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The Awareness of Keratoconus among General Population in Saudi Arabia

Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2021年第1期11卷 49-59页

作者： Rahaf Mohammed Alruwaili Abeer Surihan Alharbi omar Ali Alghamdi Yahya Abdulrahman Alyahya Nouf Mohammed Albalawi Sameer Sohail Alostaz omar ahmed asiri Khalid Alarfaj College of Medicine Jouf University Sakaka Saudi Arabia Ophthalmology Department Ohud Hospital Madina Saudi Arabia Ophthalmology Department King Fahad Hospital Albaha Saudi Arabia Ophthalmology Department Burydah Central Hospital Qassim Saudi Arabia College of Medicine Tabuk University Tabuk Saudi Arabia Batterjee Medical College Jeddah Saudi Arabia Faculty of Medicine Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia Ophthalmology Department Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Keratoconus (KCN) is one of the degenerative corneal disorders, which causes impairment in normal visual acuity with a higher prevalence in Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge regarding KCN, its risk factors, and management among the Saudi population. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted using a pre-tested and validated questionnaire distributed through online platforms. A mixture of convenience and snowball sampling techniques was adopted for sample collection. Our analysis included a final sample size of 837 participant responses. The questionnaire had items related to sociodemographic characteristics (5 items), knowledge (10 items), and source of information (1 item). The mean knowledge scores were calculated and categorized (good, fair, and poor) to assess each participant’s knowledge. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to determine the statistical association between categorical variables. Results: The mean knowledge score was found to be 4.12 ± 2.6, and 67.5% of the participants showed “poor” scores. There was no statistically significant association of knowledge scores observed with any of the sociodemographic details. It was agreed by 76% and 42.5% that genetic predisposition and chronic eye inflammation could predispose to KCN. Only 38.1% (n = 157) agreed that KCN could be treated with optical glasses or contact lenses in the initial stages. Conclusion: The knowledge regarding KCN was not satisfactory among our study population. There is a need to create an increased level of awareness for KCN. Health awareness programs and community campaigns should be organized to raise awareness regarding KCN and better eye health care utilization.

关键词： Ophthalmology Inflammation Keratoconus Blindness

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Contrast Normalization Strategies in Brain Tumor Imaging:From Preprocessing to Classification

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1539-1562页

作者： Samar M.Alqhtani Toufique A.Soomro Faisal Bin Ubaid ahmed Ali Muhammad Irfan Abdullah A.asiri Department of Information Systems College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Electronic Engineering The University of LarkanoLarkanaSindh75660Pakistan Computer Science Department Sukkur IBA UniversitySukkurSindh65200Pakistan Eletrical Engineering Department Sukkur IBA UniversitySukkurSindh65200Pakistan Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Radiological Sciences Department College of Applied Medical SciencesNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia

Cancer-related to the nervous system and brain tumors is a leading cause of mortality in various *** resonance imaging(MRI)and computed tomography(CT)are utilized to capture brain *** plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of brain tumors and the examination of other brain ***,manual assessment of MRI images by radiologists or experts is performed to identify brain tumors and abnormalities in the early stages for timely ***,early diagnosis of brain tumors is intricate,necessitating the use of computerized *** research introduces an innovative approach for the automated segmentation of brain tumors and a framework for classifying different regions of brain *** proposed methods consist of a pipeline with several stages:preprocessing of brain images with noise removal based on Wiener Filtering,enhancing the brain using Principal Component Analysis(PCA)to obtain well-enhanced images,and then segmenting the region of interest using the Fuzzy C-Means(FCM)clustering technique in the third *** final step involves classification using the Support Vector Machine(SVM)*** classifier is applied to various types of brain tumors,such as meningioma and pituitary tumors,utilizing the Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging(CE-MRI)*** proposed method demonstrates significantly improved contrast and validates the effectiveness of the classification framework,achieving an average sensitivity of 0.974,specificity of 0.976,accuracy of 0.979,and a Dice Score(DSC)of ***,this method exhibits a shorter processing time of 0.44 s compared to existing *** performance of this method emphasizes its significance when compared to state-of-the-art methods in terms of sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,and *** enhance the method further in the future,it is feasible to standardize the approach by incorporating a set of classifiers to increase the robustness of the brain classi

关键词： Brain tumor magnetic resonance imaging principal component analysis fuzzy c-clustering support vector machine

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Secure and Reliable Routing in the Internet of Vehicles Network:AODV-RL with BHA Attack Defense

