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A systematic assessment of architectural approaches for solving the housing problem in Iraq

Frontiers of Architectural Research 2018年第4期7卷 561-572页

作者： omar al-hafith Satish B.K. Simon Bradbury Pieter de Wilde University of Plymouth School of ArtDesign and ArchitecturePlymouthUK De Montfort University Leicester School of ArchitectureLeicesterUK

Iraq experiences housing shortage of around 1–1.5 million units with low production rate. Managing this challenge requires integrated efforts across a number of fields. One way forward is to develop an integral and appropriate architectural solution. In Iraq, it remains unknown which of the possible architectural approaches is adequate to address its housing challenges while considering occupants׳ preferences. Aiming at helping in forming a solution, this study critically assesses the possible building patterns and construction approaches, which represent the main architectural solutions׳ framework. To achieve this aim, an extensive literature review was conducted that explores possible alternatives and housing requirements. alternatives were assessed by comparing and contrasting their adequacy in satisfying Iraqis׳ preferences and the housing sector requirements. The assessment included conducting two surveys: a public Iraqis survey and an experts survey. The former was used to determine Iraqis׳ residential priorities and the latter to evaluate the adequacy of the defined alternatives in satisfying a set of housing requirements. A total number of 410 Iraqis participated in the first survey and fourteen Iraqi experts in the second. Based on the results, this paper suggests mass construction of multi-family courtyard residential buildings as a solution and discusses future research efforts.

关键词： Housing in Iraq Housing patterns Construction approaches Housing requirements Architectural solution

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Investigation of the Effect of Film Thickness and Heat Treatment on the Optical Properties of TeSeSn Thin Films

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World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics 2015年第3期5卷 220-231页

作者： A. Elwhab B. alwany O. M. Samir Mohammed A. algradee M. M. hafith M. A. Abdel-Rahim Physics Department Faculty of Science Ibb University Ibb Yemen Physics Department Faculty of Science Assuit University Assuit Egypt

Glassy substrates TeSeSn thin films were thermally evaporated onto chemically cleaned glass. The as-deposited (as-prepared) and annealed thin films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical transmission. The optical absorption of the as-prepared and annealed TeSeSn thin films is studied in the wavelength range of 300 nm - 900 nm. The direct optical energy gap (Eg) increases from 1.989 to 2.143 eV with increasing the thickness of the as-prepared films from 100 to 200 nm. The annealed TeSeSn films showed a decrease in the optical energy gap with increasing the annealing temperature. The effect of heat treatment on the lattice dielectric constant (εL) and carrier concentration (N) are also studied.

关键词： Thin Film Film Thickness Annealing Temperature Optical Properties

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