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PFAS: Ecological Implications, Remedial Actions and Ethical Considerations

Health 2023年第3期15卷 306-334页

作者： Oluwafemi awolesi Peter Oni Abiodun Oshinowo Boluwatife S. Olubusoye Faustina Owusu Simeon Pama Sunday Temitope Osobamiro Acaye Ongwech omotoyosi awolesi Beatrice Arwenyo Department of Environmental Science Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Research & Development Unit Ecoxygiene Services Limited Lagos Nigeria Department of Chemistry Mississippi State University Starkville USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Worcester Polytechnic Institute Massachusetts USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Toledo Toledo USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi Oxford USA Department of Chemical Sciences Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye Nigeria Department of Chemistry Gulu University Gulu Uganda Faculty of Law University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria

The C-F bond is one of the strongest in organic chemistry. It is responsible for the great stability of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, commonly referred to as “PFAS”, a group of man-made chemicals that include perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Thermal stability, surface activity, dielectric characteristics, chemical resistance, and inertness are just a few of the technical advantages that this group has over hydrocarbons, and since the 1950s, these chemicals have been largely utilized in a variety of domestic and industrial endeavors. The hydrophilic and lipophilic nature of this class of chemicals accounts for its uniqueness. Up until today, the chemistry and ecotoxicology of these chemicals continue to emerge. Issues concerning the destructive power of ignorance expedited by an ineffective regulatory institution continue to show that manufacturing chemicals are insufficient without giving serious thought to issues of openness and humanity’s awareness of its own safety. When discussing the nature of humanity and how it can be defined or redefined, it is important to allude to the significance of integrating business with ethics in its various forms. This paper highlights the importance of holding polluters accountable for PFAS contamination cleanup costs while emphasizing the need for chemical manufacturers to test and disclose the health and environmental effects of PFAS compounds. In addition, the sources, types, properties, applications, distribution, toxicological implications, regulations, and analytical methods associated with PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are explored. The effectiveness of the remedial methods described in this paper needs to be progressively tested while exploring other sustainable approaches.

关键词： Emerging Contaminants Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Non-Polymeric Chemicals Remediation Ethics Public Health

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Investigating the Air Quality Parameters in Louisiana’s Industrial Corridor: A Baton Rouge Case Study

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第7期12卷 139-164页

作者： Oluwafemi awolesi Peter G. Oni Oluwatoyin K. Adekoya Seyi B. Adekoya Oluwafeyikemi D. Ogunmusi Fatemeh Ghafari Abosede Oje Odunayo Lawal Department of Environmental Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Department of Construction Management Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester USA Department of Water Resource Policy Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids USA Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology The University of New Mexico Albuquerque USA Department of Chemistry University of Louisiana Lafayette USA Research & Development Unit Ecoxygiene Services Limited Lagos Nigeria

In a local context, sustainable development entails utilizing the current resources—material and immaterial, measurable and immeasurable, popular and unpopular—of the community in a manner that avoids overexploitation and ensures intergenerational equity. This approach prioritizes the safety and health of local citizens, placing communal productivity above corporate profitability. This research aims to assess air quality surrounding 28 chemical industry sites in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, to understand the environmental and health impacts of industrial pollutants, with a focus on environmental justice. Air quality pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, CO, and SO2, were monitored for 75 days during the Summer, using the BreezoMeter app. Python, Mapize, and QGIS software technologies were utilized for data analysis and visualization. Findings indicate a reduction in NO2 and CO levels, compared to existing literature. However, the persistent challenge of particulate matter suggests areas for further environmental management efforts. Additionally, the research suggests a significant disparity in air pollution exposure, probably affecting marginalized communities. Although the nature of the study might not fully capture annual pollution trends, the findings highlight the urgent need for the chemical industry to adopt efficient production methods and for policymakers to enhance air quality standards and enforcement, particularly in pollution-sensitive areas. The disproportionate impact of air pollution on vulnerable communities calls for a more inclusive approach to environmental justice, ensuring equitable distribution of clean air benefits and community involvement in pollution management decisions.

关键词： Air Quality Monitoring Chemical Industry Pollution Environmental Justice Health Implications Particulate Matter Case Study

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Microplastics and Nano-Plastics: From Initiation to Termination

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第1期11卷 249-280页

作者： Oluwafemi awolesi Peter Oni Beatrice Arwenyo Department of Environmental Science Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Ecoxygiene Services Limited Opebi Rd Opebi Lagos State Nigeria Department of Chemistry Mississippi State University Starkville USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester USA Department of Chemistry Gulu University Gulu Uganda