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 633-659页

作者： Nadeem ahmed Khalid Mohammadani Ali Kashif Bashir Marwan omar Angel Jones Fayaz Hassan School of Electronic Science Beijing University of Post and TelecommunicationBeijing100086China Department of Computer Science Huanggang Normal UniversityHuanggangChina Department of Computing and Mathematics Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK Woxsen School of Business Woxsen UniversityHyderabad502345India Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityBeirutLebanon Information Technology and Management Illinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoUSA College of Computing Capital Technology UniversityLaurelUSA

Wireless technology is transforming the future of transportation through the development of the Internet of Vehicles(IoV).However,intricate security challenges are intertwinedwith technological progress:Vehicular ad hoc Networks(VANETs),a core component of IoV,face security issues,particularly the Black Hole Attack(BHA).This malicious attack disrupts the seamless flow of data and threatens the network’s overall reliability;also,BHA strategically disrupts communication pathways by dropping data packets from legitimate nodes *** the importance of this challenge,we have introduced a new solution called ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector-Reputation-based mechanism Local Outlier Factor(AODV-RL).The significance of AODVRL lies in its unique approach:it verifies and confirms the trustworthiness of network components,providing robust protection against *** additional safety layer is established by implementing the Local Outlier Factor(LOF),which detects and addresses abnormal network *** testing of our solution has revealed its remarkable ability to enhance communication in ***,Our experimental results achieve message delivery ratios of up to 94.25%andminimal packet loss ratios of just 0.297%.Based on our experimental results,the proposedmechanismsignificantly improves VANET communication reliability and *** results promise a more secure and dependable future for IoV,capable of transforming transportation safety and efficiency.

关键词： Black hole attack IoV vehicular ad hoc network AODV routing protocol

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RPL-Based IoT Networks under Decreased Rank Attack:Performance Analysis in Static and Mobile Environments

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 227-247页

作者： Amal Hkiri Mouna Karmani omar Ben Bahri ahmed Mohammed Murayr Fawaz Hassan Alasmari Mohsen Machhout Physic Department Electronics and Micro-Electronics LaboratoryFaculty of Sciences of MonastirMonastir5000Tunisia Department of Science and Technology College of RanyahTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia

The RPL(IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks)protocol is essential for efficient communi-cation within the Internet of Things(IoT)*** its significance,RPL’s susceptibility to attacks remains a *** paper presents a comprehensive simulation-based analysis of the RPL protocol’s vulnerability to the decreased rank attack in both static andmobilenetwork *** employ the Random Direction Mobility Model(RDM)for mobile scenarios within the Cooja *** systematic evaluation focuses on critical performance metrics,including Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR),Average End to End Delay(AE2ED),throughput,Expected Transmission Count(ETX),and Average Power Consumption(APC).Our findings illuminate the disruptive impact of this attack on the routing hierarchy,resulting in decreased PDR and throughput,increased AE2ED,ETX,and *** results underscore the urgent need for robust security measures to protect RPL-based IoT ***,our study emphasizes the exacerbated impact of the attack in mobile scenarios,highlighting the evolving security requirements of IoT networks.

关键词： RPL decreased rank attacks mobility random direction model

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Engineering nanomedicines for immunogenic eradication of cancer cells:Recent trends and synergistic approaches

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第6期14卷 2475-2504页

作者： ahmed O.Elzoghby omar Samir Hagar E.Emam ahmed Soliman Riham M.Abdelgalil Yomna M.Elmorshedy Kadria A.Elkhodairy Mahmoud L.Nasr Division of Engineering in Medicine and Division of Renal Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBoston 02115MAUSA Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory(CNRL) Faculty of PharmacyAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21521Egypt

Resistance to cancer immunotherapy is mainly attributed to poor tumor immunogenicity as well as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME)leading to failure of immune *** therapeutic strategies including chemotherapy,radiotherapy,photodynamic,photothermal,magnetic,chemodynamic,sonodynamic and oncolytic therapy,have been developed to induce immunogenic cell death(ICD)of cancer cells and thereby elicit immunogenicity and boost the antitumor immune ***,many challenges hamper the clinical application of ICD inducers resulting in modest immunogenic ***,we outline the current state of using nanomedicines for boosting ICD of cancer ***,synergistic approaches used in combination with ICD inducing nanomedicines for remodeling the TME via targeting immune checkpoints,phagocytosis,macrophage polarization,tumor hypoxia,autophagy and stromal modulation to enhance immunogenicity of dying cancer cells were *** further highlight the emerging trends of using nanomaterials for triggering amplified ICD-mediated antitumor immune *** reticulum localized ICD,focused ultrasound hyperthermia,cell membrane camouflaged nanomedicines,amplified reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,metallo-immunotherapy,ion modulators and engineered bacteria are among the most innovative *** challenges,merits and demerits of ICD inducer nanomedicines were also discussed with shedding light on the future role of this technology in improving the outcomes of cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： Immunogenic cell death Immunogenic eradication Nanomedicines Drug delivery Cancer immunotherapy Antitumor immunity T cells Tumor associated antigens Synergistic immune response

