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Individual and contextual factors associated with childhood malnutrition:a multilevel analysis of the double burden of childhood malnutrition in 27 countries

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Global Health Research and Policy 2022年第1期7卷 69-80页

作者： Mukhtar A.Ijaiya Seun Anjorin olalekan A.Uthman Jhpiego Plot 971Rueben Okoya CrescentOff Okonjo Iweala StreetWuye DistrictAbujaFCTNigeria Division of Health Sciences Warwick Centre for Global HealthWarwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK

Background:Malnutrition is a key global health challenge and a major contributor to childhood morbidity and *** recent times,the contrasting coexistence of undernutrition including micronutrient deficiencies and overweight/obesity called double burden of malnutrition has been noted at individual,household or population level and/or at different times in *** objective of this study was to examine individual,neighborhood and country level factors that are associated with the double burden of childhood ***:We conducted multivariable multilevel logistic regression analyses on the most recent demographic and health datasets from surveys conducted between 2015 and 2020 in low-and middle-income *** analyzed data of 138,782 children(level 1)living in 13,788 communities(level 2)from 27 countries(level 3).Results:The results of our analysis show variation in childhood malnutrition across the 27 countries from as low as 6.5%in Burundi to as high as 29.5%in Timor *** adjusting for all level factors,we found that those who were wasted/overweight tended to have had an episode of diarrhea or fever in the last two weeks preceding the survey,were part of a multiple birth,were being breastfed at the time of the survey and born to mothers with more than one under 5-child resident in neighborhoods with high illiteracy and unemployment *** intra-neighbourhood and intra-country correlation coefficients were estimated using the intercept component variance;44.3%and 21.0%of variance in odds of double burden of childhood malnutrition are consequent upon neighborhood and country level factors ***:Evidence of geographical clustering in childhood malnutrition at community and country levels was found in our study with variability due to neighborhood level factors twice that of country level ***,strategies in tackling the double burden of malnutrition must consider these shared drivers,contextual barriers a

关键词： Multilevel Malnutrition Childhood

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)and hexabromobiphenyl in sediments of the Diep and Kuils Rivers in South Africa

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2016年第1期31卷 61-70页

作者： Adegbenro P.Daso olalekan S.Fatoki James P.Odendaal Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies Faculty of Applied SciencesCape Peninsula University of Technology Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Pretoria Department of Chemistry Faculty of Applied SciencesCape Peninsula University of Technology

This study reports the concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromobiphenyl in bottom sediment of two rivers within the city of Cape *** the isolation of the target compounds by mechanical shaking technique,the routine analyses and structural elucidation of the target analytes were performed with high capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection(GC-nECD)and gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry(GC-TOF-MS)techniques,*** mean concentrations of the total PBDE varied in the range of 0.06-2.47 ng/g in the Diep *** values were relatively higher in the Kuils *** mean concentrations of BB 153ranged from not detected(ND)-0.39 ng/***,the mean concentrations of BB 153 in the Kuils River were in the range of ND-1.21 ng/*** statistical analyses performed on these data showed that majority of the PBDE congeners,except BDE 209 had strong positive correlation with the total organic carbon(TOC).Although effluent discharges from nearby wastewater treatment plants were identified as important source of PBDEs,other notable sources,including grey water intrusion could contribute to the contamination of the upstream of both rivers.

关键词： PBDEs Bottom sediment Total organic carbon Cape Town

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Mass media exposure and its impact on malaria prevention behaviour among adult women in sub-Saharan Africa:results from malaria indicator surveys

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Global Health Research and Policy 2018年第1期3卷 175-183页

作者： Sanni Yaya olalekan A.Uthman Agbessi Amouzou Ghose Bishwajit School of International Development and Global Studies University of Ottawa120University PrivateOttawaON K1N 6N5Canada Warwick Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery(WCAHRD) Division of Health SciencesWarwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University615 N Wolfe StBaltimoreMD 21205USA

