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Democratization of ecosystem services--a radical approach for assessing nature's benefits in the face of urbanization

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2018年第5期4卷 2-18页

作者： Melissa R.McHale Scott M.Beck Steward T.A.Pickett Daniel l.Childers Mary l.Cadenasso louie Rivers iii louise Swemmer liesel Ebersohn Wayne Twine David N Bunn Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA School of Animal Plantand Environmental SciencesUniversity of the Witwatersr andJohannesburgSouth Africa Natural Resource Ecology lab Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA Wits City Institute University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies MillbrookNYUSA School of Sustainability Arizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA South African National Parks Kruger National ParkPhalaborwaSouth Africa Centre for the Study of Resilience University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa Geography&Environmental Management&Energy Studies University of Johannesburg

Objectives:(1)To evaluate how ecosystem services may be utilized to either reinforce or fracture the planning and development practices that emerged from segregation and eco-nomic exclusion;(2)To survey the current state of ecosystem service assessments and synthesize a growing number of recommendations from the literature for renovating ecosys-tem service ***:Utilizing current maps of ecosystem service distribution in Bushbuckridge local Municipality,South Africa,we considered how a democratized process of assessing ecosys-tem services will produce a more nuanced representation of diverse values in society and capture heterogeneity in ecosystem structure and ***:We propose interventions for assessing ecosystem services that are inclusive of a broad range of stakeholders'values and result in actual quantification of social and ecological *** demonstrate how to operationalize a pluralistic framework for ecosystem service ***:A democratized approach to ecosystem service assessments is a reimagined path to rescuing a poorly implemented concept and designing and managing future social-ecological systems that benefit people and support ecosystem *** is the responsi-bility of scientists who do ecosystem services research to embrace more complex,pluralistic frameworks so that sound and inclusive scientific information is utilized in decision-making.

关键词： Ecosystem services social-ecological systems heterogeneity landcover,pluralistic deliberative

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Debaryomyces hansenii supplementation in low fish meal diets promotes growth,modulates microbiota and enhances intestinal condition in juvenile marine fish

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 253-276页

作者： Ignasi Sanahuja Alberto Ruiz Joana P.Firmino Felipe E.Reyes-lópez Juan B.Ortiz-Delgado Eva Vallejos-Vidal lluis Tort Dariel Tovar-Ramírez Isabel M.Cerezo Miguel A.Moriñigo Carmen Sarasquete Enric Gisbert Aquaculture Program Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology(IRTA)La Rapita 43540Spain Centro de Biotecnologia Acuicola Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia(ICMAN-CSIC) Avda.Republica Saharaui no 2Campus Universitario Rio San PedroPuerto RealCadiz 11510Spain Nucleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronomicas Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y AgronomiaUniversidad de Las AmericasSantiagoChile Department of Cell Biology Physiologyand ImmunologyUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste SC CIBNORLa PazMexico Department of Microbiology Instituto de Biotecnologia Y Desarrollo Azul(IBYDA)Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Malaga29010 MalagaSpain SCBI Bioinformatic UnitUniversity of Malaga29590 MalagaSpain

Background The development of a sustainable business model with social acceptance,makes necessary to develop new strategies to guarantee the growth,health,and well-being of farmed *** hansenii is a yeast species that can be used as a probiotic in aquaculture due to its capacity to i)promote cell proliferation and differen-tiation,ii)have immunostimulatory effects,iii)modulate gut microbiota,and/or iv)enhance the digestive *** provide inside into the effects of *** on juveniles of gilthead seabream(Sparus aurata)condition,we inte-grated the evaluation of the main key performance indicators coupled with the integrative analysis of the intestine condition,through histological and microbiota state,and its transcriptomic *** After 70 days of a nutritional trial in which a diet with low levels of fishmeal(7%)was supplemented with 1.1%of ***(17.2×10^(5) CFU),an increase of ca.12%in somatic growth was observed together with an improve-ment in feed conversion in fish fed a yeast-supplemented *** terms of intestinal condition,this probiotic modu-lated gut microbiota without affecting the intestine cell organization,whereas an increase in the staining intensity of mucins rich in carboxylated and weakly sulphated glycoconjugates coupled with changes in the affinity for certain lectins were noted in goblet *** in microbiota were characterized by the reduction in abundance of several groups of Proteobacteria,especially those characterized as opportunistic *** microarrays-based transcrip-tomic analysis found 232 differential expressed genes in the anterior-mid intestine of ***,that were mostly related to metabolic,antioxidant,immune,and symbiotic *** Dietary administration of *** enhanced somatic growth and improved feed efficiency param-eters,results that were coupled to an improvement of intestinal condition as histochemical and transcriptomic tools *** probiotic ye