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Burden of routine orthopedic implant removal a single center retrospective study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期15卷 139-146页

作者： Ammar K AlOmran Nader Alosaimi ahmed A Alshaikhi omar M Bakhurji Khalid J Alzahrani Basil Ziyad Salloot Tamim omar Alabduladhem ahmed I AlMulhim Arwa Alumran Department of Orthopedic College of MedicineImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam 31441Saudi Arabia Health Information Management and Technology Department Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam 31441Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND Open reduction and internal fixation represent prevalent orthopedic procedures,sparking ongoing discourse over whether to retain or remove asymptomatic *** consensus on this matter is paramount for orthopedic *** study aims to quantify the impact of routine implant removal on patients and healthcare facilities.A retrospective analysis of implant removal cases from 2016 to 2022 at King Fahad Hospital of the University(KFHU)was conducted and subjected to statistical *** these cases,44%necessitated hospitalization exceeding one day,while 56%required only a single *** exhibited a 55%need for extended hospital stays,contrasting with 22.8%among the pediatric *** complication rate was 6%,with all patients experiencing at least one ***,34.1%required sick leave and 4.8%exceeded 14 *** anesthesia was predominant(88%).Routine implant removal introduces unwarranted complications,particularly in adults,potentially prolonging *** procedure strains hospital resources,tying up the operating room that could otherwise accommodate critical *** defined institutional guidelines are imperative to regulate this *** To measure the burden of routine implant removal on the patients and *** This is a retrospective analysis study of 167 routine implant removal cases treated at KFHU,a tertiary hospital in Saudi *** were collected in the orthopedic department at KFHU from February 2016 to August 2022,which includes routine asymptomatic implant removal cases across all age *** indications such as infection,pain,implant failure,malunion,nonunion,restricted range of motion,and prominent hardware were *** who had external fixators removed or joints replaced were also *** Between February 2016 and August 2022,360 implants were retrieved;however,only 167 of those who met the inclusion criteria were included in this

关键词： Implant removal Healed fracture Orthopedic implant Complications Healthcare system

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Security Monitoring and Management for the Network Services in the Orchestration of SDN-NFV Environment Using Machine Learning Techniques

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2024年第2期48卷 363-394页

作者： Nasser Alshammari Shumaila Shahzadi Saad Awadh Alanazi Shahid Naseem Muhammad Anwar Madallah Alruwaili Muhammad Rizwan Abid omar Alruwaili ahmed Alsayat Fahad Ahmad Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakakaAl Jouf72341Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Sciences Kinnaird College forWomenLahorePunjab54700Pakistan Department of Information Sciences Division of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahore54770Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering and Networks College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakaka72341Saudi Arabia Computer Science Florida Polytechnic UniversityLakelandFlorida33805USA Delta3T LahorePunjab54700Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences Common First YearJouf UniversitySakaka72341Saudi Arabia

Software Defined Network(SDN)and Network Function Virtualization(NFV)technology promote several benefits to network operators,including reduced maintenance costs,increased network operational performance,simplified network lifecycle,and policies *** vulnerabilities try to modify services provided by Network Function Virtualization MANagement and Orchestration(NFV MANO),and malicious attacks in different scenarios disrupt the NFV Orchestrator(NFVO)and Virtualized Infrastructure Manager(VIM)lifecycle management related to network services or individual Virtualized Network Function(VNF).This paper proposes an anomaly detection mechanism that monitors threats in NFV MANO and manages promptly and adaptively to implement and handle security functions in order to enhance the quality of experience for end *** anomaly detector investigates these identified risks and provides secure network *** enables virtual network security functions and identifies anomalies in Kubernetes(a cloud-based platform).For training and testing purpose of the proposed approach,an intrusion-containing dataset is used that hold multiple malicious activities like a Smurf,Neptune,Teardrop,Pod,Land,IPsweep,etc.,categorized as Probing(Prob),Denial of Service(DoS),User to Root(U2R),and Remote to User(R2L)*** anomaly detector is anticipated with the capabilities of a Machine Learning(ML)technique,making use of supervised learning techniques like Logistic Regression(LR),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Random Forest(RF),Naïve Bayes(NB),and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost).The proposed framework has been evaluated by deploying the identified ML algorithm on a Jupyter notebook in Kubeflow to simulate Kubernetes for validation *** classifier has shown better outcomes(99.90%accuracy)than other classifiers in detecting anomalies/intrusions in the containerized environment.

