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Burnout and mental distress among community health workers in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of studies during the COViD-19 pandemic

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Global Health Journal 2024年第4期8卷 162-171页

作者： oluchi i.ndulue Anand Chukka John A.Naslund Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Harvard Medical School BostonMassachusettsUSA

Community health workers(CHWs)represent the backbone of primary health systems,especially in many low-and middle-income countries(LMiCs).The coronavirus disease 2019(COViD-19)pandemic stretched health sys-tems and increased the workload for *** objective of this scoping review was to identify the mental health symptoms experienced among CHWs in LMiCs during the COViD-19 *** searched PubMed for published literature,from January 1,2020 to December 31,2022 that focused on documenting the experiences of burnout,distress,and mental health symptoms among CHWs in *** quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs institute Critical Appraisal *** studies were grouped into the follow-ing broad thematic categories:(1)symptoms experienced;(2)drivers of different mental health symptoms;and(3)strategies for coping with different *** identified 10 cross-sectional,qualitative,and observational studies from 11 LMiCs in South and Southeast Asia,South America,and Eastern/Southern Africa that assessed the mental health burden CHWs faced during the *** studies identified disorders and symptoms such as depression,anxiety,fear,burnout,worsened stress,and *** factors included increased work-load,financial constraints,and an understaffed and underequipped *** reported using different adaptive responses like humor,support from family and colleagues,denial,and substance use,and asked for recommended regular mental health checkups and *** research and policies should be targeted to-wards promoting the mental wellbeing of CHWs to help ensure responsive and resilient health systems in LMiCs in the face of future emerging public health threats.

关键词： Community health worker Burnout Stress Coronavirus disease 2019(COViD-19) Low-and middle-income countries(LMiCs) Mental health distress

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Arctic sea-ice extent: No record minimum in 2023 or recent years

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 52-55页

作者： Ola M.Johannessen Tor i.Olaussen Nansen Scientific Society BergenNorway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center BergenNorway

Arctic sea-ice extent reaches its minimum each year in September. On 11 September 2023 the minimum was 4.969 million square kilometers(***^(2)). This was not a record low, which occurred in 2012, when the minimum was 4.175 ***^(2), 0.794 ***^(2) less than the minimum in 2023. However, the ice extent had decreased by 0.432 ***^(2) compared with 2022. Nevertheless, the summer melting in 2023 was remarkably less than expected when considering the strong heat waves in the atmosphere and ocean, with record temperatures set around the world. in general, there is a high correlation between the long-term decrease in sea-ice extent and the increasing CO_(2) in the atmosphere, where the increase of CO_(2) in recent decades explains about 80% of the decrease in sea ice in September, while the remainder is caused by natural variability.

关键词： Sea ice Arctic Minimum ice Climate

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Coarse to Fine: The Role of Severe Plastic Deformation in Advancing Titanium-Based Medical implants - A Comprehensive Review

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 295-306页

作者： Dragana R Mihajlović Bojan i Međo ivana Lj Cvijović-Alagić Veljko R Djokić Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of BelgradeKarnegijeva 411120 BelgradeSerbia Vinča institute of Nuclear Sci-ences-National institute of the Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade11001BeogradSerbia innovation Centre of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Karnegijeva 411120 BelgradeSerbia

This paper describes severe plastic deformation(SPD)procedures,which are utilized to form an ultrafine-grained structure in metallic *** the SPD process,a solid material sample is subjected to very high loads without a significant change in sample *** the present work,the high-pressure torsion(HPT)process,as one of the SPD techniques,which achieves a high degree of deformation and ensures refinement of the microstructure,will be discussed in more *** that grain size control is accepted as a method to obtain materials with desired characteristics,an overview of the properties of ultrafine-grained titanium-based biomaterials to be used in medicine is ***,particular attention is dedicated to the influences of HPT process parameters,primarily hydrostatic pressure,and number of revolutions during torsion,on the grain size and physical and mechanical characteristics(modulus of elasticity,microhardness,and tensile properties),corrosion resistance,and biocompatibility of the titanium-based biomaterials.A review of the literature indicates that titanium-based materials obtained by the SPD process show improved mechanical and physical properties without losing biocompatibility and corrosion resistance,which suggests that these methods of obtaining implants are something that should be further developed in the future.

