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Estimation on the response of glaciers in china to the global warming in the 2.st century

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chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第7期45卷 668-672页

作者： SHI Yafeng & LIU Shiyin laboratory of ice {2. and Cold {3. Environment, Cold and Arid {3. environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of Sciences, lanzhou 73.000,{12. Cold and Arid {3. environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of Sciences, lanzhou 73.000,{12. laboratory of ice {2. and Cold {3. Environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Cold and Arid regions environmental and {2. {3. institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China

Glaciers in china can be categorized into 3.types, i.e. the maritime (temperate) type, sub-continental (sub-polar) type and extreme Continental (polar) type, which take 2.%, 46% and 3.1} of the total existing glacier area (59 406 km2. respectively. researches indicate that glaciers of the three types show different response patterns to the global warming. Since the Maxima of the Little {2. Age (the 17th century), air temperature has risen at a magnitude of 1.3.on average and the glacier area decreased corresponds to 2.% of the present total glacier area in western china. it is estimated that air temperature rise in the 2.3.s, 2.70s and 2.00s will be of the order of 0.4-1.2. 1.2.2.7 and 2.1-4.0 K in western china. With these scenarios, glaciers in china will suffer from further shrinkage by 12., 2.% and 45% by the 2.3.s, 2.70s and 2.00s. The uncertainties may account for 3.%-67% in 2.00 in china.

关键词： modern glacier global warming Little ice Age glacier type temperature rise in the 2.st century estimated glacier shrinkage.

Vertical quantitative and dominant population distribution of the bacteria isolated from the Muztagata ice core

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第10期48卷 1728-1739页

作者： XIANG Shurong1, YAO Tandong1, 2. AN Lizhe1, 3. WU Guangjian2. XU Baiqing2. MA Xiaojun 3. LI Zhen1, WANG Junxia1 & YU Wusheng1 1. Key {3. of ice {2. and Cold regions Environment, Cold and Arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, chinese {13. of Sciences, lanzhou 73.000,{12. 2. institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese {13. of Sciences, Beijing 100085,{12. 3. College of Life Science, lanzhou University, lanzhou 73.000,{12. chinese academy of Sciences lanzhou University

Vertical distribution of the main bacteria isolated from the Muztagata ice core (about 2..4 m) was investigated by means of cultivation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The results showed that the amount of culturable bacteria fluctuated with ice core depth, and was more in dirty layer than in clean ice, which suggested the close corresponding relationship between high input of the bacteria deposited by wind and snowflow and dirty layer. Most of the bacteria were psychrophiles and psychrotolerants, including α- and γ-proteobacteria, Cryobacterium psychro-philum, CFB (Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides) group, high-G+C gram-positive bacteria (HGC). Acinetobacter sp. and HGC repeatly occurred in different ice depths, and their quantita-tive distribution was consistent with the change of the total amount of culturable bacteria with depth, which suggested the main bio-indicator; while Flavobacterium, Cryobacterium psychro-philum, and α-proteobacteria, also functioned as a secondary indicator of climatic and environ-mental changes. This study is the first report concerning continuous quantitative variation and pattern of the main culturable bacteria in ice core section.

关键词： Pamirs Plateau, ice core, pattern of bacteria, bio-indicator.

Decrease trend of dust event frequency over the past 2.0 years recorded in the Malan ice core from the northern Tibetan Plateau

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chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第24期50卷 2866-2871页

作者： WANG Ninglian Key laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment, Cold and Arid regions {2. and {3. research institute, chinese academy of Sciences, lanzhou 73.00, china institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, china Key laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China institute of Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

By analyses of the dust layers in the Malan ice core from the northern Tibetan Plateau, it was found that dirty ratio in this core might be a good proxy for dust event frequency. The variations in the dirty ratio displayed a de- crease trend over the past {3.0 years, which implies that dust events became less frequent during the study period. The decrease trend in the variations in dust event frequency might be caused mostly by the natural processes, including increasing precipitation and weakening westerly which might be related with global warming. Furthermore, significant negative correlation was found between the dirty ratio and δ 18O in the Malan ice core. This is highly important for studying the effect of atmospheric dust on climate change.

