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Effects of Planting Methods and Seed Density on Vegetable Yield and Nutrient Composition of <i>Solanum macrocarpon</i>and <i>Solanum scabrum</i>in Southwest Nigeria

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第13期5卷 1185-1195页

作者： Mary K. Idowu Durodoluwa J. Oyedele Ojo Kolawole Adekunle oluwole olalekan akinremi Bob Eilers Department of Crop Production and Protection Faculty of Agriculture Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Soil Science and Land Resources Management Faculty of Agriculture Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Soil Science University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada

Two field studies were carried out using Solanum macrocarpon and Solanum scabrum to investigate the effects of planting methods and seed density required for optimum biomass yield and nutrient content in southwest Nigeria. Two planting methods (drilling and broadcasting), and two seed densities (4 and 8 table spoon full) were investigated as a 2×2×3 factorial experiment in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Four seed spoons gave 25.78 kg seeds ha-1 for S. macrocarpon and 20.67 kg·seeds·ha-1 for S. scabrum. Significant highest S. macrocarpon shoots (2.75 kg·m-2) and Ca, K, Fe and Zn contents and S. scabrum (2.95 kg·m-2) and Zn content, were obtained with drilling and four spoons of seeds compared with broadcasting and 8 spoons of seeds. This treatment gave average values for N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ca/P and Na/K ratio were 2.79%, 0.03%, 3.37%, 1.64%, 0.02%, 300 mg·kg-1, 100 mg·kg-1, 300 mg·kg-1, 8 mg·kg-1, 1.22 and 0.008 for S. macrocarpon and 2.05%, 0.27%, 5.81%, 3.27%, 2.91%, 0.09%, 280 mg·kg-1, 52.99 mg·kg-1, 359.35 mg·kg-1 and 22.42 mg·kg-1, 11.63 and 0.016 for S. scabrum. It was concluded that planting in drilling made weeding, fertilizer application, irrigation and harvesting more effective rather than by broadcasting, and four spoons of seeds per 9 m-2 produced deep green and broader leaves and balanced nutrient contents than eight spoons of seeds.

关键词： Solanum macrocarpon Solanum scabrum Planting Method Seed Density and Nutrient Contents

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Assessing Capacity and Implementation Status of the Disaster Risk Management Strategy for Health and Community Disaster Resilience in Malawi

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第5期12卷 673-688页

作者： Ozius Dewa Donald Makoka olalekan A.Ayo-Yusuf Southern Africa Resilience Innovation Lab(SARiLab) School of Health Systems and Public HealthUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0002GautengSouth Africa Centre for Agricultural Research and Development Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesLilongweCentral RegionMalawi

Floods are among the most frequently occurring natural hazards in Malawi,often with public health *** mixed methods study assessed the capacity for and implementation status of the disaster risk management(DRM)strategy for the health sector in Malawi,using flooding in the Nsanje District as a *** were collected using desk review and a workshop methodology involving key officials from government ministries,national and international development partners,and the *** results show that Malawi had recently strengthened its DRM institutional frameworks,with a pronounced policy shift from reactive to proactive management of *** sector personnel and structures were key contributors in the design and implementation of DRM activities at all *** partners played a significant role in strengthening DRM coordination and implementation *** of funding and the limited availability,and often fragmented nature,of vulnerability and risk assessment data were identified as key *** human resource capacity and inadequate planning processes at district level impeded full implementation of DRM *** findings call for community-level interventions for improved coordination,planning,and human resource capacity to strengthen community disaster resilience and improve public *** approach used in this study can serve as a model framework for other districts in Malawi,as well as in other low-and middle-income countries in the context of Sendai Framework implementation.

关键词： Community disaster resilience Disaster risk management Health Malawi Policy

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Power-flow-tracing-based congestion management in hydro-thermal optimal power flow algorithm

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2019年第3期7卷 538-548页

作者： Muyideen olalekan LAWAL Olusola KOMOLAFE Titus Oluwasuji AJEWOLE Osun State University OsogboNigeria Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-IfeNigeria

This paper presents a method for managing congestion constraints in a hydro-thermal optimal power flow solution procedure. The congestion constraint is handled in this paper as an active power generation constraint. To achieve this solution, a power flow tracing technique is used to detect the generators contributing to line congestion and penalize themby reducing their outputs. The congestion is then removed by setting the maximum power of the affected generators to the penalized value. The proposed algorithm is implemented using MATLAB software. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is tested and the results for the 5-bus,30-bus, and 34-bus Nigerian power networks are presented.