关键词： high-pressure torsion process ultrafine-grained titanium-based materials electrochemical anodization physical properties mechanical properties

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Multisensory mechanisms of gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease:an integrative review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 82-92页

作者： Stiven Roytman Rebecca Paalanen Giulia Carli Uros Marusic Prabesh Kanel Teus van Laar Nico i.Bohnen Department of Radiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Morris K.Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA institute for Kinesiology Research Science and Research Centre KoperKoperSlovenia Department of Health Sciences Alma Mater Europaea–ECMMariborSlovenia Parkinson’s Foundation Research Center of Excellence University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Neurology Service and GRECC VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMIUSA

Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging *** and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous *** effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory *** mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present *** multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older *** emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and *** the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s *** also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older ***,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： aging balance encephalography functional magnetic resonance imaging gait multisensory integration Parkinson’s disease positron emission tomography somatosensory vestibular visual

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Apolipoprotein A-i binding protein-mediated neuroprotection in glaucomatous neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1414-1415页

作者： Sinwoo Hwang Seunghwan Choi Soo-Ho Choi Keun-Young Kim Yury i.Miller Won-Kyu Ju Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye institute The Viterbi Family Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Medicine University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA National Center for Microscopy and imaging Research Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

Glaucoma is a multifactorial eye disorder that can cause vision loss and irreversible blindness,affecting individ uals aged 40 to 80 yea rs *** to the aging population,it is expected that the number of people affected by glaucoma will surpass 111 million by 2040 as the disease becomes more *** primarily contributes to optic nerve axon loss and the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),subsequently leading to vision impairment.

关键词： irreversible pass primarily

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Evaluation of HBsAg Quantification as Surrogate to HBV DNA Viral Load in Hepatitis B infected Patients in Anambra State, Nigeria

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2020年第3期10卷 129-140页

作者： Chinwe Obiomah Grace Amilo israel ndulue Department of HiV Care Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Campus Nnewi Nigeria

Hepatitis B is an infectious disease of great public health importance. Nigeria is one of the countries with the highest incidence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection worldwide. However, the accessibility and afford... 详细信息

iv style="text-align:justify;"> Hepatitis B is an infectious disease of great public health importance. Nigeria is one of the countries with the highest incidence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection worldwide. However, the accessibility and affordability of HBV DNA quantification (viral load) assay is the key laboratory test for therapy initiation, and monitoring is a challenge to HBV management. This study aimed at determining the relationship between HBV DNA quantification and routine haemato-serological parameters in order to develop a more cost-effective diagnostic algorithm for Hepatitis B management. Cross sectional study design was used with a total of 264 subjects comprising of 88 HBsAg seropositive treatment naïve subjects, 88 HBsAg seropositive subjects on antiviral therapy as case subjects and 88 age-matched apparently healthy HBsAg seronegative individuals were recruited as control subjects. Hepatitis B Virus DNA assay was performed using real time PCR technique while ELiSA technique was used for Hepatitis B surface antigen quantification. HBsAg quantification showed strong positive correlation with HBV DNA viral load both in treatment and non-treatment groups (r = 0.673;p iver Operation Characteristics curve indicated a very poor performance characteristics (AUC = 0.537, p = 0.002). The non-treatment group has higher viral load (M = 805.50 iU/ml) compared with treatment group (M = 65.50 iU/ml) (p ignificant difference in HBV DNA levels among the four serological patterns observed in the study (p is study has revealed that HBsAg quantification has strong correlation with HBV viral load but might not be efficient in clinical practice as a predictor of serum HBV viral load due to its poor performance characteristics in identifying high positive viral load. iv>

关键词： Hepatis B Virus HBsAg Quantification HBV DNA

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Prognostic impact of inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers in pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2025年第1期16卷 5-9页

作者： Macarena Teja María i Garrido Abrahams Ocanto Felipe Counago Department of Radiation Oncology GenesisCare-San Francisco de Asís University HospitalMadrid 28002Spain Department of Radiation Oncology GenesisCare-Vithas La Milagrosa University HospitalMadrid 28010Spain National Director GenesisCare SpainMadrid 28043Spain Department of Medicine School of MedicineHealth and SportEuropean University of MadridMadrid 28670Spain

Pancreatic cancer is usually associated with a poor *** is the main curative treatment but pancreatic operations are aggressive and new tools that help clinicians to predict surgical and prognostic outcomes are *** et al recently published a retrospective,single centre cohort study evaluating the impact of seven nutritional and inflammatory markers in pancreatic cancer surgical patients:The albumin-to-globulin ratio,prognostic nutritional index(PNi),systemic immune-inflammation index(Sii),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),nutritional risk index,and the geriatric nutritional risk index.A significant correlation was found between the PNi,Sii,NLR,and PLR and a hospital discharge of less than 15 *** a univariable analysis,PNi,Sii,NLR and PLR were significantly related to recurrence-free survival and,in a multivariable analysis PNi was associated with overall *** meta-analyses corroborate the results in terms of prognosis but individual studies are discordant on their ***,the cut-off values for these markers vary significantly between studies and there are no clinical trials comparing them to identify the most relevant *** are limitations when implementing nutritional and inflammatory biomarkers into clinical practice and further studies are needed in order to answer these questions.