关键词： Debaryomyces hansenii Intestine condition low fish meal diet Microbiota Transcriptomics Yeast probiotic

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The Effects of Trehalose on the Bioluminescence and Pigmentation of the Phase I Variant of Photorhabdus luminescens

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Journal of life Sciences 2012年第2期6卷 119-129页

作者： Floyd l. Inman iii leonard D. Holmes Sartorius-Stedim Biotechnology laboratory Biotechnology Research and Training Center University of North Carolina PembrokeNC 28372 USA

Photorhabdus luminescens is a Gram-negative, bioluminescent, pigment producing enteric bacterium, which is pathogenic to insects and has the capability to undergo phase variation. The phase I variant of P. luminescens exists as a mutualistic symbiont where it plays a critical role in the life-cycle of the soil-dwelling nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Both the bacterium and the nematode receive their nutritional requirements from the bioconversion of the insect host which is rich in many macromolecules such as the disaccharide, trehalose. Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide of glucose that is formed by an a-1,1-glycosidic bond and is associated with the physiology of many bacteria, insects and nematodes. Trehalose has been shown to be the most abundant storage sugar found within insect hemolymph （1%-2%）. The physicochemical properties of trehalose allow this carbohydrate to act as a stress protectant where it has been implicated with thermal stress, dehydration, and osmotic protection of many microorganisms. Due to these properties, trehalose may allow culture stability of the phase I variant in vitro and in vivo. Traits of the phase I variant that were studied in this work include bioluminescence and the production of the red anthroquinone-derived pigment. The carbohydrates that were utilized in this study were glucose and trehalose; where shake flask cultures of the phase I variant were cultured at room temperature for up to six days in carbohydrate supplemented basal media with increasing carbohydrate concentrations of 0. 1%, 0.5% and 1.0% （v/v）. Relative luminosity, pigmentation and pH were graphed as a function of time, carbohydrate used, and carbohydrate concentration. Data obtained from this study suggests that the supplementation of 1.0% trehalose, when culturing the phase I variant ofP. luminescens, can maintain bioluminosity and pigmentation over extended periods of time （five days） as compared to basal media and basal media supplemented with

关键词： Trehalose Photorhabdus luminescens pigmentation bioluminescence Heterorhabditis bacteriophora.

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Phonon imaging in 3D with a fibre probe

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light(Science & Applications) 2021年第6期10卷 1007-1019页

作者： Salvatore la Cavera iii Fernando Perez-Cota Richard JSmith Matt Clark Optics and Photonics Group Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG72RDUK

We show for the first time that a single ultrasonic imaging fibre is capable of simultaneously accessing 3D spatial information and mechanical properties from microscopic *** novel measurement system consists of two ultrafast lasers that excite and detect high-frequency ultrasound from a nano-transducer that was fabricated onto the tip of a single-mode optical fibre.A signal processing technique was also developed to extract nanometric in-depth spatial measurements from GHz frequency acoustic waves,while still allowing Brillouin spectroscopy in the frequency ***-free and non-contact imaging performance was demonstrated on various polymer *** singular device is equipped with optical lateral resolution,2.5μm,and a depth-profiling precision of 45 nm provided by *** endoscopic potential for this device is exhibited by extrapolating the single fibre to tens of thousands of fibres in an imaging *** a device catalyses future phonon endomicroscopy technology that brings the prospect of label-free in vivo histology within reach.

关键词： fibre equipped acoustics

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Rapid Determination of Gold during Plating Operations by Portable X-Ray Fluorescence

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2014年第17期5卷 1178-1183页

作者： Brandon J. burnett Andrew Giles Arthur l. Anderson Terry Darger Edward Walker Department of Chemistry Snow College Richfield UT USA Department of Chemistry Weber State University Ogden UT USA Gold Plating Services Layton UT USA

We present the analysis of gold in plating solutions in the presence of several additive ions by portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) revealing an optimum potassium gold cyanide concentration of 2 - 3 g/l for maximum cathode efficiency. Additionally, we present the utility of XRF to determine the thickness of gold plated on copper substrates up to 6 microns.

