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Role of Plain Abdominal X-Ray in the Differential Diagnosis of Common Acute Abdominal Conditions in Children at olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Radiology 2023年第3期13卷 125-133页

作者： Nwokoro Chigbundu Collins Olatunji Ayodeji Anike Adekanmbi Abiodun Folashade Amosu Lukmon Olusesan Ogundele Olufemi Ibukunolu Olarewaju olufunke Yetunde Oyelekan Abimbola Adeola Departments of Surgery Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu Ogun State Nigeria Department of Radiology Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu Ogun State Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu Ogun State Nigeria

Background: The plain abdominal x-ray is one of the commonly requested investigations in the children emergency room, paediatric surgical ward and neonatal wards. The short interval required to carry out this investigative procedure and obtain results makes it the first imaging modality used to unravel the different causes of acute abdominal conditions in children. The safety of abdominal x-ray in children makes it attractive for use in paediatric surgical practice as part of routine work-up for undifferentiated acute abdominal conditions and also to diagnose specific causes of acute abdomen in children. Setting: olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State. Objectives: Evaluation of the role of plain abdominal x-ray in diagnosing common acute abdominal conditions in children. Materials and method: Patients admitted to the children emergency room, paediatric surgical wards, children’s ward and neonatal ward who had plain abdominal x-ray as part of their diagnostic work-up were included in the study. They were studied prospectively between March 2011 and April 2021. Results: Three Hundred and Ninety-nine patients who had plain abdominal x-rays as part of their diagnostic work-up were studied. Males were 240 while females were 159, a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. The patients were aged between 1 day to 16 years. Differential diagnoses made with plain abdominal x-ray were intestinal obstruction in 298, perforated viscus 69 patients, intra-abdominal masses 13 patients and location of intra-abdominal foreign body 14. Intestinal obstruction cases in which plain abdominal x-ray played a role in their diagnosis and management included the following: intussusception 66, neonatal sepsis 60, malrotation 48, intestinal atresia 42, anorectal malformation 32, hirschsprung’s disease in 30 cases, pyloric stenosis 24, obstructed hernia 22, post-operative adhesions 16 and intestinal helminthiasis 12. Perforated viscus accounted for 69 indications. Out of these i

关键词： Plain Abdominal X-Ray Differential Diagnosis Acute Abdominal Conditions Children

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Improving Diabetes Care by Data Feedback and Diabetes Templates

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第11期4卷 829-833页

作者： Charles M. Sow Folashade S. Omole Gregory Strayhorn Dominic Mack William A. Davis olabisi Omole Department of Family Medicine Morehouse School of Medicine East Point USA National Center for Primary Care (NCPC) Morehouse School of Medicine Atlanta USA

Importance: Health information technology has been used to improve diabetes care and outcomes. With the implementation of our diabetes registry, we discovered several flaws in the data. Objective: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate whether improving diabetes templates in electronic medical records associated with data feedback, improves process and quality outcomes for patients with diabetes. Methods: We redesigned our chronic diseases templates and clinical flow, built a diabetes registry and used the data for feedback to educate providers, staff and address inconsistencies. A total of 724 active diabetic patients were identified in October 2009 (pre-implementation) and 731 active diabetic patients were identified in June 2011 (post-implementation). Results: The results showed an improvement in the process outcomes of ordering hemoglobin A1C every 6 months and a microalbumin every 12 months (p-value 0.05). Discussion: Data feedback and lessons learned were instrumental to our practice change.

关键词： Electronic Health Records Diabetes Registry Data Feedback

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Intrigues and Challenges Associated with COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria

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Health 2020年第8期12卷 954-971页

作者： Kabiru Olusegun Akinyemi Christopher Oladimeji Fakorede A. Abdul Azeez Anjorin Rebecca Omotoyosi Abegunrin olabisi Adunmo Samuel Oluwasegun Ajoseh Funmilayo Monisola Akinkunmi Department of Microbiology Lagos State University Ojo Lagos Nigeria

