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Enhancement of motor functional recovery in thoracic spinal cord injury: voluntary wheel running versus forced treadmill exercise

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 836-844页

作者： do-Hun Lee Dan Cao Younghye Moon Chen Chen Nai-Kui Liu Xiao-Ming Xu Wei Wu Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Neurological Surgery Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Neuroscience Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA

Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.

关键词： behavioral assessment motor function neural plasticity running wheel exercise spinal cord injury treadmill exercise voluntary exercise

Dynamic stress concentration in an infinitely long cylindrical cavity due to a point spherical source embedded within a fluid-saturated poroelastic formation of infinite extent

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 139-156页

作者： H.HoSSEINI o.BALILASHAKI Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringGolestan University

The effects of a harmonically exciting monopole source on an infinitely long cylindrical cavity embedded entirely within a fluid-saturated poroelastic formation of infinite extent are examined theoretically. It is assumed that the source is located outside the cavity at a specified distance from the borehole axis. The magnitudes of the hoop and radial stresses beside the pore pressures exerted on the interface and inside the porous medium surrounding the borehole are calculated and discussed. Biot's poroelastic modeling along with three types of boundary conditions for the cylindrical interface including the ideal fluid, empty borehole, and rigid inclusion with a hard boundary is employed for the analysis. Utilizing a proper translational addition theorem for expressing the incident spherical wave in terms of cylindrical wave expansions, the proposed boundary conditions at the interface are satisfied. Stresses are formulated by means of wave potential functions in a three-dimensional(3D) manner. The effects of the frequency and the radial distance between the source and borehole on the induced stresses are examined for the first cylindrical modes over frequency spectra. Two permeability conditions for the interface and three types of soils for the porous formation are considered throughout the analysis. To give an overall outline of the study, a numerical example is presented. The results clearly indicate that the distance is a key parameter and has considerable effects on the induced stress values. In addition, the interface permeability condition and soil characteristics play an important role in determining the dynamic response of the borehole. Finally,the obtained results are compared with the relevant analyses existing in the literature for some limit cases, and good agreement is achieved.

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Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato João B.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology(IBMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of Biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

Achalasia: A review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology,treatment and outcomes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第35期19卷 5806-5812页

作者： orla M o'Neill Brian T Johnston Helen G Coleman Centre for Public Health Queen’s University Belfast Department of Gastroenterology Belfast Health and Social Care Trust

Achalasia is a neurodegenerative motility disorder of the oesophagus resulting in deranged oesophageal peristalsis and loss of lower oesophageal sphincter ***,annual achalasia incidence rates were believed to be low,approximately 0.5-1.2 per *** recent reports suggest that annual incidence rates have risen to 1.6 per 100000 in some *** aetiology of achalasia is still unclear but is likely to be *** causes include environmental or viral exposures resulting in inflammation of the oesophageal myenteric plexus,which elicits an autoimmune *** of achalasia may be elevated in a sub-group of genetically susceptible *** in the diagnosis of achalasia,through the introduction of high resolution manometry with pressure topography plotting,has resulted in the development of a novel classification system for *** classification system can evaluate patient prognosis and predict responsiveness to *** is currently much debate over whether pneumatic dilatation is a superior method compared to the Heller’s myotomy procedure in the treatment of achalasia.A recent com-parative study found equal efficacy,suggesting that patient preference and local expertise should guide the *** achalasia is a relatively rare condition,it carries a risk of complications,including aspiration pneumonia and oesophageal *** risk of both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus is believed to be significantly increased in patients with achalasia,however the absolute excess risk is ***,it is currently unknown whether a surveillance programme in achalasia patients would be effective or cost-effective.

关键词： Epidemiology Achalasia Incidence Treatment oesophageal cancer risk

Contribution of mechanical forces to structural synaptic plasticity:insights from 3D cellular motility mechanisms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1995-1996页

作者： Rita o.Teodoro Mafalda Ribeiro Ramos Lara Carvalho iNoVA4Health NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências MédicasNMS|FCMUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboaPortugal

Cells,tissues,and organs are constantly subjected to the action of mechanical forces from the extracellular environment-and the nervous system is no ***-intrinsic properties such as membrane lipid composition,abundance of mechanosensors,and cytoskeletal dynamics make cells more or less likely to sense these *** and extrinsic cues are integrated by cells and this combined information determines the rate and dynamics of membrane protrusion growth or retraction(Yamada and Sixt,2019).Cell protrusions are extensions of the plasma membrane that play crucial roles in diverse contexts such as cell migration and neuronal synapse *** the nervous system,neurons are highly dynamic cells that can change the size and number of their pre-and postsynaptic elements(called synaptic boutons and dendritic spines,respectively),in response to changes in the levels of synaptic activity through a process called *** plasticity is a hallmark of the nervous system and is present throughout our lives,being required for functions like memory formation or the learning of new motor skills(Minegishi et al.,2023;Pillai and Franze,2024).