关键词： Cathode Efficiency Electrochemistry Gold Plating X-Ray Fluorescence

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Distal small bowel motility and lipid absorption in patients following abdominal aortic aneurysm repair surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第4期12卷 582-587页

作者： Robert J Fraser Marc Ritz Addolorata C Di Matteo Rosalie Vozzo Monika Kwiatek Robert Foreman Brendan Stanley Jack Walsh Jim burnett Paul Jury John Dent Department of Medicine University of AdelaideSouth Australia Department of Gastroenterology Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide South Australia Vascular Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital AdelaideSouth Australia Gastrointestinal Investigation Unit Repatriation General Hospital Daw Park South Australia Vascular Unit Repatriation General Hospital Daw Park SouthAustralia

AIM： To investigate distal small bowel motility and lipid absorption in patients following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） repair surgery, METHODS： Nine patients （aged 35-78 years; body mass index （BMI） range： 23-36 kg/m2） post-surgery for AAA repair, and seven healthy control subjects （20-50 years; BMI range： 21-29 kg/m^2） were studied, Continuous distal small bowel manometry was performed for up to 72 h, during periods of fasting and enteral feeding （Nutrison）. Recordings were analyzed for the frequency, odgin, length of migration, and direction of small intestinal burst activity. lipid absorption was assessed on the first day and the third day post surgery in a subset of patients using the ^13C-triolein-breath test, and compared with healthy controls. Subjects received a 20-min intraduodenal infusion of 50 ml liquid feed mixed with 200μl ^13C-triolein. End-expiratory breath samples were collected for 6 h and analyzed for ^13CO2 concentration. RESUlTS： The frequency of burst activity in the proximal and distal small intestine was higher in patients than in healthy subjects, under both fasting and fed conditions （P〈 0.005）. In patients there was a higher proportion of abnormally propagated bursts （71% abnormal）, which began to normalize by d 3 （25% abnormal） *** absorption data was available for seven patients on d 1 and four patients on d 3 post surgery. In patients, absorption on d 1 post-surgery was half that of healthy control subjects （AUC ^13CO2 1323±244 vs 2646±365; P〈0.05, respectively）, and was reduced to the one-fitch that of healthy controls by d 3 （AUC ^13CO2 470±832 vs 2646±365; P〈 0.05, respectively）. CONClUSION： Both proximal and distal small intestinal motor activity are transiently disrupted in critically ill patients immediately after major surgery, with abnormal motility patterns extending as far as the ileum. These motor disturbances may contribute to impaired absorption of enteral nutrition, especially when intralumi

关键词： Critical illness Small intestine Motility lipid absorption

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Aged Vacuum Packaged lamb Cuts Are less Brown than Fresh Muscle Cuts under Simulated Retail Display

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第8期4卷 147-153页

作者： Eric N. Ponnampalam Kym l. Butler Viv F. burnett Matthew B. McDonagh Joe l. Jacobs David l. Hopkins Department of Primary Industries Rutherglen Australia Department of Primary Industries Warrnambool Australia Department of Primary Industries Werribee Australia Department of Primary Industries Werribee Australia NSW Depart- ment of Primary Industries Beef Industry Centre of Excellence University of New England Armidale Australia NSW Department of Primary Industries Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development Cowra Australia.

Fifty four, seven month old lambs, that had grazed perennial or annual pasture, were slaughtered and at 24 h post mortem m. longissimus lumborum samples were collected. Half of the fresh muscle section was sliced into three pieces and overwrapped with 15 micron polyvinyl chloride film and displayed under light (lux = 1500) at 3℃ - 4℃. The remainder of the muscle section was vacuum packaged and aged for 4 weeks at 3℃, before slicing and display. Surface brownness and redness were measured over 3 days of simulated retail display. Aging in vacuum packs led to substantially less brownness and greater redness compared with fresh meat, over the entire three days of display. It was concluded that aging in vacuum packs could be a useful strategy for improving consumer acceptability of retail lamb in local markets, even where there is no logistical or transport need to extend the life of the meat.