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as a global health crisis, with 3,855,788 infected persons and 256,862 deaths worldwide as of May 9, 2020. In Nigeria, the first case of the pandemic was reported by the Nigerian Centre for Disease Control on February 27, 2020. Between the dates when the index case was reported and May 9, 2020, the nation has recorded a total of 4151 confirmed COVID-19 cases from 25,951 samples screened and 745 (18%) cases discharged with 128 deaths indicating a case fatality rate of 3.1%. Thirty-four (34) States and the Federal Capital Territory have recorded coronavirus disease. The most affected States in Nigeria is Lagos (epicentre of COVID-19) with 1764 cases, followed by 576 cases in Kano states and only one COVID-19 case in Anambra State 42 days since the last report of index case. Demographically, a total of 2828 male subjects have been infected representing 68% and 1323 female subjects representing 32%. The age group 31 - 40 years is mostly affected accounting for 24%. The number of people with travel history is 210 (5%), 947 (23%) contacts, 2618 (63%) without epidemiological link and 376 (9%) with an incomplete information. Nigeria is currently witnessing community transmission of COVID-19. Some observed issues aiding community transmission of COVID-19 in Nigeria are: the distrust of some Nigeria citizens towards government on COVID-19 management, poverty, religious beliefs, ignorance on face mask sharing, low level of informed populace, misconceptions, stigmatization of infected individuals, poor health facilities, inadequate testing Centre, shortage of health workers, poor treatment among others. Effective people’s health preventive behaviour and community-based health policy and strategies to mitigate these challenges are therein suggested.

关键词： Coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Challenges Health Nigeria

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Neonatal Cutaneous Myiasis: A Mistaken Identity for Impetigo

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第2期9卷 133-138页

作者： Iyabode olabisi Florence Dedeke Dominic Donatus Agbo Babatunde Hakeem Soile Samsudeen Opeyemi Alao Efe Evwibovwe Joyce Anwuri Akinseinde Department of Paediatrics Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta Nigeria

Introduction: Myiasis is a parasitic infestation of the animal body by fly larvae that grow inside the host and feed from its tissue. Myiasis occurs when eggs laid by female flies come in contact with the human skin where they feed and develop into the larvae. Greater numbers are noted in the less-developed countries where environmental hygiene remains a problem. Case Report: A case of a previously healthy 10-day old female neonate delivered in a specialist hospital but was infested by the larval forms of the blowfly with over 50 papules widely distributed to all parts of the body excluding the diaper area which was initially mistaken for impetigo. Conclusion: This case is to heighten the index of suspicion in this category of babies especially in endemic settings and reiterate the need to handle newborn clothing with better care such as ironing especially where such articles are aired in the open.

关键词： Diptera Impetigo Myiasis Neonate Tumbu Fly

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Antioxidant and chemical properties of essential oil extracted from blend of selected spices

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第7期 575-578页

作者： Ochuko Lucky Erukainure Funmi olabisi Kayode Olubanke Adetutu Adeyoju Sunday Oluwaseun Adenekan Godfrey Asieba Atinuke Ajayi Mosebolatan Victoria Adegbola Bolanle Basirat Sarumi Department of Food Technology Federal Institute of Industrial ResearchLagosNigeria Analytical Division Federal Institute of Industrial ResearchLagosNigeria Department of Biochemistry University of LagosLagosNigeria Department of Laboratory Technology Federal PolytechnicEdeNigeria

Objective:To investigate the chemical properties of essential oil extracted from blends of selected Nigerian spices as well as its antioxidant protective potentials against free radical in ***:Essential oil was extracted from selected spices blend consisting of Monodora myristica,Myristica fragrans,Tetrapleura tetraptera,and Aframomum sceptrum using a Clevenger type *** obtained was subjected to phytochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis as well as analyzed for antioxidant activity which covers for 1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl,nitric oxide scavenging activities and reducing ***:Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis revealed over 50 compoundfs withα-phellandrene being the most predominant compound(27.32%),which was followed by(-)-β-bourbonene(15.78%)and 5-(1-methylethyl)-α-phellandrene(11.80%).Phytochemical analysis showed high flavonoid content and a lower phenolic *** oil showed a dose like dependent effect on the1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl and nitric oxide scavenging activities,these activities increased with increasing *** same was also observed for the reducing power properties of the ***:The antioxidant activities exhibited by the essential oil in vitro signify its protective potential against free *** chemical constituents,α-phellandrene in particular and the studied phytochemicals may be responsible for these ***,in vivo study is needed to further authenticate this potency.

关键词： α-phellandrene Antioxidant DPPH Nitric oxidant Spices

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Effects of Carbon Monoxide on Haematological and Haemostatic Parameters among the Exposed Workers at Generator Servicing Centres in Benin City

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Health 2022年第7期14卷 737-750页

作者： Grace Umahi-Ottah Ronke Uzuajemeh Ireneh Babatunde Ishola Gabriel Adejumo Fidelis Ohiremen Oyakhire olufunke Victoria Aiyegbusi Uchechukwu Dimkpa Oladimeji Nasiru Abdulrahman Emmanuel Ojeideleko Akhaumere Feyisayo Olayemi Aiyesoro Department of Physiology Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science University of Benin Benin Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science College of Health Sciences Joseph Ayo Babalola University Ikeji Arakeji Nigeria Department of Nursing Science College of Health Sciences Joseph Ayo Babalola University Ikeji Arakeji Nigeria Department of Physiology Nnewi Campus Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science College of Health Technology Offa Nigeria Department of Chemical Pathology National Hospital Abuja Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science College of Health Technology Akure Nigeria