关键词：青藏高原马伦冰核气候变化扬尘事件发生频率

Sea-salt aerosol transport patterns over the Northern Hemisphere inferred from two subarctic ice core records

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第4期48卷 576-584页

作者： YAN Yuping1,2, KANG Shichang2,3.5, SUN Junying4,5, Paul A. Mayewski2 & QIN Dahe5 1. National Climate Center, china Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, china 2. Climate Change institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA 3. institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, china 4. chinese academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, china 5. Key laboratory of ice {13. and Cold regions Environment, Cold and Arid environmental and engineering research institute, chinese academy of Sciences, lanzhou 73.000, china National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing China Climate Change institute University of Maine Orono ME USA institute of Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Key laboratory of ice {2. and Cold {3. Environment Cold and Arid Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China chinese academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing China

Atmospheric circulation reconstruction based on glaciochemical records requires knowledge of chemical concentration controls, such as source, transport pathway and strength. To gain insight into these processes, the relationships between glaciochemical records from two Northern Hemisphere sites (Mt. Logan in Yukon Territory and 2.D in southern Greenland) and instrumental sea level pressure (SLP) series are investigated. Calibrations between Mt. Logan sea-salt sodium (ssNa+) concentration and SLP series show that ssNa+ concentrations are closely correlated with the autumntime (SON) Aleutian Low and the summertime (JJA) North Pacific Subtropical High. Both the deepened Aleutian Low and enhanced North Pacific Sub- tropical High strengthen the transport of sea-salt aerosols from the North Pacific to the Mt. Logan region. Calibrations between 2.D ssNa+ concentrations and SLP series indicate that ssNa+ concentrations are closely related to the wintertime (Jan.) icelandic Low. A deepening of the icelandic Low strengthens winter storms and frequent cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic and pushes more sea-salt laden air masses to the Greenland ice sheet. Therefore, ice core ssNa+ records from the Mt. Logan region can be considered as a proxy for reconstructing the au- tumntime Aleutian Low and summertime North Pacific Subtropical High, and the ssNa+ records from Greenland ice core (2.D) may provide a proxy for reconstructing the wintertime icelandic Low.

关键词： sea-salt aerosol, ice core records, sea level pressure, subarctic regions.

Climatic and environmental changes over the last millennium recorded in the Malan ice {2. from the northern Tibetan Plateau

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1079-1089页

作者： WANG Ninglian1,2. YAO Tandong2.1, PU Jianchen1, ZHANG Yongliang1 & SUN Weizhen1 1. Key laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment, Cold and Arid {3. {2. and engineering research institute, chinese academy of Sciences, lanzhou 73.000, china 2. institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, china Key laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China institute of Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

In this paper, climatic and environmental changes were reconstructed since 112.A.D. based on the Malan ice {2. from Hol Xil, the northern Tibetan Plateau. The record of δ 18O in the Malan ice {2. indicated that the warm-season air temperature variations displayed a general increase trend, the 2.th-century warming was within the range of natural climate variability, and the warmest century was the 17th century while the warmest decade was the 1610s, over the entire study period. The “Medieval Warm Epoch” and “Little ice Age” were also reflected by the ice {2. record. The dust ratio in the Malan ice {2. is a good proxy for dust event frequency. The 870-year record of the dust ratio showed that dust events occurred much frequently in the 19th century. Comparing the variations of δ 18O and the dust ratio, it is found that there was a strong negative correlation between them on the time scales of 101―102.years. By analyses of all the climatic records of ice {2.s and tree rings from the northern Tibetan Plateau, it was revealed that dust events were more frequent in the cold and dry periods than in the warm and wet periods.

关键词： the Tibetan Plateau, the Malan ice core, climate changes, dust event frequency.

Spatial distribution of 10m firn temperature in the Antarctic ice Sheet

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Science china Earth Sciences 2011年第5期54卷 655-666页

作者： WANG YeTang1,3.& HOU ShuGui2.3.1 Shandong Marine Fisheries research institute,Yantai 2.4006,{2. 2.MOE,Key laboratory for Coast and Island Development,School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 2.0093.{2. 3.tate Key laboratory of Cryospheric Science,Cold and Arid regions environmental and engineering research institute,chinese {12. of Sciences,lanzhou 73.000,{2. Shandong Marine Fisheries research institute Yantai China State Key laboratory of Cryospheric Science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China MOE Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China

A database of Antarctic 10 m firn temperature was constructed using available borehole temperature measurements with data quality control to extend knowledge of Antarctic climate. Slopes from a high-resolution digital elevation model and the main ice divide were used to delineate main drainage sectors across Antarctica. In each drainage sector, a quantitative relationship between temperature and latitude, longitude and altitude was established using available tim temperature data. Quantitative relationships incorporating other factors affecting Antarctic air temperature such as atmospheric circulation and small-scale to- pography were used to derive a 10-km resolution grid map of surface temperature. The resulting temperature patterns presented a reasonable depiction of both large and small-scale variations in Antarctic 10 m firn temperature. This map is useful for many spatial variation studies, Antarctic ice sheet models, and comparison with satellite-derived temperature data and outputs of atmospheric general circulation models.