关键词： inflammatory biomarkers Nutritional biomarkers Pancreatic cancer Prognosis Surgical complications

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interrelationship between some morphometric parameters and bodyweight of tank-based cultured African catfish(Clarias gariepinus Burchell,1822)

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第6期6卷 628-633页

作者： ikenna Onyekwelu Chinenye Chukwuemeka Anyadike Nelson ike Ossai Oji Achuka Nwoke Emeka Leonard ndulue Department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering University of NigeriaNsukka410001Enugu StateNigeria Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology University of NigeriaNsukka410001Enugu StateNigeria

Morphometrics and fish bodyweight studies have shown great importance in estimation of productivity and stock assessment for some fish species. Herein, the aim of this study was to identify the morphometric parameter(s) that has most direct correlation with bodyweight of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The experimental layouts were four groups of experimental units, each group was replicated twice. Morphometric parameters considered in this study were total length, standard length, head length, head width and snout length. Data collected were processed and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analyses at 5% significant level. Results revealed significantly high correlations between bodyweight and morphometric parameters, with values ranging from 0.834 to 0.977 (upper and lower limits for total and snout lengths respectively). The results further revealed that relationship between bodyweight and morphometric parameters followed third-degree polynomial, with R2 ranging from 0.700 to 0.969 (upper and lower limits for total and snout lengths respectively). Significant high correlations (>0.85) exist between morphometric parameters selected for this study. in conclusion, in sampling programs of African catfish where the aim is to select fishes with high bodyweights, emphasis should be given to fishes with highest total length.

关键词： Clarias gariepinus Bodyweight Morphometrics Total length Parameters

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Translation of Well-being Assessment instruments in African Contexts: A Mapping Review and Future Directions

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Journal of Psychological Research 2023年第4期5卷 15-35页

作者： JohnBosco Chika Chukwuorji oluchi Miracle Osondu Department of Psychology University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu State410001Nigeria Center for Translation and implementation Research(CTAiR) Enugu400001Nigeria C.S.Mott Department of Public Health College of Human MedicineFlintMichigan48502USA

A fundamental requirement for proper measurement of well-being in diverse contexts is the appropriate translation of well-being measures into the languages spoken by the specific *** aim of this paper is to identify measures of well-being that have been translated into African languages up to the year 2019 and make suggestions for researchers who are faced with the challenge of translating well-being instruments into local *** databases were searched to identify published studies reporting the translation of well-being instruments into African *** researchers were further contacted and requested to provide relevant studies.A total of 352 publications were retrieved and 44 translated measures met the inclusion *** showed that all the translated African language versions of existing measures were published between 2006 and *** the published translations were increasingly widespread,the distribution of available studies was uneven,with very low published translation activity in East and North Africa and a preponderance of publications on translated instruments in South *** authors suggest deriving population norms for relevant translations;increasing funding and other resources for translation projects;developing cross-national collaborations on translations;and making the translated versions of well-being instruments more accessible for use by other researchers.

关键词： Adaptation Africa Quality of life Psychometrics Translation Well-being

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An Optimal DASH Diet Model for People with Hypertension Using Linear Programming Approach

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Open Journal of Optimization 2016年第1期5卷 14-21页

作者： Anayo Charles iwuji Mercy Nnanna Nonso ifeyinwa C. ndulue Department of Statistics Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria

Selecting diets by quantitative techniques is becoming increasingly common. Linear programming is the most popular technique for the selection of least cost mixes of food to meet specific nutritional requirements for a particular group of persons for either general health or disease-related reason. Hypertension is a silent killer and its prevalence rate especially in the developing countries, which has been mostly associated to demographic, environmental and genetic factors, is becoming alarming. The DASH diet has been clinically proven to prevent and control hypertension. in this paper, a model that provides a Daily Optimal (minimum cost) DASH Diet plan for people with hypertension is formulated. The objective is to obtain daily minimum cost diet plans that satisfy the DASH Diets’ nutrients Tolerable Upper and Lower intake for different daily Calorie Levels. The formulated DASH diet model was further illustrated using real data set with food samples gotten from the DASH eating plan chart. A DASH diet model for a hypertensive person with a 2000-daily-caloric need was formulated and its optimal diet plan for a day obtained with a total cost of 944.41 Naira. Optimal diet plans for other recommended daily calorie levels were also obtained.

关键词： DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Hypertension Minimum Cost Diet Plan Linear Programming Diet Problem

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