关键词： Congestion Power flow tracing Transmission line Hydro-thermal

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Evaluation of directly observed treatment short courses at a secondary health institution in Ibadan,Oyo State,Southwestern Nigeria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第12期6卷 952-959页

作者： Olajire A.Adegoke olalekan A.Orokotan Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria

Objective:To evaluate the success rate of tuberculosis intervention programme at a specialist hospital in(?)badan,Nigeria through a retrospective study as well as carry out physicochemical evaluation of anti-tuberculous agents as a way of eliminating drug-related ***:The retrospective study involved the use of quarterly tuberculosis central register at the Government Chest Hospital,(?)badan between 1st quarter(2003)to 4th quarter(2009).Relevant data were extracted from these register with the aid of data collection *** basic physicochemical analyses of the drugs given to the patients were also carried out using the International Pharmacopoeia ***:All the drugs examined for their physicochemical properties passed the International Pharmacopeia recommended tests.A total number of 1 260 patients enrolled at the hospital were assessed through case *** comprises of 59.4%males of which69.23%new cases were also *** was a significant(P0.05).Failure rates in all categories were higher in males than females(P>0.05).Conclusions:More enlightenment and counseling is still required to meet up with the target for TB control.

关键词： Tuberculosis DOTS therapy Success rate Anti-TB drugs Physicochemical evaluation

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Catalytic activities of ultra-small β-FeOOH nanorods in ozonation of 4-chlorophenol

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第9期27卷 83-90页

作者： Ogheneochuko Oputu Mahabubur Chowdhury Kudzanai Nyamayaro olalekan Fatoki Veruscha Fester Department of Chemistry Cape Peninsula University of Technology Flow Process and Rheology Centre Cape Peninsula University of Technology

We report the catalytic properties of ultra-small β-FeOOH nanorods in ozonation of4-chlorophenol（4-CP）. XRD, TEM, EDS, SAED, FTIR and BET were used to characterize the prepared material. Interaction between O3 and β-FeOOH was evident from the FTIR *** removal efficiency of 4-CP was significantly enhanced in the presence of β-FeOOH compared to ozone alone. Removal efficiency of 99% and 67% was achieved after 40 min in the presence of combined ozone and catalyst and ozone only, respectively. Increasing catalyst load increased COD removal efficiency. Maximum COD removal of 97% was achieved using a catalyst load of 0.1 g/100 m L of 4-CP solution. Initial 4-CP concentration was not found to be rate limiting below 2 × 10^-3mol/L. The catalytic properties of the material during ozonation process were found to be pronounced at lower initial p H of *** stage first order kinetics was applied to describe the kinetic behavior of the nanorods at low p H. The first stage of catalytic ozonation was attributed to the heterogeneous surface breakdown of O3 by β-FeOOH, while the second stage was attributed to homogeneous catalysis initiated by reductive dissolution of β-FeOOH at low p H.

关键词： Ultra-small β-FeOOH Heterogeneous–homogeneous catalysis Catalytic ozonation Waste water treatment

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EMT simulation and effect of TTI anisotropic media in EMT signal

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Petroleum Science 2021年第1期18卷 106-122页

作者： Qing-Yun Di olalekan Fayemi Qi-Hui Zhen Tian Fei Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Frontier Technology and Equipment Development Center for Deep Resources Exploration Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBejing 100049China

An axisymmetric finite difference method is employed for the simulations of electromagnetic telemetry in the homogeneous and layered underground *** this method,we defined the anisotropy property using extensive 2D conductivity tensor and solved it in the transverse magnetic *** simplification arises in the decoupling of the anisotropic *** developed method is cost-efficient,more straightforward in modeling anisotropic media,and easy to be *** addition,we solved the integral operation in the estimation of measured surface voltage using Gaussian quadrature *** performed a series of numerical modeling of EM telemetry signals in both isotropic and anisotropic *** with 2D tilt transverse isotropic media characterized by the tilt axis and anisotropy parameters shows an increase in the EMT signal with an increase in the angle of tilt of the principal axis for a moderate coefficient of *** show that the effect of the tilt of the subsurface medium can be observed with sufficient accuracy and that it is an order of magnitude of 5 over the tilt of 90 ***,consistent results with existing field data were obtained by employing the Gaussian quadrature rule for the computation of surface measured signal.