关键词： Software defined network network function virtualization network function virtualization management and orchestration virtual infrastructure manager virtual network function Kubernetes Kubectl artificial intelligence machine learning

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Neuroprotective effect of liraglutide and memantine in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第5期14卷 207-214页

作者： Duaa M.Bakhshwin Foziya W.Alhalabi Mohamad omar Barasheed ahmed M.Bakhshwin Maha H.Jamal Mohammed A.Bazuhair Fatemah O.Kamel Rania M.Magadmi Zoheir A Damanhouri Samar M.Alsaggaf Department of Clinical Pharmacology Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Hera General Hospital MakkahSaudi Arabia Department of Pathology Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Clinical Anatomy Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia

Objective:To assess the effect of memantine combined with liraglutide on aluminum chloride(AlCl_(3))and D-galactose(D-GAL)-induced neurotoxicity in ***:Male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each:the positive control,the negative control,the memantine-treated group,the liraglutide-treated group,and the combination group treated with memantine and ***_(3)and D-GAL were used to induce *** tests,brain beta-amyloid protein,and oxidative stress biomarkers were ***:The Morris water maze test indicated an enhanced memory in the combination ***,the combination treatment of liraglutide and memantine resulted in a remarkable reduction in the beta-amyloid protein level in the brain *** inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly reduced,and the levels of antioxidant parameters were ***:The combination of liraglutide and memantine exerts neuroprotective effects and enhances memory and cognitive functions in rats with Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Cognitive function Glucagonlike peptide-1 Liraglutide Memantine

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Simultaneous Compression of the Celiac Trunk, Superior Mesenteric Artery, and Renal Arteries by the Median Arcuate Ligament: About One Case

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2024年第3期14卷 106-113页

作者： Siddick Oumar Kenza Fathallah Hassan ahmed Aicha Merzem Hasnaa Belgadir omar Amriss Nadia Moussali Naima El Benna Department of Radiology University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd Casablanca Morocco

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS), is a rare abdominal vascular compression syndrome caused by the compression of the proximal celiac trunk by the median arcuate ligament. According to many authors, a low insertion of the diaphragmatic crura or an abnormally high origin of the celiac trunk from the aorta can cause compression of the celiac artery. Usually, patients with MALS are asymptomatic. Computed tomography (CT) angiography of the abdomen is the main imaging modality to confirm the diagnosis. The coexistence of celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery compression by the median arcuate ligament is rarely described in the literature. To our knowledge, until now, a simultaneous combination of three abdominal vascular compressions by the median arcuate ligament has never been described. From this case, we report a simultaneous compression of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries by the median arcuate ligament.

关键词： Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS) Celiac Trunk Compression Superior Mesenteric Artery and Renal Arteries Compression Computed Tomography Angiography

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Practical guide:Glucagon-like peptide-1 and dual glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 331-347页

作者： Saleh Fahad Alqifari omar Alkomi Abdullah Esmail Khadijeh Alkhawami Shahd Yousri Mohamad Ayham Muqresh Nawwarah Alharbi Abdullah A Khojah ahmed Aljabri Abdulrahman Allahham Kousalya Prabahar Hanan Alshareef Mohammed Aldhaeefi Tariq Alrasheed Ali Alrabiah Laila A AlBishi Department of Pharmacy Practice Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TabukTabuk 71491Saudi Arabia Department of Clinical Sciences Sulaiman Alrajhi University-College of MedicineAl Bukayriyah 52726Saudi Arabia Department of Family Medicine Dr.Soliman Fakeeh Hospital DSFHJeddah 21461Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmacy Practice Faculty of PharmacyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 22252Saudi Arabia Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy Sciences College of PharmacyHoward UniversityWashingtonDC 20059United States Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TabukTabuk 71491Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmacy Practice Raabe College of PharmacyOhio Northern UniversityOhioOH 45810United States Department of Pediatric Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TabukTabuk 71491Saudi Arabia

Practical guide:Glucagon-like peptide-1 and dual glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in diabetes mellitus common second-line choice after metformin for treating *** considerations can make selecting and switching between different GLP-1 RAs *** study aims to provide a comprehensive guide for the usage of GLP-1 RAs and dual GIP and GLP-1 RAs for the management of T2DM.

关键词： Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist Diabetes mellitus Metabolic syndrome Dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist Clinical practice Endocrinology

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