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Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and associated risk factors among adult females infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Ogun State,Nigeria

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Infectious Diseases Research 2023年第3期4卷 1-9页

作者： John Cletus Ihongbe Seyi Samson Enitan Michael Olugbamila Dada oluchi ofem oluchi Gladys ofem Effiong Joseph Effiong Olalekan Ademola Kemiki Amarachi Favour Ogbonna Department of Medical Laboratory Science Babcock UniversityIlishan-Remo 121103StateNigeria Babcock University Teaching Hospital Molecular and Tissue Culture LaboratoryIlishan-Remo 121103Nigeria

Background:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa,including Nigeria,and is frequently observed in individuals co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).Objective:This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of serological markers for hepatitis B virus and identify the associated risk factors among women with HIV undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)in Ogun State,***:Ethical approval was obtained from the Babcock University Health Research Ethics Committee(BUHREC)to recruit a total of 110 adult women infected with HIV,receiving treatment at the HIV clinics of Babcock University Teaching Hospital(BUTH)in Ilishan-Remo and General Hospital in Ijebu-Ode,both located in Ogun State,*** participants’HIV status were confirmed using three rapid diagnostic kits:Determine(Abbott Laboratories,Tokyo,Japan),Unigold HIV(Trinity Biotech Plc Bray,***,Ireland),and 1/2 Stat Pak(Abbott Laboratories,Tokyo,Japan)(Chembio Diagnostic Systems,New York,USA).Additionally,an HBV 5 in 1 Panel manufactured by Innovation Biotechnology Co.,Ltd in Beijing,China,was employed to detect HBV markers qualitatively in serum ***:Out of the 110 subjects that voluntarily participated in the study,4(3.6%)tested positive for HBsAg,2(1.8%)tested positive for HBsAb,81(73.6%)tested positive for HBeAg,3(2.7%)tested positive for HBeAb,and 65(59.1%)tested positive for *** was no significant correlation between the occurrence of HBsAg and the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants(P>0.05).Various risk factors were identified,including lack of knowledge about HBV,absence of HBV vaccination history,history of blood transfusion,organ transplant,and engaging in unprotected sex,among ***:The findings highlight the presence of HBV infection among HIV-positive women undergoing HAART in Ogun State,Nigeria,particularly within the age groups of 18–25 years and 26–30 *** results emphasize the n

关键词： hepatitis B virus serological markers HIV HAART adult females South-West Nigeria

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A novel three-step implicit iteration process for threeΦ-hemicontractive mapping in the intermediate sense

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2023年第2期38卷 248-263页

作者： Godwin Amechi Okeke Austine Efut ofem Functional Analysis and Optimization Research Group Laboratory(FANORG) Department of Math-ematicsSchool of Physical SciencesFederal University of Technology OwerriP.M.B.1526 OwerriImo StateNigeria School of Mathematics Statistics and Computer ScienceUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa Department of Mathematics University of UyoUyoNigeria

In this paper,we introduce a three-step composite implicit iteration process for approximating the common fixed point of three uniformly continuous and asymptotically generalizedΦ-hemicontractive mappings in the intermediate *** prove that our proposed iteration process converges to the common fixed point of three finite family of asymptotically generalizedΦ-hemicontractive mappings in the intermediate *** results extends,improves and complements several known results in literature.

关键词： xed point asymptotically genralizedΦ-hemicontractive mapping in the intermediate sense uniformly continuos implicit iteration process strong convergence Banach spaces

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Heavy Metals Contaminated Environments and the Road Map with Phytoremediation

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第1期7卷 41-51页

作者： Eucharia oluchi Nwaichi Om Parkash Dhankher University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA

This review presents the justification of research into heavy metals and clean-up technologies with particular emphasis on phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils. The generating sectors and heavy metal contaminant contributors are reviewed alongside likely types. The new paradigm by researchers in response to negative impacts of various clean-up methodologies has been discussed. This work reports limitations and prospects of phytoremediation in view of the future direction and reviewed issues with bioavaliability, mobility, and response by plants to heavy metals in their environment. It reviews various plants used in phytoremediation of heavy metals and level of success recorded by teeming researchers. Diverse options available for optimization of this relatively novel technique to enhance performance have been elaborated. Suggestions for responsible abandonment of emitting sites and facilities, safety issues and appropriate disposal and management methods for plants used in this technology have been documented.

关键词： Phytoremediation Heavy Metals Soil Contamination Biosafety Phytotoxicity

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Do model choice and sample ratios separately or simultaneously influence soil organic matter prediction?