关键词： Meat Colour Vacuum Packaging Brownness Formation Redness Retention Shelf life Antioxidant Status lamb

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Almond Consumption Is Associated with Better Nutrient Intake, Nutrient Adequacy, and Diet Quality in Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2010

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第7期7卷 504-515页

作者： Carol E. O’Neil Theresa A. Nicklas Victor l. Fulgoni iii louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA USA USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA Nutrition Impact LLC Battle Creek MI USA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between almond consumption, the most widely consumed tree nut in the US, and nutrient intake, nutrient adequacy, diet quality, and weight/adiposity in adults. Methods: Data from adults (N=24,808), 19+ years, participating in the NHANES 2001-2010 were used. The NCI method was used to estimate the usual intake of almonds and selected nutrients. Almond consumers were defined as those consuming any amount of almonds/almond butter. Percentages of the consumers/non-consumers below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or above the Adequate Intake (AI) for select nutrients were determined. To assess significant differences for the percentage of almond consumers vs. non-consumers with intakes less than the EAR or above the AI, a Z-statistic for differences in population proportions was used. Covariate-controlled linear regression was used to determine differences in diet quality, measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), between the consumer groups. Body mass indices and waist circumference were assessed. P was set at p lts: Almond consumers were more likely to be non-Hispanic white, older, of higher income, more physically active, and were less likely to be a current smoker than non-consumers. Usual intake of almonds among consumers was 29.5 ± 1.5 g/day. Usual intake of protein;dietary fiber;vitamins A, D, E, and C;thiamin;niacin;riboflavin;folate, calcium, copper, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, and potassium was higher in almond consumers. Almond consumers were less likely to be below the EAR for protein, vitamins A, D, E, B12, and C;riboflavin;calcium;copper;magnesium;iron;phosphorus;and zinc. They were also more likely to be above the AI for dietary fiber and potassium. Total HEI-2010 scores were approximately 15 points higher in almond consumers. Body mass indices and waist circumference measures were lower in almond consumers. Conclusions: Moderate consumption of

关键词： Almond Consumption Tree Nut Consumption Diet Quality Nutrients Nutrient Adequacy Adults NHANES

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Association Analysis of the Amino Acid Contents in Rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第12期51卷 1126-1137页

作者： Weiguo Zhao Eun-Jin Park Jong-Wook Chung Yong-Jin Park iii-Min Chung Joung-Kuk Ahn Gwang-Ho Kim Department of Appfied Bioscience Konkuk University Seou1143-701 Korea Seficultural Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212018 China Department of Plant Resources Coflege of Industrial Science Kongju National University Yesan 340-802 Korea

The main objective of the present study was to identify simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers associated with the amino acid content of rice （Oryza sativa l.）. SSR markers were selected by prescreening for the relationship to amino acid content. Eighty-four rice landrace accessions from Korea were evaluated for 16 kinds of amino acids in brown rice and ganotyped with 25 SSR markers. Analysis of population structure revealed four subgroups in the population. linkage disequilibrium （lD） patterns and distributions are of fundamental importance for genome-wide mapping associations. The mean r^2 value for all intrachromosomal loci pairs was 0.033. lD between linked markers decreased with distance. Marker-trait associations were investigated using the unified mixed-model approach, considering both population structure （Q） and kinship （K）. A total of 42 marker-trait associations with amino acids （P 〈 0.05） were identified using 15 different SSR markers covering three chromosomes and explaining more than 40% of the total variation. These results suggest that association analysis in rice is a viable alternative to quantitative trait loci mapping and should help rice breeders develop strategies for improving rice quality.

关键词： Amino acid content association mapping linkage disequilibrium population structure simple sequence repeats.

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空调冷却塔水与空气军团菌的PCR方法快速检测

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环境科学 2000年第4期21卷 78-81页

作者：陈维田 J.burnett 陆勇军邓栢澧周世宁香港理工大学中山大学生命科学学院广州510275

应用 Enviro Amp PCR-反向杂交法 (涉及 5S r RNA基因和 mip基因 )和半巢式 PCR(涉及 1 6S r RNA基因 )成功检测人工气溶胶化的军团菌 ,这些方法进一步用于检测空调系统冷却塔的水及由其产生的气溶胶中的军团菌 ,从空气样品中检测到军... 详细信息

应用 Enviro Amp PCR-反向杂交法 (涉及 5S r RNA基因和 mip基因 )和半巢式 PCR(涉及 1 6S r RNA基因 )成功检测人工气溶胶化的军团菌 ,这些方法进一步用于检测空调系统冷却塔的水及由其产生的气溶胶中的军团菌 ,从空气样品中检测到军团菌属及嗜肺军团菌 .检测的冷却塔水样品 1 0 0 %含军团菌属细菌 ,其中 41 .6%含嗜肺军团菌 .2种方法相比 ,半巢式 PCR法更经济、方便 .

关键词：军菌菌冷却塔 PCR 冷却水水质监测快速检测

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