Following the advent of the Industrial Revolution, plastic pollution has been a serious environmental issue while micro- and nano-plastics have been a cynosure of researchers’ attention in the twenty-first century. This is due to the improved knowledge of its ecotoxicological effects and the global pushforward towards sustainability. There is a growing concern that the increasing presence of microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) in aquatic habitats poses a threat to marine life, and it is predicted that nanoplastics will be just as ubiquitous as macro- and micro-plastics, but far more destructive to living organisms due to their ability to infiltrate cells. Recent research has shown that marine and freshwater biota become entangled with plastic litter, which disrupts the ecosystem. Aquatic creatures are known to absorb and deposit these new pollutants in their digestive systems, as has been documented in several studies. More recent research has also examined their co-occurrence and toxicity with other emerging contaminants, including their prevalence and effects in food, air, and soil. Using articles extracted from a six-year period from Scopus, ACS Publications and Google Scholar, this review explores the origins, fates, occurrence in the food chain, exposure routes, cellular interactions of microplastics and nano-plastics, in addition to the ecotoxicological impacts, analytical methods, and the potential remedies for combating pollution and toxicity. Ultimately, this review is a comprehensive, updated addendum to available reviews on micro- and nano-plastics.

关键词： Microplastics Nano-Plastics Occurrence Transport Toxicity Environmental Health Remediation

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Understanding the Perceptions and Practices of Homeowners in the Event of Hurricane: A Case Study of University Employees in Louisiana

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第5期11卷 226-242页

作者： Oluwafemi awolesi Natalie Matherne Victoria Horton Mattie Prosser Peter Oni Odunayo Lawal Department of Environmental Science Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Department of Construction Management Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Research & Development Unit Ecoxygiene Services Limited Lagos Nigeria Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester USA

The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore and gain an understanding of Louisiana homeowners’ perceptions and practices in preparing for hurricanes;contribute to academic research and student learning, while guiding the development of future projects. We focused specifically on how homeowners in Louisiana would protect their important documents and possessions. These documents and possessions include but are not limited to photographs, social security cards, birth certificates, and insurance paperwork. We collected the data throughout the fall semester of 2022 at Louisiana State University (LSU) by conducting a focus group and in-depth interviews. We collected a variety of answers, but most participants expressed a strong need to have their important documents and possessions protected and gave different strategies for how this was carried out, such as digitizing or protective storage. Participants also expressed a strong need for more information to be delivered to residents to talk more about ways they can protect their own documents and possessions. Emphases were also made on the need for: leaders of large institutions to be especially concerned with preparedness for vulnerable populations;outreach programs to be put in place to spread awareness of the importance of protecting important documents and possessions during a disaster;news outlets to switch their focus from normal survival tips to discussions on the importance of protecting documents and possessions;government and non-profit agencies to work together to share tips and information through social media and other forms of handouts.

关键词： Hurricanes Disaster Preparedness Environmental Education Climate Change

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Microplastics in Marine Environment: Occurrence, Distribution, and Extraction Methods in Marine Organisms

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第12期13卷 931-955页

作者： Boluwatife S. Olubusoye Peter Oni Faustina Owusu Oluwatoyin Adekoya Acaye Ongwech Daniel A. Odogwu Oluwafemi awolesi Ayobami Oje Beatrice Arwenyo Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi Oxford USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester USA Department of Environmental Science Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Department of Water Resource Policy Grand Valley State University Grand Rapids USA Department of Chemistry Gulu University Gulu Uganda Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Brigham Young University Provo USA Research and Development Unit Ecoxygiene Services Limited Lagos Nigeria Department of Agricultural Engineering Federal University of Technology Akure Akure Nigeria

The pervasive presence of microplastics in marine environments has raised significant concerns. This review addresses the pressing issue of microplastic pollution in marine ecosystems and its potential implications for both the environment and human health. It outlines the current state of microplastic occurrence, distribution, and extraction methods within marine organisms. Microplastics have emerged as a significant environmental concern due to their harmful effects on ecosystems and their potential human health risks. These particles infiltrate marine environments through runoff and atmospheric deposition, ultimately contaminating beaches and posing threats to marine life. Despite the gravity of this issue, there has been limited research on the presence and distribution of microplastics in marine organisms. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap by comprehensively examining the occurrence, distribution, and various extraction methods used to detect microplastics in marine organisms. It emphasizes the urgent need for targeted measures to manage microplastic pollution, highlights the significant role of human activities in contributing to this problem, and underscores the importance of reducing human-induced pollution to safeguard marine ecosystems. While this paper contributes to the understanding of microplastic pollution in marine environments and underscores the critical importance of taking action to protect marine organisms and preserve our oceans for future generations, it also emphasizes that, in effectively tackling the microplastic problem, a well-coordinated approach is essential, involving research initiatives, policy adjustments, public involvement, and innovative technologies. Crucially, prompt and resolute responses must exist to counteract the escalating peril posed by microplastics to the oceans and the global environment.

关键词： Microplastics Marine Environment Marine Organisms Extraction Methods Ecological Impact Ocean Pollution

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