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A Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) Analysis of Heavy Metals in Soil and Plantain (<i>Musa paradisiaca</i>) Leaves at an Artisanal Gold Mining Settlement in Southwestern Nigeria

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Open Journal of Ecology 2019年第6期9卷 200-208页

作者： Makinde Oladotun Wasiu oluyemi emmanuel ayodele Olabanji Iyabo Oluremi Adesiyan Adewale Taoreed Eludoyin Adebayo Oluwole Ogundele Katherine Temitope Gbenu Sejlo Temidayo Tubosun Isaac ayodele C.E.R.D Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Departments of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Geology Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Departments of Geography Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria

The study examined the contamination levels of the soil and plantain leaves in three communities in Atakunmosa west local government area of Osun State in southwest Nigeria, where gold mining activities have recently become intensive. Plantain is a major food crop, whose leaves are used to wrap food items for household consumption. The objectives were to examine the heavy metal concentrations in the soil and plantain leaves around the gold mine site and compare them with standard recommended safe limits for the environment. Soil and plantain leaves were sampled at different locations around the sites and at a control site from a neighboring local government area with no history of gold mining activities between March 2015 and February 2016. Both soil and leave samples were processed and analyzed for selected heavy metals (Cd, As, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mn and Fe) using the Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) in the laboratory. The study showed higher concentrations than the World Health Organization’s recommended safe limits of the heavy metals in the soils and plantain leaves. Dry season concentrations of the variables were also higher than the wet season and the heavy metal concentrations at the control station were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those of the mining environment. The study concluded that the ecosystems in the artisanal gold mining region are vulnerable to bioaccumulation of heavy metals and the leaves from the sites are sources of heavy metal contamination if consumed or used to wrap food items.

关键词： Artisanal Mining Soil and Food Contamination Particle Induced X-Ray Emis-sion Bioaccumulation

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Fuzzy logic applied to value of information assessment in oil and gas projects

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Petroleum Science 2019年第5期16卷 1208-1220页

作者： Martin Vilela Gbenga oluyemi Andrei Petrovski School of Engineering Robert Gordon UniversityGarthdee RoadAberdeen AB107QBScotlandUK School of Computing Robert Gordon UniversityGarthdee RoadAberdeen AB107QBScotlandUK

The concept of value of information(VOI)has been widely used in the oil industry when making decisions on the acquisition of new data sets for the development and operation of oil *** classical approach to VOI assumes that the outcome of the data acquisition process produces crisp values,which are uniquely mapped onto one of the deterministic reservoir models representing the subsurface ***,subsurface reservoir data are not always crisp;it can also be fuzzy and may correspond to various reservoir models to different *** classical approach to VOI may not,therefore,lead to the best decision with regard to the need to acquire new *** logic,introduced in the 1960 s as an alternative to the classical logic,is able to manage the uncertainty associated with the fuzziness of the *** this paper,both classical and fuzzy theoretical formulations for VOI are developed and contrasted using inherently vague data.A case study,which is consistent with the future development of an oil reservoir,is used to compare the application of both approaches to the estimation of *** results of the VOI process show that when the fuzzy nature of the data is included in the assessment,the value of the data *** this case study,the results of the assessment using crisp data and fuzzy data change the decision from"acquire"the additional data(in the former)to"do not acquire"the additional data(in the latter).In general,different decisions are reached,depending on whether the fuzzy nature of the data is considered during the *** implications of these results are significant in a domain such as the oil and gas industry(where investments are huge).This work strongly suggests the need to define the data as crisp or fuzzy for use in VOI,prior to implementing the assessment to select and define the right approach.

关键词： Value of information Fuzzy logic Uncertainty and risk management Oil and gas industry

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An Evaluation of Health Hazards Indices of Natural Radioactivity of the Sediments from Eko-Ende Dam, Osun State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Ecology 2018年第11期8卷 607-621页

作者： Katherine Temitope Ogundele emmanuel ayodele oluyemi John Adekunle Oyedele Oyekunle Oladotun Wasiu Makinde Sejlo Temidayo Gbenu Centre for Energy Research and Development Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria

This study measured the radioactivity level in the sediments of Eko-Ende Dam in Ifelodun Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria and assessed the radiological impact associated. Thirty six (36) sediment samples were collected from three different points within the Dam for a period of 12 months. The samples were analyzed using Gamma Ray Spectrometer. The radiological hazards due to natural radionuclides content, such as absorbed dose rate (DR), annual effective dose rate (AEDE), effective life cancer risk (ELCR), activity utilization index (AUI), internal radiation hazard (Hin) and external radiation hazard (Hex) in the sediment samples were calculated. The calculated radiological parameters were compared with recommended safety limits and internationally approved values. The radium equivalent activity, internal hazard index, annual effective dose equivalent and effective life cancer risk values of the sediment samples were lower than the permissible limit. Thus, the study area might not pose immediate health implications to the general public, but prolonged exposure could lead to radiation related health hazards.