关键词： Electromagnetic telemetry Finite difference method Anisotropy Gaussian quadrature

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Antifertility effects of 60-day oral gavage of ethanol extract of Spondias mombin leaves in guinea pigs: A biochemical, reproductive and histological study

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2021年第2期10卷 56-67页

作者： olalekan Bukunmi Ogunro Musa Toyin Yakubu Phytomedicine ToxicologyReproductive and Developmental Biochemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of IlorinIlorinNigeria Department of Biological Sciences KolaDaisi UniversityIbadanOyo StateNigeria

Objective:To investigate the impact of ethanol extract of Spondias(S.)mombin leaves on the biochemical parameters of testicular function,hormonal profile,sperm profile and reproductive outcomes of guinea ***:Sexually matured male[(1000.40±8.12)g]and female[(810.00±7.09)g]guinea pigs were *** testicular function study,a total of 24 male guinea pigs were randomised into 4 groups of 6 guinea pigs *** A(control)was orally administered 1 mL of physiological saline,once daily for 60 days while groups B,C and D were treated like the control group except that they were orally administered 100,250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of ethanol extract of *** *** the fertility study,the same animal groupings and treatments in the testicular function study were *** male guinea pigs were paired with the females(1:1)and afterwards examined for pregnancy ***:The ethanol extract of *** leaves contained saponins,alkaloids,flavonoids,tannins,steroids,phenolics,phlobatannins,cardiac glycosides,cardenolides and dienolides with saponins(4.80 mg/mL)occurring the most whilst cardenolides and dienolides(0.08 mg/mL)were the *** ethanol extract of *** leaves significantly and dose dependently reduced the activities of alkaline phosphatase,glutamate dehydrogenase,3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase,malic enzyme,17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase,lactate dehydrogenase,catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as levels of testosterone,glycogen,total protein and ascorbic acid in the testes when compared with the control group(P<0.05).All the doses of ethanol extract of *** leaves also reduced the levels of sorbitol dehydrogenase,3-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and sialic acid whereas the levels of testicular acid phosphatase,gamma glutamyl transferase and cholesterol increased dose dependently(P<0.05).The serum luteinising hormone,testosterone and estradiol were reduced after the admin

关键词： Anacardiaceae Spondias mombin Guinea pig Testicular dysfunction Anti-spermatogenic Antifertility

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Utilisation of smoking cessation aids among South African adult smokers:findings from a national survey of 18208 South African adults

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2021年第1期9卷 28-42页

作者： Israel Agaku Catherine Egbe olalekan Ayo-Yusuf School of Health System and Public Health University of PretoriaPretoriaGautengSouth Africa Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology Harvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA Africa Center for Tobacco Industry Monitoring and Policy Research Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences UniversityPretoriaGautengSouth Africa South African Medical Research Council TygerbergSouth Africa

Objective To examine the use of different cessation aids among current South African smokers who have ever tried to quit *** Cross-sectional *** South Africa has progressively passed several policies over the past few decades to encourage smoking *** on cessation behaviours are needed to inform *** investigated utilisation of evidence-based cessation aids and e-cigarettes among current combustible *** tobacco use,past quit attempts and use of evidence-based cessation aids(counselling,nicotine replacement therapy or prescription medication)were *** were weighted and analysed using descriptive and multivariable approaches(p<0.05).Participants Online participants were recruited from the national consumer database for News24-South Africa’s largest digital *** the 18208 participants aged 18 years or older,there were 5657 current smokers of any combustible tobacco product(cigarettes,cigars,pipes or roll-your-own cigarettes),including 4309 who had ever attempted to quit during their *** Current combustible tobacco smoking prevalence was 22.4%(95%CI:21.2%to 23.5%),and 98.7%of all current smokers of any combustible tobacco were current cigarette *** of cessation aids was as follows among current combustible tobacco smokers:smoking cessation counselling programmes,50.8%(95%CI:48.1%to 53.6%);nicotine replacement therapy,92.1%(95%CI:90.5%to 93.6%);prescription cessation medication,68.2%(95%CI:65.2%to 70.6%).Awareness of cessation aids was lowest among Black Africans,men,and persons with little or no *** all current combustible tobacco smokers,74.6%(95%CI:72.2%to 76.7%)had ever attempted to quit and 42.8%(95%CI:40.0%to 45.4%)of these quit attempters had ever used any cessation *** current combustible smokers who attempted to quit in the past,ever e-cigarette users were more likely than never e-cigarette users to have ever used any cessation aid(50.6%vs 35.9%,p<