Background:Mass media exposure plays a pivotal role in health communication and adoption of a healthy *** this study,we aimed to measure the prevalence of malaria prevention behaviour among adult women in eight malariaendemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA),and assess the influence of mass media exposure in the adoption of those ***:For this study,we collected cross-sectional data on 46,822 women aged between 15 and 49 years from the Malaria Indicator Surveys(MIS)conducted in Burkina Faso,Ghana,Mali,Malawi,Kenya,Nigeria,Sierra Leone and *** the outcome variable,malaria prevention behaviour was proxied by the use of insecticide treated nets(ITNs)and uptake of antimalarial drugs in last ***:The overall prevalence of sleeping under ITN and that of taking antimalarial drug during the last pregnancy was respectively 67.9%(95%CI=66.6-69.2)and 72.8%(95%CI=71.3-74.2).However,there were disparities in the prevalence of using ITN and antimalarial drug use across the study *** the multivariable regression analysis,not receiving malaria related information from radio,poster/billboards,community events,and health workers were found to be significantly associated with reduction in the odds of using ITN the previous *** the use of antimalarial drugs during last pregnancy,the odds were 23%[OR=0.773,95%CI=0.625-0.956]lower for those who did not receive malaria information on radio compared with those who ***:These findings indicate a potentially important role of malaria information received through mass media on utilisation of ITN among women in *** research is needed to explore the factors that limit the accessibility to malaria information through mass media.

关键词： Malaria prevention behaviour Insecticide treated nets Antimalarial drugs Global health Sub-Saharan Africa

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Assessment of the Behaviour of Surface to Borehole EM Telemetry in Horizontal Well

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第S1期95卷 76-79页

作者： olalekan FAYEMI DI Qingyun LIANG Pengfei ZHEN Qihui Omisore B.OREOLUWA CAS Engineering Laboratory for Deep Resources Equipment and Technology Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Geophysics and Information China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100087China

Hydrocarbon exploration has evolved over the years from shallow subsurface to deep subsurface prospecting in both onshore and marine *** accordance,technical development has encouraged exploration of unconventional reservoirs and development of deeply buried *** deeply buried carbonate reservoir in the Tarim Basin have attracted considerable attention(Lee,1985;Neil,1997;Jin et al.,2009,2015).Such deeply buried reservoirs requires careful and accurate well landing and borehole navigation through multiple regions of HC accumulation and precise well closing process involving accurate selection of positions for screens and so on.

关键词： electromagnetic telemetry horizontal well water front borehole drilling

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Disparities in caesarean section prevalence and determinants across sub-Saharan Africa countries

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Global Health Research and Policy 2018年第1期3卷 184-192页

作者： Sanni Yaya olalekan A.Uthman Agbessi Amouzou Ghose Bishwajit School of International Development and Global Studies University of OttawaOttawaON K1N 6N5Canada Warwick Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery(WCAHRD) Division of Health SciencesWarwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21205USA

Background:Access to safe Cesarean section(C-section)in resource-constrained settings such as sub-Sahara Africa(SSA)region is a foremost approach to reduce maternal mortality.C-section is an obstetric operative procedure used appropriately to improve delivery ***,errors in the procedure have enormous potential harm that may outweigh the *** study assessed the prevalence and determinants of C-section in several SSA *** study examined the prevalence and determinants associated with cesarean delivery in SSA ***:Secondary data of women of reproductive age(15-49 years)from the current Demographic and Health Survey(DHS)in 34 SSA countries was utilized in this *** mode of delivery among women was the primary outcome *** and descriptive statistics were used to conduct univariate ***,multivariable multilevel logistic regression was used to investigate correlates of C-section among SSA ***:Results showed disparities in the percentage of C-section among women from 34 SSA countries.C-section at public healthcare settings ranged from 3%in Burkina Faso to 15.6%in ***,in private healthcare settings,C-section ranged from 0%in Sao Tome and Principe to 64.2%in ***,C-section was 7.9%from public healthcare and 12.3%from private healthcare facilities *** the adjusted regression model;women aged 35-49 had increase in the odds of C-section,while a unit increase in the number of children ever born had 17 and 20%significant reduction in the odds of C-section in public and private healthcare *** public healthcare settings;women from richer/richest households,male and large size children at birth had increase in the odds of C-section,while those from rich neighbourhood had reduction in the odds of *** private healthcare settings,women with high decision making power and multiple births had increase in the odds of C-section,while those wh

