Zhu Key Laboratory ofZoological Systematics andEvolution Institute ofZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBejingChina International College University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBejingChina Institute of Agro-Products Processing Yunnan Province Academy of Agricultural ScienceKunmingChina School of Biological Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia cSIRO Health&Biosecurity FloreatWAAustralia College of Life Sciences Anhui Normal UniversityWuhuAnhui ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Biological Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The microbiomes associated with bee nests influence colony health through various mechanisms,although it is not yet clear how honeybee congeners differ in microbiome assembly processes,in particular the degrees to which floral visitations and the environment contribute to different aspects of *** used DNA metabarcoding to sequence bacterial 16S rRNA from honey and stored pollen from nests of 4 honeybee species(Apis cerana,***,***,and ***)sampled throughout Yunnan,China,a global biodiversity *** developed a computational pipeline integrating multiple databases for quantifying key facets of diversity,including compositional,taxonomic,phylogenetic,and functional ***,we assessed candidate drivers of observed microbiome dissimilarity,particularly differences in floral visitations,habitat disturbance,and other key environmental *** revealed that microbiome alpha diversity was broadly equivalent across the study sites and between bee species,apart from functional diversity which was very low in nests of the reclusive *** in microbiome composition across Yunnan was driven predominantly by pollen *** disturbance negatively impacted both compositional and phylogenetic alpha diversity of nest microbiomes,but did not correlate with microbial *** herein make progress in understanding microbiome diversity associated with key pollinators in a biodiversity hotspot,and provide a model for the use of a comprehensive informatics framework in assessing pattern and drivers of diversity,which enables the inclusion of explanatory variables both subtly and fundamentally different and enables elucidation of emergent or unexpected drivers.

关键词： Apis biodiversity hotspot honeybee informatics metabarcoding microbiome

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Preface to the Special Issue on Changing Arctic Climate and Low/Mid-latitudes Connections

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第12期40卷 2135-2137页

作者： Xiangdong ZHANG Xianyao CHEN Andrew orr James EOVERLAND Timo VIHMA Muyin WANG Qinghua YANG Renhe ZHANG North Carolina State University AshevilleNC 28801USA Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System Key Laboratory of Physical OceanographyOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China British Antarctic Survey High CrossMadingley RoadCambridge CB30ETUK NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory SeattleWA 98115USA Finnish Meteorological Institute Helsinki FI-00560Finland University of Washington SeattleWA 98105USA School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen Universityand Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Zhuhai 519082China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

The Arctic climate system has changed rapidly during recent decades with a two-four times faster warming rate than the global average subject to the uncertainties of analysis datasets and *** changes have apparently resulted in broader and sizeable impacts within the Arctic,in the low/mid-latitudes,and *** importance of these changes and impacts makes the Arctic stand out within the global climate systems,drawing great attention and interests from the climate research community,the general public,and the government *** of the persistent,leading-edge topics in climate stud-ies during recent decades has therefore been to improve understanding of the underlying driving mechanisms,evaluate socioe-conomic and ecological impacts,and enhance the ability of the prediction and projections of Arctic climate changes.

关键词： Arctic latitude warming

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The effects of fluid loss on physical performance： A critical review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第4期4卷 357-363页

作者： Andrew Carlton Robin Marc orr Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond Institute of Health and Sport Gold Coast Queensland 4226 Australia

目的:对现有的关于研究水合状态对运动员身体活动能力影响的证据进行批判性分析。方法:从多个数据库检索获取符合纳入标准的文献,随后采用唐斯和布莱克协议(Downs and Black protocol)对纳入文献进行批判性评估。结果:9篇文章符合入选标... 详细信息

目的:对现有的关于研究水合状态对运动员身体活动能力影响的证据进行批判性分析。方法:从多个数据库检索获取符合纳入标准的文献,随后采用唐斯和布莱克协议(Downs and Black protocol)对纳入文献进行批判性评估。结果:9篇文章符合入选标准,平均79%在方法论质量上代表高标准的研究。结论:证据表明在持续30s以上的活动中,脱水状态在身体表现中有消极作用:然而在少于15 s的持续运动中,脱水状态对身体表现并无显著影响。

关键词：物理性能损耗流体持续时间文献检索批判性运动员标准

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Testing the systematic status of Homalictus and Rostrohalictus with weakened cross-vein groups within Halictini(Hymenoptera:Halictidae)using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing

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Insect Science 2022年第6期29卷 1819-1833页

作者： Dan Zhang Ze-Qing Niu A-Rong Luo Michael C.orr Rafael R.Ferrari Jian-Feng Jin Qing-Tao Wu Feng Zhang Chao-Dong Zhu Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Insttute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBejingChina College of Biological Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBejingChina International College University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBejingChina Department of Entomology College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBejingChina

The halictid genus Lasioglossum,as one of the most species-rich bee groups with persistently contentious subgeneric boundaries,is one of the most challenging bee groups from a systematic *** enduring question is the relationship of La-sioglossum and Homalictus,whether all halictine bees with weakened distal wing ve-nation comprise one or multiple ***,we analyzed the phylogenetic relation-ships among the subgroups within Lasioglossum *** on thousands of single-copy orthologs and ultraconserved elements,which were extracted from 23 newly sequenced low-coverage whole genomes alongside a published genome(22 ingroups plus 2 out-groups).Both marker sets provided consistent results across maximum likelihood and coalescent-based species tree *** phylogenetic and topology test results show that the Lasioglossum and Hemihalictus series are reciprocally monophyletic and Homa-lictus and Rostrohalictus are valid subgenera of ***,we lower Homalictus to subgenus status within Lasioglossum again,and we also raise Rostrohalic-tus to subgenus status from its prior synonymy with subgenus *** przewalskyi is also transferred to the subgenus ***,we redefine La-sioglossum to include all halictine bees with weakened distal wing venation.

关键词： Apoidea Lasioglossum phylogenomics systematics ultraconserved ele-ment universal single-copy ortholog

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Application of first order rate kinetics to explain changes in bloom toxicity——the importance of understanding cell toxin quotas

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第4期36卷 1063-1074页

作者： Philip T.orr Anusuya WILLIS Michele A.BURFORD Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University

Cyanobacteria are oxygenic photosynthetic Gram-negative bacteria that can form potentially toxic blooms in eutrophic and slow flowing aquatic ecosystems. Bloom toxicity varies spatially and temporally, but understanding the mechanisms that drive these changes remains largely a mystery. Changes in bloom toxicity may result from changes in intracellular toxin pool sizes of cyanotoxins with differing molecular toxicities, and/or from changes in the cell concentrations of toxic and non-toxic cyanobacterial species or strains within bloom populations. We show here how first-order rate kinetics at the cellular level can be used to explain how environmental conditions drive changes in bloom toxicity at the ecological level. First order rate constants can be calculated for changes in cell concentration( μ_c : specific cell division rate) or the volumetric biomass concentration( μ_g : specific growth rate) between short time intervals throughout the cell cycle. Similar first order rate constants can be calculated for changes in nett volumetric cyanotoxin concentration( μ_(tox) : specific cyanotoxin production rate) over similar time intervals. How μ_c(or μ_g) covaries with μ tox over the cell cycle shows conclusively when cyanotoxins are being produced and metabolised, and how the toxicity of cells change in response to environment stressors. When μ_(tox)/μ_c >1, cyanotoxin cell quotas increase and individual cells become more toxic because the nett cyanotoxin production rate is higher than the cell division rate. When μ_(tox)/μ_c =1, cell cyanotoxin quotas remains fixed because the nett cyanotoxin production rate matches the cell division rate. When μ_(tox)/μ_c <1, the cyanotoxin cell quota decreases because either the nett cyanotoxin production rate is lower than the cell division rate, or metabolic breakdown and/or secretion of cyanotoxins is occurring. These fundamental equations describe cyanotoxin metabolism dynamics at the cellular level and provide the necessary phys

关键词：蓝藻光合作用生态系统生物学

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Interactions of primary insult biomechanics and secondary cascades in spinal cord injury： implications for therapy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第10期12卷 1618-1619页

作者： Michael B.orr John C.Gensel Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center and the Department of Physiology the University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program the University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA

The complex and variable nature of traumatic spinal cord inju- ry （SCI） presents a unique challenge for translational research. SCI is not bound by any demographic nor is it limited to specific injury biomechanics.

关键词： SCI Interactions of primary insult biomechanics and secondary cascades in spinal cord injury:implications for therapy

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