Objectives: Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odourless and highly toxic gas produced from incomplete combustion of fuel. This gas has capacity to bind with haemoglobin to compete for oxygen uptake when inhaled, thereby altering the blood physiology. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of carbon monoxide on haematology and haemostasis parameters among the exposed workers at gasoline generators service centre in Benin City. Methodology: Eighty-eight participants (workers n = 44 and;controls n = 44) took part in this study. Carbon monoxide used for this study was sourced from the smoke being emitted by gasoline generators during repairs. The participants’ haematological parameters were analysed using haematology autoanalyzer (Sysmex Poch 100i model, Germany), while PT and PTTK were assayed using standard methods. Results: The mean values of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), platelets (PLT), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width coefficient variation (RDW-CV) observed in both the workers at generator service center and their controls fell within normal ranges, but the mean red cell distribution width standard deviation (RDW-SD) of workers at generator service center fell below normal as against the normal value for controls. There were no significant differences in serum concentrations of lymphocytes (p = 0.134), and granulocytes (p = 0.584). In contrast, significantly (p Conclusion: In this study, carbon monoxide emitted during repairs has no deleterious effects on haematological and haemostasis parameters of the exposed workers at generator service centre in Benin City. However, PT and PTT exceeded normal value in the workers at the generator service centre compared to the controls. More work needs to be done especially on longer duration of exposure and at various concentrations of carbon monoxide exposur

关键词： Generator Smoke Full Blood Count Haematological Haemostasis

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Direct Calculation of Unsteady-State Weymouth Equations for Gas Volumetric Flow Rate with Different Friction Factors in Horizontal and Inclined Pipes

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Engineering（科研） 2012年第4期4卷 202-209页

作者： Abayomi O. Olatunde Tunde A. Adeosun Mohammed A. Usman olabisi M. Odunlami Moses A. Olowofoyeku Testy E. Ekakitie Atanda M. Mohammed Department of Chemical Engineering Lagos State Polytechnic Lagos Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Department of Civil Engineering Yaba College of Technology Yaba Nigeria Department of Mathematics Yaba College of Technology Yaba Nigeria

Direct calculations of unsteady-state Weymouth equations for gas volumetric flow rate occur more frequently in the design and operation analysis of natural gas systems. Most of the existing gas pipelines design procedures are based on a particular friction factor and steady-state flow analysis. This paper examined the behavior of different friction factors and the need to develop model analysis capable of calculating unsteady-state gas flow rate in horizontal and inclined pipes. The results show different variation in flow rate with Panhandle A and Panhandle B attaining stability in accurate time with initial unsteadiness at the instance of flow. Chen and Jain friction factors have opposition to flow with high flow rate: The prediction also reveals that Colebrook-White degenerated to Nikuradse friction factor at high Reynolds number. The horizontal and inclined flow equations are considerably enhanced on the usage of different friction factors with the aid of Matlab to handle these calculations.

关键词： Unsteady-State Flow Rate Friction Factor Stability Variations Unsteadiness

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Labetalol versus Hydralazine in the Management of Severe Pre-Eclampsia at Tertiary Hospitals in a Low-Resource Setting: A Randomised Controlled Trial

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第6期13卷 1058-1067页

作者： Uzoma Otutoaja Adeyemo olabisi Timothy Emmanuel Olumide Adewara Olufunmilayo Victoria Adebara Augustine Adebayo Adeniyi Babatunde Sunday Awoyinka Raymond Akujuobi Okere Idowu Oluseyi Adebara Adewumi Bakare Mojisola Olumide Ayankunle Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Ado-Ekiti/Federal Teaching Hospital Afe Babalola University Ido-Ekiti Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Ado-Ekiti/Federal Teaching Hospital Afe Babalola University Ido-Ekiti Nigeria

Objective: Intravenous labetalol and hydralazine are both considered first-line medications for the management of acute-onset, severe hypertension in pregnant and postpartum women. The study compared the efficacy and safety profile of intravenous labetalol and hydralazine in the control hypertension in severe pre-eclampsia. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients who presented with severe pre-eclampsia were randomized into two study groups. The fifty patients in each arm of the study received either intravenous labetalol or intravenous hydralazine for the control of blood pressure. Results: The mean age of the labetalol subjects was 28.6 ± 5.47 years while that of their hydralazine counterparts was 29.12 ± 5.77 years. The majority of respondents in both groups were primigravidae (76% vs. 78%) (P = 0.813). The number of doses of drug needed to significantly lower the mean systolic blood pressure was slightly lower in the labetalol group (2 doses) compared to the hydralazine group (5 doses) (t = 0.803Y, P = 0.977). The incidence of headaches which were the commonest complaints was comparable in both groups 8% and 10% of respondents respectively (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Although both intravenous labetalol and hydralazine are useful in patients with severe pre-eclampsia, the response to labetalol was better with comparable side effects.

