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A View of Diel Variation of Maize Odorscape

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第6期5卷 811-820页

作者： Ene Leppik Toomas Tammaru Brigitte frérot french National Institute for Agricultural Research Versailles Cedex France University of Tartu Tartu Estonia

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by host plants attract gravid European corn borer (ECB) female moths for oviposition. Despite extensive studies, little is known about VOCs emitted by maize under natural conditions or the odorscape of a maize field, particularly at the time of ECB oviposition. Here, we characterized VOCs released by undamaged maize plants and VOCs in the maize field odorscape. VOCs were collected throughout the diel cycle with solid-phase microextraction fibres. VOCs were identified by GC-MS and quantified with calibration curves. Four replicates per time period were collected;i.e., dusk, night, dawn, and day. VOC patterns differed between the maize plants and the maize field odorscape throughout the diel cycle. At night, the period of ECB oviposition, the VOC pattern was characterized by an increase in monoterpenes, a decrease in sesquiterpenes, and the presence of methyl salicylate, α-copaene, and z-3-hexenyl acetate. An apparent discrepancy between maize plant and field odorscape VOC compositions was observed. Key compounds were identified as putative host-cues, including methyl salicylate, α-pinene, 3-carene, p-cymene, limonene, and dimethyl nonatriene. This study showed that VOCs were released by maize in a diel pattern, and host-characteristic cues were present for nocturnal ECB oviposition.

关键词： European Corn Borer Oviposition GC-MS SPME Maize Pest VOCs Field Odorscape

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AB061. Changes in eye movement strategies during a discrimination task in the presence of artificial central scotomas

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期 467-467页

作者： Paul Lene Trang Tran Anne-Sophie Laurin Romain Fournet frédéric Gosselin Aarlenne z.Khan École d’optométrie Universitéde MontréalMontréalQCCanada Département de Psychologie Universitéde MontréalMontréalQCCanada

Background:The goal of the present research was to study whether the presence of an artificial central scotoma resulted in changes in eye movement strategies over the course of multiple days of *** wished to determine how central vision loss,similar to age macular degeneration(AMD),affects eye movements,specifically the foveal-target *** also wished to determine if an invisible compared to a visible scotoma led to delayed or different strategies,given that AMD patients are mostly unaware of their condition as they are unconscious of the presence of their central ***:Eleven healthy participants(6 females,M=22.18,SD=1.94)were asked to perform a discrimination task,where they responded whether the orientation of an eccentric target(Gabor,10 deg to the left of fixation)was clockwise or *** target was surrounded by four distractor Gabors,thus making discrimination more difficult using peripheral *** target’s orientation varied 10°clockwise to 10°counter-clockwise in 1°*** participant performed four blocks of 75 trials each per day over 10 days,the first day being a baseline as the participant were tested without any *** measured discrimination performance and precision(position of the eye in X and Y).Results:Results showed similar patterns of discrimination reaction time and accuracy as well as changes to eye position for both the visible and the invisible scotoma *** time significantly decreased on the last day of training compared to the first(first day M=2,965 ms,last day M=1,567 ms,Pzontal(X)position of first saccade relative to the target(first=−0.4°,last=−0.13°)but there was a significant upward shift(first=0.08°***=0.58°,P<0.05);participants shifted their eye position on the Y axis so that they were looking at a point slightly above the tar

关键词： Adaptation scotoma vision eye age macular degeneration(AMD) significant results

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胶原海绵复合新生大鼠原代心肌细胞构建工程化心肌组织

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中国组织工程研究与临床康复 2007年第9期11卷 1609-1612页

作者：李军杰吕安林刁繁荣苑媛张荣庆胡小菁解放军第四军医大学西京医院心内科陕西省西安市710032

目的:探索以胶原海绵为支架、新生大鼠原代心肌细胞为种子细胞,于体外构建工程化心肌组织的方法。方法:实验于2005-12/2006-11在解放军第四军医大学西京医院心内科实验室完成。Ⅰ型胶原海绵剪切成方形片状(2.0cm×1.4cm×0.2cm),经60Co... 详细信息

目的:探索以胶原海绵为支架、新生大鼠原代心肌细胞为种子细胞,于体外构建工程化心肌组织的方法。方法:实验于2005-12/2006-11在解放军第四军医大学西京医院心内科实验室完成。Ⅰ型胶原海绵剪切成方形片状(2.0cm×1.4cm×0.2cm),经60Co照射消毒,于DMEM培养液中水化1h左右。另取1d龄SD大鼠心脏,剪成小碎块,然后用2.5g/L胰蛋白酶于37℃中消化,吸取上清至含胎牛血清的DMEM中,重复消化四五次,用差速贴壁法除去大部分成纤维细胞,将细胞沉淀用DMEM培养液以2×109L-1的密度悬浮备用。将上述的心肌细胞悬液1mL缓慢滴注于玻璃模型中的胶原海绵上,然后置于细胞培养中培养。肉眼及显微镜主要观察工程化心肌组织在培养期间的自发收缩情况,包括收缩的部位、强度、频率、一致性以及收缩随时间变化的情况。苏木精-伊红染色观察工程化心肌组织内胶原纤维的变化,细胞形态,胞核的形状及细胞之间的连接。免疫组织化学染色和透射电镜观察工程化心肌组织片的形态和功能。结果:①细胞接种于胶原海绵上1d后,细胞/胶原复合物的凝胶化过程基本完毕,体积保持恒定,维持至培养结束,第3天细胞/胶原复合物局部出现点片状自发收缩,第5天整个细胞/胶原复合物出现同步化自发收缩,收缩频率61～199次/min。2周后37.5%的工程化心肌组织的自发收缩活动减弱,但75%的工程化心肌组织的自发收缩活动持续至培养结束。②苏木精-伊红染色、免疫组织化学染色和透射电子显微镜显示,工程化心肌组织内细胞间连接广泛存在,细胞多呈纵向分布,胞核呈长圆形,胞浆内α-肌节肌动蛋白阳性,胞内肌原纤维排列整齐,可见到心肌特异性的肌小节结构和z线,多数细胞具有分化的心肌细胞表型。结论:用新生大鼠原代心肌细胞为种子细胞、以Ⅰ型胶原海绵为支架材料,构建出的工程化心肌组织,于体外可长时间持续自发收缩,该细胞/胶原复合物的形态结构与生理功能均类似于成熟大鼠心肌组织。

关键词：工程化心肌组织新生大鼠原代心肌细胞胶原海绵

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