关键词： Antarctica 10 m firn temperature spatial distribution

Water transfer characteristics during methane hydrate formation and dissociation processes inside saturated sand

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2010年第1期19卷 71-76页

作者： Peng Zhang, Qingbai Wu, Yibin Pu, Guanli Jiang, Jing Zhan, Yingmei Wang State Key laboratory, Cold and Arid regions {2. and {3. research institute, chinese academy of Sciences, lanzhou 73.000, Gansu, china State Key laboratory Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 Gansu China

Gas hydrates formation and dissociation processes inside porous media are always accompanied by water transfer behavior, which is similar to the water behavior of ice freezing and thawing processes. These processes have been studied by many researchers, but all the studies are so far on the water transfer characteristics outside porous media and the water transfer characteristics inside porous media have been little known. In this study, in order to study the water transfer characteristics inside porous media during methane hydrate formation and dissociation processes, a novel apparatus with three pF-meter sensors which can detect water content changes inside porous media was applied. It was experimentally observed that methane hydrate formation processes were accompanied by water transfer from bottom to top inside porous media, however, the water behavior during hydrate dissociation processes was abnormal, for which more studies are needed to find out the real reason in our future work.

关键词： methane hydrate formation and dissociation processes: water transfer inside porous media saturated

Temperature variations recovered from tree-rings in the middle Qilian Mountain over the last millennium

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第4期48卷 521-529页

作者： LIU Xiaohong1,2. QIN Dahe1, SHAO Xuemei , CHEN Tuo1 & REN Jiawen12.1. Cold and Arid regions {3. and {2. research institute, chinese academy of Sciences, lanzhou 73.000, china 2. institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources research, chinese academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china Cold and Arid regions environmental and {2. {3. institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Based on the cross-dated tree-ring samples collected from the middle Qilian Moun- tain, a standard ring-width chronology had been developed, which covered the period AD 1000 to 2.00. The correlations between the chronology and climatic records from the nearby meteorological stations indicated that temperature was the dominant climatic factor for tree growth at upper timberline, and the most important climatic factor for the tree growth in the area was the mean temperature from previous December to current April. The temperature variations recovered from the ring-width data showed a cold period during the “Little ice Age” and the con- tinuous warming during the twentieth century. Comparison between the ring-width chronology and δ18O records from the Dunde ice {2. in the Qilian Mountain indicated that there was a con- sistent trend in both time series. A significant correlation existed between our ring-width chro- nology and the Northern Hemispheric temperature, suggesting that the climate changes in the Qilian Mountain were not only driven by regional factors, but also responsive to the global cli- mate.

关键词： middle Qilian Mountain, tree-ring width chronology, temperature variations.

A one-dimensional heat transfer model of the Antarctic ice Sheet and modeling of snow temperatures at Dome A, the summit of Antarctic Plateau

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第5期53卷 763-772页

作者： CHEN BaiLian1,3. ZHANG RenHe2. SUN ShuFen1, BIAN LinGen2. XIAO CunDe4,2.& ZHANG TingJun5 1 {3. of Atmospheric Physics, chinese {2. of Sciences, Beijing 10002., china 2.chinese {2. of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, china 3.Graduate University of chinese {2. of Sciences, Beijing 100049, china 4 Cold and Arid regions environmental and {12. research {3., chinese {2. of Sciences, lanzhou 73.000, china 5 The National Snow and ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 803.9-0449, USA institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of chinese academy of Sciences Beijing China chinese academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing China Cold and Arid regions environmental and {2. {3. institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China The National Snow and ice Data Center University of Colorado Boulder USA

A vertical one-dimensional numerical model for heat transferring within the near-surface snow layer of the Antarctic ice Sheet was developed based on simplified parameterizations of associated physical processes for the atmosphere, radiation, and snow/ice systems. Using the meteorological data of an automatic weather station (AWS) at Dome A (80°2.′S, 70°2.′E), we applied the model to simulate the seasonal temperature variation within a depth of 2. m. Comparison of modeled results with observed snow temperatures at 4 measurement depths (0.1, 1, 3. 10 m) shows good agreement and consistent seasonal variations. The model results reveal the vertical temperature structure within the near-surface snow layer and its seasonal variance with more details than those by limited measurements. Analyses on the model outputs of the surface energy fluxes show that: 1) the surface energy balance at Dome A is characterized by the compensation between negative net radiation and the positive sensible fluxes, and 2. the sensible heat is on average transported from the atmosphere to the snow, and has an evident increase in spring. The results are considered well representative for the highest interior Antarctic Plateau.

关键词： Antarctic ice Sheet near-surface layer energy transfer numerical model