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a.La.ora.ory Study of the Effect of Tempera.ure on Densities a.d Viscosities of Bina.y a.d Terna.y Blends of Soybea. Oil, Soy Biodiesel a.d Petroleum Diesel Oil

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a.va.ces in Chemica. Engineering a.d Science 2012年第4期2卷 444-452页

作者： oluwafunmilayo a. aworanti Sa.uel E. a.a.ry a.oba.i O. a.a.i Biochemica. Engineering a.d Biotechnology Resea.ch La.ora.ory Department of Chemical Engineering Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria

The depletion of world petroleum reserves a.d the increa.ed environmenta. concerns ha.e stimula.ed the sea.ch for a.terna.ive sources for petroleum ba.ed fuel. The possibility of using vegeta.le oils a. fuel ha. been recognized, however, due to its high viscosities a.d low vola.ilities ma.es it inefficient for most combustion engines a.d thus the need to get them chemica.ly a.tered or tra.sesterified to obta.n fa.ty a.kyl esters of the oil (biodiesel). In this study, bina.y a.d terna.y blends of biodiesel were produced a.d the effect of tempera.ure on their viscosity a.d density wa. investiga.ed. Biodiesel wa. produced from soybea. oil by tra.sesterifica.ion of the oil with metha.ol using pota.sium hydroxide a. a.ca.a.yst a. a.tempera.ure of 60℃ in a.ba.ch rea.tor. Bina.y a.d terna.y blends of the soy-biodiesel were prepa.ed with soy bea. oil a.d petroleum diesel fuel, respectively. Viscosities a.d densities of the bina.y a.d terna.y blends were mea.ured a. different tempera.ures of 20℃ to 90℃ a. to determine the effect of tempera.ure on viscosities a.d densities of the blends. The properties of the soy-biodiesel produced were compa.ed with a.TM sta.da.d a.d found to be within the limits. The results show tha. the viscosities a.d densities of both the bina.y a.d terna.y blends a.e tempera.ure dependent. The viscosities of bina.y a.d terna.y blends decrea.ed nonlinea.ly with tempera.ure, while their densities decrea.ed linea.ly with tempera.ure. The va.ia.ion of tempera.ure with viscosity a.d density of the blends wa. correla.ed a.d the polynomia. equa.ion offered the best correla.ion between tempera.ure a.d viscosity, while linea. equa.ion ga.e the best correla.ion between tempera.ure a.d density. In conclusion, the efficiency of bina.y a.d terna.y blends of biodiesel in combustion engines is dependent on the viscosity a.d density of the blends which a.e inva.ia.ly tempera.ure dependent.

关键词： Densities Viscosities Ba.ch Rea.tor Diesel Fuel Soy-Biodiesel Vegeta.le Oil

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Biodegra.a.ion of 2,6-Dichlorophenol Wa.tewa.er in Soil Column Rea.tor in the Presence of Pinea.ple Peels-Derived a.tiva.ed Ca.bon, Pa.m Kernel Oil a.d Inorga.ic Fertilizer

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Journa. of Environmenta. Protection 2013年第6期4卷 537-547页

作者： Sa.uel E. a.a.ry Mujida. O. a.emu oluwafunmilayo a. aworanti Biochemica. Engineering a.d Biotechnology La.ora.ory Department of Chemical Engineering Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria

In this study, the potentia. effects of pa.m kernel oil (PKO), pinea.ple peels derived-a.tiva.ed ca.bon (PPa.) a.d NPK fertilizer (20:10:10) a. a.endment a.ents on the na.ura. bioa.tenua.ion of 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) in tropica. a.ricultura. soil were investiga.ed. The effect of PPa. dosa.e on 2,6-DCP biodegra.a.ion wa. a.so studied. Column rea.tors conta.ning soil were spiked with 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) wa.tewa.er (300 mg/l) a.d a.ended with PKO, NPK fertilizer a.d PPa. a.one or in combina.ions. The ra.es of 2,6-DCP biodegra.a.ion were studied for a.remedia.ion period of 42 da.s under la.ora.ory conditions. The results showed tha. there wa. a.positive rela.ionship between the ra.e of 2,6-DCP biodegra.a.ion, ba.teria. growth ra.e a.d presence of NPK fertilizer a.d PPa. (a.one or in combina.ion) in soil column microcosms conta.ina.ed with 2,6-DCP. The 2,6-DCP biodegra.a.ion da.a.fitted well to the first-order kinetic model. The model revea.ed tha. 2,6-DCP conta.ina.ed-soil microcosms a.ended with NPK fertilizer a.d PPa. (a.one or in combina.ion) ha. higher biodegra.a.ion ra.e consta.ts (k) a. well a. lower ha.f-life times (t1/2) tha. soil column microcosms a.ended with PKO a.d una.ended soil (na.ura. a.tenua.ion) remedia.ion system. Thus, the use of combined NPK fertilizer a.d a.tiva.ed ca.bon (NPK + PPa.) to enha.ce 2,6-DCP degra.a.ion in the soil could be one of the severa.ly sought bioremedia.ion stra.egies of remedia.ing na.ura. ecosystem (environment) conta.ina.ed with orga.ic chemica.s.

关键词： a.tiva.ed Ca.bon Biodegra.a.ion Fertilizer Vegeta.le Oil Kinetics 2 6-Dichlorophenol

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