关键词： Natural Radioactivity Radiological Parameters Dam Eko-Ende Nigeria

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Paleo-productivity and petroleum source evaluation of the Nkporo and Awgu shales, Lower Benue Trough, Nigeria: Insight from inorganic geochemistry

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Energy Geoscience 2023年第3期4卷 139-148页

作者： Henry Yemagu Madukwe Adebanji Kayode Adegoke Mutiu Adesina Adeleye Adeyinka oluyemi Aturamu Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceEkiti State UniversityP.M.B.5363Ado-EkitiNigeria Department of Geology University of Malaya50603Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria

The petroleum paleo-productivity and generative potential of the Nkporo and Awgu shales in the Lower Benue Trough (LBT) were studied. Major oxides were determined using Spectro Ciros Inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) while trace and rare earth elements were determined using an ELAN 9000 Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The shales have Co/Ni ratios greater than 0.1 suggesting oil source rocks with more marine source input due to brief marine incursion in the transition zone after deposition. The very low Ni values and moderate V values, and a lack of correlation between the TOC and sulphur content, suggests that the organic matter is of terrestrial Type Ⅲ;and the very low paleo-productivity (Ba/Al and P/Ti ratios) suggests that the organic matter is of terrestrial origin. The low V/Ni values of the Nkporo and Awgu shales (Av. ≈ 4) and the high metal concentrations indicate a matured status. From the K/Rb ratios of the Nkporo (191–259) and Awgu shales (198–261), it can be deduced that the organic matter within the shales experienced a considerable loss of K and the shales are mature to generate gaseous hydrocarbons.

关键词： Maturity Organic matter Paleo-productivity Petroleum potentials Shale

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Synergistic Effect of Combined Antibiotics against Some Selected Multidrug Resistant Human Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Droppings in Akure, Nigeria

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Advances in Microbiology 2016年第14期6卷 1075-1090页

作者： Funmilola oluyemi Omoya Kehinde oluyemi Ajayi Department of Microbiology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria

Antibiotic resistant bacteria pass between humans, between animals and between humans and animals in both directions, the use of antibiotics in poultry has contributed to multiple antibiotic resistant in pathogenic bacteria and use of two antibiotics might prevent the emergence of resistance to either. In this study, synergistic effect of combined antibiotics against multidrug resistant human pathogenic bacterial isolates from poultry droppings in Akure, Nigeria was examined. Collection of samples, isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out using standard microbiological method, antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by disc diffusion method and zone of inhibition was used to interpret the sensitivity test as resistant, susceptible or intermediate while combined effects of two antibiotics were investigated by macrobroth dilution and checkerboard assay methods while the synergetic effects of combined antibiotics were calculated using Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) and percentage synergistic interaction was calculated. All the ten (10) species of bacterial isolates were multidrug resistant and are less resistant to ofloxacin. The highest percentage synergistic interactions observed were Ofloxacin + Amoxicillin (90%), Ciprofloxacin + Amoxicillin (90%), Tetracycline + Amoxicillin (70%), Tetracycline + Augmentin (80%), Cotrimoxazol + Amoxicillin (50%), Cotrimoxazol + Augmentin (70%), Chloramphenicol + Amoxicillin (70%) and Chloramphenicol + Augmentin (80%). Poultry droppings is a potential source of human pathogenic bacteria, high frequency of multiple antibiotic resistance bacteria observed in this study is of great treat to man as this may cause the treatment of infection caused by these bacteria to be difficult. Combination of beta-lactam antibiotic with fluoroqunolones, tetracycline, Chloramphenicol and Cotrimoxazole was synergetic and this will reduce dose related toxicity and prevent resistance to single antibiotic.