关键词： Cesarean section Delivery Sub-Saharan Africa Vaginal birth Maternal health Global health

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Evaluation of bacterial pathogens in paediatric polioviruspositive faecal specimens

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第1期2卷 68-75页

作者： Adenike A.O.Ogunshe Oluwafunmilayo G.Oyero olalekan P.Olabode Applied Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Unit Department of Botany & MicrobiologyUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria. Science Laboratory Technology The PolytechnicIbadan/ Department of VirologyCollege of MedicineUniversity College HospitalIbadanNigeria.

Objective:To evaluate the in vitro inhibitory potential of commonly available antibiotic(discs) and paediatric suspensions against bacterial species from polio-positive faecal ***:Commonly available antibiotic (discs) and oral,paediatric suspensions were screened for in vitro inhibitory activities against bacterial species from infantile polio-positive faecal specimens,using agar disc-diffusion and modified agar well-diffusion ***:Isolated bacteria were Bacillus cereus,***,Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus pneumoniae,Aeromonas hydrophila,Citrobacter aerogenes,Escherichia coli,Enterobacter aerogenes,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Proteus mirabilis,***,Shigella dysenteriae,***,Sh. sonnei and Vibrio *** phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility rates among Gram-positive bacterial species were between 33.3%(augmentin) and 75.0%(chloramphenicol,erythromycin and gentamicin); higher susceptibility rates(48.6%-100.0%) were recorded among Gram-negative bacterial species, while between7.8%/ 10.1%(metronidazole / ampicillin) and 25.2%/28.1%(cotrimoxazole / septrin) were recorded towards paediatric ***:Bacterial species from polio-positive fecal specimens are minimally susceptible to commonly available oral paediatric antibiotic suspensions in Nigeria.

关键词： Antibiotics Co-infection Diarrhoea Infant mortality Paediatric Polio

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Electric Field and Ion Diffusion Triggered Precisely Regulated Construction of Micron-scale Water-based Polymer Films:a Detailed Mechanistic Exploration

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2022年第6期38卷 1435-1445页

作者： WANG Dan LIU Jinfang YANG Shuqi JI Xin WANG Yuliang OMONIYI Ahmed olalekan ZHANG Jianfu SU Zhongmin School of Materials Science and Engineering Changchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchun130022P.R.China School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Changchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchun130022P.R.China Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry Changchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchun130022P.R.China

Water-based polymer films can be readily deposited onto a wide range of metallic materials as an environmentally friendly coating through the demulsification-induced fast solidification(DIFS)***,there is still a lack of in-depth understanding of the demulsification process of the water-based emulsions and their deposition ***,we demonstrate that the build-up process of the commercial water-based micron-scale waterborne polyurethane,polyvinyl acetate,polyurethane acrylate,and natural rubber polymer films is affected by the collective effect of electric field and ion diffusion exerted by anode-cathode electrode pairs,applied voltage,conduction time,electrode distance,and emulsion species.A structural investigation of as-prepared polymer films allows us to propose two new structure build-up *** a flat film deposition,isolated islands are formed first and grow on the substrate surface,and eventually,their mutual coalescence forms the final ***,for a convex layer formation,the layer is first formed in the middle of the substrate and then grows toward the sides of the convex structure of the *** results presented in this work expand the understanding of the mechanism of the DIFS process and may provide some new insights into structure-oriented multifunctional material design.

关键词： Polymer film Emulsion Demulsification-induced fast solidification Mechanism

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The August 2011 Flood in Ibadan, Nigeria: Anthropogenic Causes and Consequences

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2012年第4期3卷 207-217页

作者： Babatunde S.Agbola Owolabi Ajayi olalekan J.Taiwo Bolanle W.Wahab Department of Urban and Regional Planning University of IbadanIbadanOYO 200284Nigeria Department of Geology Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife220005Nigeria Department of Geography University of IbadanIbadanOYO 200284Nigeria

Determining when and where flood strikes can be a daunting task. Apart from heavy and prolonged rainfalls and river overflows, there are anthropogenic causal factors of flooding. These anthropogenic factors are significantly variable and exacerbate floods, but may be difficult to measure. This study aims to unravel some of the anthropogenic factors, particularly with respect to their contributions to the flood in Ibadan City on 26 August 2011. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and key informant interviews. The August 2011 Ibadan flood was perhaps the worst in the history of this ancient city. Twelve anthropogenic factors are broadly identified as having contributed to the flood and the flood had five major consequences. Some policy implications that can help prevent future flood occurrence are outlined.

