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Enhancement of Theobroma cacaoSeedling Growth and Tolerance to Phytophthora megakaryaby Heat-Treated Oyster Shell Powder

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第4期10卷 578-594页

作者： Tene Tayo Paul Martial Dzelamonyuy Aristide omokolo ndoumou denis Boudjeko Thaddée Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Plant Valorization Biotechnology Center University of Yaoundé I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biological Science Laboratory of Plant Physiology Higher Teacher’s Training College Yaounde Cameroon

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of oyster shell powder soil amendment to enhance cocoa seedling growth and induce resistance against Phytophthora megakarya in nurseries. The results showed that heat-treated oyster shells powder at 1% (w/w) soil amendment significantly increased plant height, leaf number, leaf area, dry shoot and root weight more than chemical fungicide and control treatment after twelve weeks of growth. The results showed that heat-treated oyster shell powder raised soil pH significantly and reduced P. megakarya load of the soil suspension by 82%. Assessment of resistance stimulation by leaf inoculation showed the highest level of resistance recorded in plants treated either with heat-treated or non-treated oyster shell powder. Furthermore, total phenolic compounds contents, total soluble proteins contents, polyphenoloxidase, chitinase, peroxidase and β-1,3-glucanases activities increased in both healthy or infected leaves from cacao plants treated with oyster shell powder more than those treated with chemical fungicide. These findings demonstrated that heat-treated oyster shell powder could be used as biofertilizer and biofungicide to improve the quality of cocoa seedling production and protect the plant against P. megakarya.

关键词： Cocoa Seedling Phytophthora megakarya Oyster Shell Biofungicide

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Influence of Exogenous Auxins on Phenolic Compounds Contents and Polyphenol oxidasic and Peroxidasic Activities in Root Differentiation in Gnetumspp.

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第8期10卷 1073-1089页

作者： Minyaka Emile Simo Claude Medueghue Fofou Apollin Oumar Doungous Jetro Nkengafac Njukeng Niemenak Nicolas omokolo ndoumou denis Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Laboratory of Plant Physiology Department of Biological Sciences Higher Teacher’s Training College Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science Douala Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Buea Cameroon

Root failure is a key limiting factor in Gnetum spp. domestication and production of plants materials for farming. To overcome, root failure in Gnetum spp. may depend on adequate strategies set up and understanding of biochemical markers controlling the rooting process. The present work is principally based on phenolic compounds contents, peroxidasic and polyphenol oxidasic activities during rooting of cuttings (pretreated with IBA, ANA and IAA) at induction, initiation and expression phases of roots formation in Gnetum africanum Welw. and G. buchholzianum Engl. The study revealed that cuttings pretreated with IBA (150 mg/l) were more effective than IAA and NAA. Phenolic compounds analysis revealed that cuttings pretreated with IBA exhibited high phenolic compound contents at initiation and expression phases for both Gnetum species. Indicating that IBA pretreatment promotes phenolic compounds synthesis and accumulation necessary for roots differentiation. Enzyme contents appear to be high during the initiation stage for both species when they are pretreated with IBA (150 mg/l). Peroxidasic and Polyphenol oxidasic activities evolved on the synchroneous maner. This allows us to know that the implication of these enzymes in the rooting process is fundamental makers.

关键词： Gnetum (spp.) Biodiversity Rhizogenesis Biochemical Markers Hormones

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