关键词： Antibiotic Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria Multidrug Resistant Synergistic Effect Combined Antibiotic

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Dermis-fat graft for contracted socket reconstruction in an indigenous black population, Southwestern Nigeria

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2019年第4期8卷 87-92页

作者： oluyemi Fasina Department of Ophthalmology University College Hospital/University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

The purpose of this case series is to report the indications for dermis-fat grafting and the outcome of treatment in orbital soft tissue contraction among patients in a tertiary center. It is a retrospective, consecutive, interventional case series where all patients with orbital soft tissue contraction who had dermis-fat grafting were studied. All nine patients in our series underwent secondary dermis-fat grafting for orbital soft tissue reconstruction. The major cause for contracted socket was surgical eye removal following trauma. Eight of nine patients had no orbital implants inserted at the time of primary eye removal and eight patients have had failed orbital reconstructive procedures. Satisfactory cosmetic results were reported in all patients post-operatively. Dermis-fat grafting for contracted socket reconstruction was found to give satisfactory cosmetic results in our studied population.

关键词： Anophthalmic Socket Contracted Socket Dermis-Fat Graft Nigeria Outcome

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Spatial distribution and potential ecological and health risks associated with heavy metals in the Ijero-Ekiti mining site,Nigeria

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第1期5卷 26-41页

作者： Johnson Adedeji OLUSOLA Adeyinka oluyemi ATURAMU Olufunke ASAOLU Olusesan Sola OGUNLEYE Department of Geography and Planning Science Ekiti State UniversityAdo Ekiti360211Nigeria Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle IfeOsun State220101Nigeria Department of Geology(Climate Change and Paleobiology Group) Ekiti State UniversityAdo Ekiti360211Nigeria Environmental Natural Resources and Blue EconomyEurope and Central AsiaWorld Bank GroupWashington D.C.20433the USA

Artisanal gold mining,a labor-intensive and antiquated technique,is a growing industry and the source of income for rural communities all over the ***,artisanal gold mining has potential negative and long-term effects on economy,environment,and *** study collected soil samples from 16 sample points including a control point to examine the pollution degrees and spatial distribution of heavy metals,as well as ecological and health risks associated with heavy metal pollution in the Ijero-Ekiti mining site,*** Information System(GIS)and remote sensing technologies were used to identify regions with high concentrations of heavy metals and assess the environmental impact of gold mining *** results show that the mean heavy metal concentrations of 16 soil pointa are 8.94(±5.97)mg/kg for As,0.18(±0.54)mg/kg for Cd,0.11(±1.06)mg/kg for Co,14.32(±3.43)mg/kg for Cr,6.89(±0.64)mg/kg for Cu,48.92(±11.77)mg/kg for Fe,135.81(±30.75)mg/kg for Mn,5.92(±0.96)mg/kg for Ni,5.72(±1.66)mg/kg for Pb,and 13.94(±1.38)mg/kg for *** study reveals that heavy metal concentration in soils follows the order of Mn>Fe>Cr>Zn>As>Cu>Ni>Pb>Co>*** analysis of soil samples indicates that 3 principal components(PCs)account for 70.008%of the total variance and there are strong positive correlations between various pairs of heavy *** total potential ecological risk index(309.599)in the study area is ***-carcinogenic risk suggests that there may be long-term health impacts on people who work in the mining areas due to chronic exposure to the *** on the study,the hazard index of carcinogenic health risks associated with heavy metals through ingestion is 520.00×10^(–4).Dermal contact from As and Cr also increases the risk of cancer,with the highest hazard index value of 18.40×10^(–4).The lowest exposure pathway,with the hazard index value of 0.68×10^(–4),indicates that the inhalation of heavy metals has a comparatively low risk of can

关键词： Artisanal gold mining Heavy metals Exposure pathway Potential ecological risk Geo-accumulation index Ijero-Ekiti mining site

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Evaluation of Corrosion Behaviour of Grey Cast Iron and Low Alloy Steel in Cocoa Liquor and Well Water

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2013年第2期1卷 44-48页

作者： John oluyemi Olawale Jamiu Kolawole Odusote Abuldkarim Baba Rabiu emmanuel Onazi Ochapa Department of Materials Science and Engineering Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria

Corrosion behaviour of cast iron and low alloy steel in cocoa liquor and well water was investigated. The average weight losses of the specimens were measured using digital weighing balance. The results showed that the weight losses of both cast iron and low alloy steel in both media increases with time. Corrosion rate of cast iron in cocoa liquor increases rapidly with time for up to 336 hours (1000 μm/yr), but in well water the rapid rate of corrosion only lasted up to 187 hours (1160 μm/yr) thereafter it continuously dropping until 264 hours (667 μm/yr) after which it remains constant. Low alloy steel corroded faster in cocoa liquor up to 264 hours (200 μm/yr), whereas the initial rapid corrosion rate only lasted up to 168 hours (180 μm/yr) in well water environment. The results revealed that low alloy steel exhibited better corrosion resistance in both media, with cocoa liquor been more aggressive. Thus, low alloy steel will be a better material for piping and pumping system in cocoa processing industries.