关键词： flood floods consequences

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What does women’s empowerment have to do with malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa?Evidence from demographic and health surveys from 30 countries

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Global Health Research and Policy 2020年第1期5卷 423-433页

作者： Sanni Yaya Emmanuel Kolawole Odusina olalekan A.Uthman Ghose Bishwajit School of International Development and Global Studies University of Ottawa120University PrivateOttawaON K1N 6N5Canada The George Institute for Global Health The University of OxfordOxfordUK Department of Demography and Social Statistics Federal UniversityOyeEkitiNigeria Warwick Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery(WCAHRD) Division of Health SciencesWarwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK

Background:The reduction of childhood malnutrition has been identified as a priority for health and development in sub Saharan African *** association between women’s empowerment and children’s nutritional status is of policy interest due to its effect on human development,labour supply,productivity,economic growth and *** study aimed to determine the association between women’s empowerment and childhood nutritional status in sub Saharan African ***:The study utilized secondary datasets of women in their child bearing age(15-49 years)from the latest Demographic and Health Survey(DHS)conducted in 2011-2017 across 30 sub Saharan Africa *** outcome variable of the study was childhood nutritional status while the exposure variable was women’s empowerment indicators such as decision making and attitude towards *** were performed at bivariate level with the use of chi square to determine association between outcome and exposure variables and at multivariate level with the use of regression models to examine the effect of women’s empowerment on childhood nutritional ***:Women’s socio-demographic and other selected characteristics were statistically significantly associated with childhood nutritional status(stunted and underweight)at p<*** characteristics were also statistically significantly associated with empowerment status of women(Decision-making,Violence attitudes and Experience of violence)at p<0.001 except for child age and *** association between childhood nutritional statuses and women’s empowerment(all three empowerment measures)was significant after controlling for other covariates that could also influence childhood nutrition statuses at p<*** of the empowerment measures(attitudes towards violence and experience of violence)showed positive association with childhood nutritional statuses while the third(decision-making)showed negative ***:There is an indepe

关键词： Women’s empowerment Stunting Underweight Childhood nutrition Global health Sub Saharan Africa

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Chemical resistance tests on PP-ternary nanocomposite for its application in bioreactor liner fabrication

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2011年第8期54卷 2217-2223页

作者： FARIDA Yusof SALAWUDEEN T.olalekan QASIM H.Shah MA'AN F.Alkhatib SULEYMAN A.Muyibi Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Research Group Department of Biotechnology Engineering Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia

Continuous usage of bioreactor causes early degradation of most bioreactor liner materials due to the effects of various chemicals, consequently resulting in contamination in the bioprocess. Performance of PP-ternary nanocomposite (PPTN) for its potential application in the fabrication of bioreactor liner material was investigated in this study. The chemical resistance of the composite samples obtained was tested by exposing them to chemicals such as acid, alkaline, water and bacterial solutions, according to ASTM 543-06, and their effects on the composite samples were carefully observed. Specifically, the investigation focused on the changes in the physico-mechanical properties of PPTN following long term of exposure to these chemicals. The results show slight increase in the weight and dimensions of samples in the first few days, followed by constant reading for the period of 4 weeks. The performance in terms of physical properties was in the range of PPTN with 0.61% MWCNT > PPTN 0.45% > PPTN 0.17%. The maximum percentage change in tensile properties, observed in this study, was approximately 10% against PPTN (0.17%), which indicates stable mechanical properties of the composite and invariably suggests that the nanocomposites could serve as a better alternative for bioreactor liner fabrication.

关键词： bioreactor chemical resistance liner material MWCNT melt intercalation polypropylene ternary nanocomposite

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