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Environmental Assessment of Natural &Anthropogenic Hazards and Impact on Seawater Desalination along Red Sea Coast of Saudi Arabia

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第4期5卷 414-426页

作者： omar siraj aburizaiza Nayyer Alam Zaigham Zeeshan A. Nayyar Gohar A. Mahar Azhar Siddiq Sabahat Noor Unit for Ain Zubaida Rehabilitation & Groundwater Research King Abdulaziz University Jeddah KSA University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan

The major part of the eastern coastline of Red Sea belongs to Saudi Arabia, which provides great potential for desalination activities, but not entirely free of risk as in general it is not environment-friendly. In recent years, the rapid urbanization processes on west coast of Kingdom have resulted in substantial growth of commercial and industrial centers that added to more water demand. As a consequence, reliance on desalinated water has increased markedly over the last few decades. As a leading producer of desalinated water, Saudi Arabia used to process more than 3.29 million m3/day from its plants along the Red Sea coast. At the same time, any adequate backup plan lacks to meet regular water demand(s) in case of unforeseen emergencies. Present integrated research studies have identified some of the natural and anthropogenic hazards, which may pose major threats to quality of seawater as well as to the desalination facilities themselves. In view of these hazardous conditions, the overwhelming dependence on seawater desalination appears to be in jeopardy and may affect water management strategy and future socioeconomic development. It is therefore suggested the need of alternate options for cultivation of standby water resources and other management strategies parallel to the seawater desalination on similar priorities.

关键词： Natural Hazards Red Sea Desalination Water Management Saudi Arabia

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Biochemical studies on malathion resistance, inheritance and association of carboxylesterase activity in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens complex in Peninsular Malaysia

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Insect Science 2010年第6期17卷 517-526页

作者： M. A. Latif Mohd Yosuh omar Soon Guan Tan S.S. siraj Abdul Rahim Ismail Department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture Department of Biology Faculty of Science Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Faculty of Biotechnology and Molecular Science Department of Aquaculture Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor Malaysia

Two sympatric populations of brown planthopper （BPH）, one from rice and the other from Leersia hexandra were collected from each of five locations in Malaysia. All the tested malathion-resistant individuals of the rice BPH population and F1 generation （cross between malathion-resistant [usually caught on rice] and malathion- susceptible [usually caught on Leersia]） showed high esterase activity, while all malathion- susceptible individuals on L. hexandra showed low esterase activity. In the F2 generation, all the individuals tested against malathion were approximately 75% resistant and 25% susceptible and the inheritance pattern of esterase activity （high and low esterase activity） segregated in the same manner to a 3：1 ratio. This confirms that resistance to malathion is mono-factorial and inheritance pattern ofesterase activity is also linked to malathion resistance. Carboxylesterase or total esterase activity in BPH is inherited in a simple Mendelian fashion that is encoded by a single dominant gene. For the total esterase assay, average esterase activity levels in the rice-infesting population ranged from 17.64 to 19.37 nmoles 1-napthol/mg protein while that in the Leersia-infesting population ranged from 5.29 to 6.11 nmoles 1-napthol/mg protein. In terms of esterase activity, the two sympatric Nilaparvata lugens populations separated into two distinct groups. Results based on the tube color intensity test showed 96% and 98% resistant and susceptible individuals were present in the rice- and Leersia-infesting populations, respectively. In a filter paper test, the rice-infesting population had 94% with high esterase activity while the Leersia-infesting population had 96% with low esterase activity.

关键词： brown planthopper carboxylesterase assay inheritance study insecticide resistance rice

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