关键词： Corrosion Grey Cast Iron Low Alloy Steel Cocoa Liquor Well Water

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Group A Rotavirus Genotypes among Calf Herds in Southwest Nigeria and Implications for Human Rotavirus Vaccines’ Efficiency

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2020年第1期10卷 1-13页

作者： Michael oluyemi Babalola Epidemiology Molecular Virology and Special Pathogens Research Department of Microbiology Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba Akoko Ondo state Nigeria

Rotaviruses have been widely reported to be associated with diarrhea in humans but fewer studies abound on other mammalian species. This prospective study was conducted to detect and characterize Rotaviruses from freely ranged migratory herds of cattle in Ekiti and Ondo states, Nigeria with a view to further expanding knowledge on rotaviruses, possible animal-human interspecies transmission and impacts on vaccine efficiency. By convenience sampling, between September 2014 and February 2015, stool samples from 120 calves, comprising settled and migratory herds of cattle were obtained and examined for group A rotaviruses using Certest? Quadruple Enzyme Immuno Assay. Rotavirus genomes were isolated by extraction from the positive samples, reverse transcribed and amplified by One-Step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and genotyped by semi-nested multiplex PCR. Representative PCR products of the genotyped samples were purified and sequenced using Sanger method. The generated query sequences were queried to the GenBank to retrieve similar sequences for pairwise alignment by ClustalW. Phylogenetic analyses by Neighbour-joining method were conducted at 1000 bootstrap replicates to obtain phylograms using MEGA 6 software. Fifteen samples (15/120: 12.5%) were positive for rotavirus. No statistically significant association existed between rotavirus infection and gender of the calves (χ2 = 0, df = 1, p = 1). Eight samples (8/15: 53.3%) were successfully genotyped where the G1, G5, G9, G10, G12, and P[6] were detected. Nucleotide Sequencing of the VP7 and VP4 genes of the genotyped samples confirmed strains G1P[6], G10P[6], and G12P[6] with 58% - 100% nucleotide identity within these viruses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 2 possible transmissions from India and Honduras. Bovine rotaviruses were detected in freely ranged and settled calf herds in southwestern Nigeria at a rate of 12.5%. The strains identified were analysed to be group A rotavirus strain

关键词： Group A Rotavirus Diarrhea Calves Genotypes Vaccines

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The Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>: A Systematic Review

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2015年第4期3卷 184-205页

作者： Michael oluyemi Babalola Epidemiology Molecular Virology and Special Pathogens Unit Department of Microbiology Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba Akoko Nigeria

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiology of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis is taunted to have predated the existence of mankind, and science has elucidated its presence in old Egyptian’ mummies, as it continues to evade current antibiotic treatments, wreck the havoc and decimate human populations. Presented here, are the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the first proposal for the application of this innovative concept in the field of Tuberculosis research, to proffer holistic platform, focused knowledge, and strategies at undermining the prowess of the tubercle bacilli and overcoming its scourge. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was carried out to mine data on the strengths, the weaknesses, the opportunities and threats to M. tb, by review of several publications using meaningful theme and specific search phrases on the subject. Results: Strengths of Mycobacterium tuberculosis include: possession of abundant cell wall mycothiol;M. tb is highly contagious and requires low infectious dose (ID50) to establish infection;ability to specifically target and replicate in the host’ macrophages;ability to establish extrapulmonary multiorgan involvement;dual polymorphism i.e. existence in both an actively replicating form as well as or latent state;assumption of variable metabolic states;delayed seeding from the lungs of the replicating bacteria cells to the mediastinal lymph nodes;delayed macrophage apoptosis prior to bacterial growth and ultimate cellular necrosis;ability to shift to glyoxylate pathway during lipid metabolism in lieu of glucose during persistence phase in the host. Weaknesses of M. tuberculosis include: the requirement for growth of a membrane protein called Rv3671c during in vivo replication for survival in the acidic milieu of the macrophages and phagosome;M. tb is a fastidious slow growing bacterium with long generation time;establishment of productive inf

关键词： SWOT Analysis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycothiols Glyoxylate Pathway Rv3671c HIV Coinfection Lungs Vulnerability Live Imaging Infecton Vaccine

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