关键词： Blood Pressure Hydralazine Labetalol Low-Resource Setting Severe Pre-Eclampsia Side Effects

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Maternal Serum Lipids in Pre-Eclamptic and Normotensive Pregnant Women: A Case-Control Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第11期11卷 1619-1628页

作者： Olumide Emmanuel Adewara Adeleye Niyi Ogundolire Adebayo Augustine Adeniyi Segun Murtala Ghazali Sunday Babatunde Awoyinka Idowu Adebara Olumide Mojisola Ayankunle Ayokunle Moses Olumodeji olabisi Timothy Adeyemo Adewumi Bakare Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti Ekiti State Nigeria Department of Chemical Pathology Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti Ekiti State Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja Lagos State Nigeria

Background: Preeclampsia-eclampsia is a major contributor to maternal and fetal, morbidity and mortality especially in low to middle income countries. This hypertensive disorder of pregnancy remains a disease of theories due to its unclear etiology. We evaluated for possible associations between maternal serum lipids and preeclampsia. Methods: This was a prospective case-control study that recruited 60 consenting women diagnosed with preeclampsia (cases) and 60 normotensive healthy pregnant women (controls), matched for maternal age and gestational age over an 8-month period (18th June, 2014 to 18th February, 2015) at the Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria. Cases and controls were recruited using the non-probability convenience sampling. Fasting venous blood samples were collected in both cases and controls and analyzed for serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) using Randox standard enzymatic methods. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 18 to compare and test for significance using Student t-test, Chi-square, and Pearson’s correlation as the appropriate. Tests of association were determined using logistic regression models. The difference was considered significant at P Findings: The mean serum levels of TC, HDL and LDL were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the pre-eclamptics (6.6 ± 2.9 mmol/L, 2.1 ± 1.0 mmol/L and 3.6 ± 2.6 mmol/L) th

关键词： Pregnancy and Serum Lipids Serum Lipids and Preeclampsia Preeclampsia

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Malaria Retinopathy among Under-Five Children with Severe and Uncomplicated Malaria in a Tertiary Health Institution in Southwest Nigeria: A Comparative Study

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第3期13卷 355-374页

作者： Olusoji Omotayo Olayinka Philip Olayele Abiodun Tolulope Opeoluwa Jegede Ifedayo olabisi Fasoranti Qasim Olakunle Salau Abiodun John Kareem Juliet Nnenda Olayinka Evbenaye Stanley Obasohan Babatunde David Babalola Adeoye Adeleke Ademuyiwa Foluwakemi Tope Ekogiawe Ikechukwu Sunday Abazu Emmanuel Olasunkanmi Babalola Department of Paediatrics Federal Medical Centre Owo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti Nigeria

Introduction: Malaria retinopathy refers to retinal abnormalities unique to malaria resulting from prolonged parasitization by Plasmodium falciparum. Identifying these features and treating them promptly could prevent lethal complications of malaria. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and compare retinal findings in severe and uncomplicated malaria. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 260 subjects was equally divided into two groups of severe and uncomplicated malaria. Direct ophthalmoscopy was done at recruitment for all subjects. Information on sociodemographics, physical examination, nutritional status, and retinal abnormalities were recorded. A p-value Results: There were 141 (54.2%) males and 70 (26.9%) aged between 13 - 24 months. Severe anaemia, multiple convulsions, prostration, and cerebral malaria were the predominant forms of severe malaria. Twenty-three (17.7%) subjects with severe malaria and none with uncomplicated malaria had retinopathy. Retinal whitening (17.7%), vessel changes (16.2%), and retinal haemorrhages (5.4%) were the major forms of retinopathy. Retinopathy occurred in 43.8% of those with cerebral malaria. Retinal whitening and vessel changes were significantly associated with multiple convulsions, cerebral malaria, and metabolic acidosis;retinal haemorrhage was associated with cerebral malaria and haemoglobinuria (p = 0.022) and vessel changes with hypoglycaemia (p = 0.037). Cerebral malaria was an independent predictor of retinal whitening (p = 0.004) and vessel changes (p = 0.008) while haemoglobinuria was an independent predictor of retinal haemorrhages (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Ophthalmoscopy is an important examination in children with severe malaria which could assist in early detection and with prompt treatment, reduce morbidities and mortalities.

关键词： Children Malaria Nigeria Ophthalmoscopy Retinopathy

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