关键词： plasticity structural mechanisms

Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： Christopher J.o’Connell Matthew J.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA James L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

Integrating Levels of Hierarchical organization in Porous organic Molecular Materials

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 134-153页

作者： Jesus Ferrando‑soria Antonio Fernandez Instituto de Ciencia Molecular(ICMol) Universidad de Valencia46980 ValenciaSpain School of Science Loughborough UniversityLoughborough LE113TUUK

Porous organic molecular materials(PoMMs)are an emergent class of molecular-based materials characterized by the formation of extended porous frameworks,mainly held by non-covalent *** represent a variety of chemical families,such as hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks,porous organic salts,porous organic cages,C-H···πmicroporous crystals,supramolecular organic frameworks,π-organic frameworks,halogen-bonded organic framework,and intrinsically porous molecular *** some porous materials such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks,the integration of multiscale has been adopted to build materials with multifunctionality and optimized ***,considering the significant role of hierarchy in porous materials and the growing importance of PoMMs in the realm of synthetic porous materials,we consider it appropriate to dedicate for the first time a critical review covering both ***,we will provide a summary of literature examples showcasing hierarchical PoMMs,with a focus on their main synthetic approaches,applications,and the advantages brought forth by introducing hierarchy.

关键词： Porous organic molecular materials Hierarchy Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks Porous cages Fullerene

Song divergence indicates an unclear relationship between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks

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Avian Research 2021年第2期12卷 161-172页

作者： Jimmy Alexander vargas-Puentes Luis Alejandro Arias-Sosa Carolina Ramos-Montaño Grupo Ecología de organismos(GEo-UPTC) Escuela de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Pedagógica Y Tecnológica de ColombiaTunjaColombia

Background:Some studies have indicated that the Horned Larks(Eremophila alpestris)should be considered as a species *** it split into four species or clades and seven subclades based on genetic,morphological,and biogeographic ***,other aspects like song divergence have not been studied and several subspe-cies have not been evaluated,leading to important information gaps in this group of *** this work,we aimed to assess the differences in song traits and playback response between the Nearctic subclade and the Neotropical or Colombian subspecies ***:We compared six song traits between these groups and performed field playback experiments,to test the response of the Neotropical larks to both *** tested the difference in the variables for separate as well as by principal component analysis(PCA).Results:We found significant differences(pong traits and the PCA analysis between the two ***,the PCA analysis showed a clearer divergence of the Neotropical songs in comparison to the Nearctic songs of different locations within North ***,the playback analysis showed a significantly lower response of *** to the songs of the Nearctic ***:Besides this song divergence,there are important ecological and biogeographic differences between the Neotropical and Nearctic Horned Larks,that indicate an unclear relationship between these two ***,further morphological and genetic studies are required to clarify the taxonomy of the Neotropical Horned Lark and define if they share the same evolutionary history as the other subspecies of the Nearctic subclade.

关键词： Birdsong Eremophila alpestris peregrina Song features Speciation Reproductive barrier

on the Maximal operator Associated with Certain Rotational Invariant Measures

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2010年第6期26卷 993-1004页

作者： Adrián INFANTE Fernando soria Department of Mathematics Universidad Simn Bolívar Department of Mathematics Universidad Autnoma de Madrid

The aim of this work is to investigate the integrability properties of the maximal operator Mu,associated with a non-doubling measure μ defined on Rn. We start by establishing for a wide class of radial and increasing measures μ that Mu is bounded on all the spaces Lu^p（R^n）,P〉***,we show that there is a radial and increasing measure p for which Mμ does not map Lμ^p（R^n） into weak Lμ^p（R^n）,1≤p〈∞.

关键词： maximal operator non-doubling measures