关键词： smoke finding African

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Investigating Microplastics and Nanoplastics Released from a Rubber Band Used for Orthodontic Treatment with Improved Raman Imaging Algorithms

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Environment & Health 2023年第1期1卷 63-71页

作者： Cheng Fang olalekan Simon Awoyemi Yunlong Luo Ravi Naidu Global Centre for Environmental Remediation(GCER)and Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment(CRC CARE) University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Global Centre for Environmental Remediation(GCER) University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia

Most teenagers experience orthodontic treatment,but we do not know the possible adverse effect of the released microplastics and nanoplastics that are recently categorized as emerging ***,we test the rubber band that has been employed to improve the biting of teeth during the orthodontic process to confirm the release of microplastics and *** improve the characterization of microplastics and nanoplastics by(i)Raman imaging,to extract and map the signal from the scanning spectrum matrix or the hyperspectral matrix and to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio *** effectively extract the signal,(ii)chemometrics such as principal component analysis(PCA)are explored to convert the hyperspectral matrix to an image with an increased *** nonsupervised PCA is intentionally corrected,via(iii)the algebra-based algorithm,to further increase the certainty to image the microplastics and *** the signal is weak,(iv)an additional algorithm of image reconstruction via deconvolution is developed to average the background noise and smooth the *** doing so,we estimate that millions of microplastics and nanoplastics are released daily in potential from a rubber band applied in a teenager's mouth,which might be a big ***,our approach provides a suitable option to characterize the microplastics and nanoplastics from a complex background.

关键词： orthodontics rubber band microplastics nanoplastics Raman imaging algorithm deconvolution

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Individual and contextual factors associated with childhood malnutrition:a multilevel analysis of the double burden of childhood malnutrition in 27 countries

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Global Health Research and Policy 2022年第1期7卷 69-80页

作者： Mukhtar A.Ijaiya Seun Anjorin olalekan A.Uthman Jhpiego Plot 971Rueben Okoya CrescentOff Okonjo Iweala StreetWuye DistrictAbujaFCTNigeria Division of Health Sciences Warwick Centre for Global HealthWarwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK

Background:Malnutrition is a key global health challenge and a major contributor to childhood morbidity and *** recent times,the contrasting coexistence of undernutrition including micronutrient deficiencies and overweight/obesity called double burden of malnutrition has been noted at individual,household or population level and/or at different times in *** objective of this study was to examine individual,neighborhood and country level factors that are associated with the double burden of childhood ***:We conducted multivariable multilevel logistic regression analyses on the most recent demographic and health datasets from surveys conducted between 2015 and 2020 in low-and middle-income *** analyzed data of 138,782 children(level 1)living in 13,788 communities(level 2)from 27 countries(level 3).Results:The results of our analysis show variation in childhood malnutrition across the 27 countries from as low as 6.5%in Burundi to as high as 29.5%in Timor *** adjusting for all level factors,we found that those who were wasted/overweight tended to have had an episode of diarrhea or fever in the last two weeks preceding the survey,were part of a multiple birth,were being breastfed at the time of the survey and born to mothers with more than one under 5-child resident in neighborhoods with high illiteracy and unemployment *** intra-neighbourhood and intra-country correlation coefficients were estimated using the intercept component variance;44.3%and 21.0%of variance in odds of double burden of childhood malnutrition are consequent upon neighborhood and country level factors ***:Evidence of geographical clustering in childhood malnutrition at community and country levels was found in our study with variability due to neighborhood level factors twice that of country level ***,strategies in tackling the double burden of malnutrition must consider these shared drivers,contextual barriers a

关键词： Multilevel Malnutrition Childhood

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