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第3期10卷 470-486页

作者： Kingsley John Yassine Bouslihim Kokei Ikpi ofem Lahcen Hssaini Rachid Razouk Paul Bassey Okon Isong Abraham Isong Prince Chapman Agyeman Ndiye Michael Kebonye Chengzhi Qin Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection Faculty of AgrobiologyFoodand Natural ResourcesCzech University of Life SciencesKamýcka 12916500PragueCzech Republic National Institute of Agricultural Research Morocco Department of Soil Science Faculty of AgricultureForestry and Wildlife Resources ManagementUniversity of CalabarPMB 1115540004Etta Agbo RoadCalabarNigeria State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing100101China

This study was performed to examine the separate and simultaneous influence of predictive models’choice alongside sample ratios selection in soil organic matter(SOM).The research was carried out in northern Morocco,characterized by relatively cold weather and diverse geological *** dataset herein used accounted for 1591 soil samples,which were randomly split into the following ratios:10%(∼150 sample ratio),20%(∼250 sample ratio),35%(∼450 sample ratio),50%(∼600 sample ratio)and 95%(∼1200 sample ratio).Models herein involved were ordinary kriging(OK),regression kriging(RK),multiple linear regression(MLR),random forest(RF),quantile regression forest(QRF),Gaussian process regression(GPR)and an ensemble *** findings in the study showed that the accuracy of SOM prediction is sensitive to both predictive models and sample *** combined with 95%sample ratio performed equally to RF in conjunction with all the sample ratios,as the latter did not show much sensitivity to sample *** results revealed that RF with a∼10%sample ratio could also be optimum for predicting SOM in the study *** conclusion,the findings herein reported could be instrumental for producing cost-effective detailed and accurate spatial estimation of SOM in other ***,they could serve as a baseline study for future research in the region or ***,we recommend conducting series of simulation of all possible combinations between various predictive models and sample ratios as a preliminary step in soil organic matter prediction.

关键词： Analysis of variance Agriculture Digital soil mapping Predictive mapping Mediterranean

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Sociodemographic correlates and associated factors of depression and anxiety among internally displaced adults in Ogoja, Nigeria

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General Psychiatry 2022年第2期35卷 137-147页

作者： Ugbe Maurice-Joel Ugbe Ekpereonne Babatunde Esu Joseph Ajah Efut Marvin Muji Bisongedam Theresa Mark Awa ofem Irom Ekpo Public Health University of CalabarCalabarCross River Nigeria

Background Displaced persons in Nigeria experience various difficultiesat different stages of their displacement,including mental and physical proble *** experiences have been associated with different types of mental *** This study sought to identify sociodem ographic correlates and other factors associated with depression and anxiety among internally displaced adults in Ogoja,Cross River State,*** A cross-sectional study was conducted using non-probabilityand probability sampling *** displaced adults(n=335)were identified in Ogoja locations with a high prevalence of internally displaced persons(IDPs).Their mental health symptoms were assessed using the Common Mental Disorder *** asemistructured questionnaire was employed to collect data on sociodemographic and displacement-related *** were analysed using descriptive statistics.x^(2)analysis and multivariable logistic *** The prevalence of subtypes was 66.0%for anxiety disorder and 73.4%for *** found to be significant in each bivariate x^(2)analysis were modelled for each *** multivariate analysis revealed that prolonged displacement(adjusted odds ratio(AOR)=3.64;p=0.048),reduced family size(AOR=0.28;p<0.001)and fears of reprisal attacks(AOR=4.19;p=0.004)were significantly associated with anxiety *** gender(AOR=2.09;p=0.015).prolonged displacement(AOR=3.55;p-0.020).reducedfamily size(AOR=0.55;p=0.049),financial strain(AOR=5.43 p=0.023)and loss of loved ones(AOR=1.92;p=0.040)were significantly associated with *** The implications of the findings underline the complex aetiology of these two mental problems and the need to cater to the well-being of those at risk who have been exposed to trauma-related *** and affordable mental health services should be provided for these persons while also considering a social welfare scheme that covers their health ***

关键词： displacement sectional conducting

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Selected Heavy Metals in Some Oil Polluted Sites in Delta State Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第10期7卷 1389-1410页

作者： Eucharia oluchi Nwaichi Lawrence C. Chuku Erhieyovwen Ighoavwogan Faculty of Engineering The University of Nottingham Nottingham UK Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

Concentrations of selected heavy metals, nutrient elements and PAHs in farms and produce (cassava tubers and oil bean seeds) from 4-year-old crude oil impacted areas (Ekore and Uduvwoku) and a non-oil-impacted area (Okpe), all in Ughelli South Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria, were investigated to ascertain degree of risk posed. A random sampling design was chosen with three replications. Results obtained revealed significantly (P -1) Cd (0.240, 0.140) and Cr (1.327, 3.122) in cassava samples for Ekore and Uduvwoku respectively in comparison to non-detectable amount for those of non-impacted source and exceeded set WHO limits of 0.1 and 0.05 mg·kg-1 respectively. Although PAHs were low, oil spill increased available levels by factor of 2.5 and 5 for Ekore and Uduvwoku respectively. Again, Cd and Cr exceeded WHO limit for study impacted soils. Available N, P and K decreased (%) by 56.1, 28.5 and 2.4 for Ekore and 82.9, 39.9 and 45.5 for Uduvwoku Cassava samples. Nutrient profiling in oil bean revealed % reduction in avaliable N, P and K by 33.7, 47.7 and 57.9 and 28.9, 76.3 and 39.8 for Ekore and Uduvwoku samples respectively. For oil bean, Cd and Cr did not differ markedly between polluted samples but exceeded WHO limits. Other studied contaminants fell within limits. In soils, available N, P and K decreased (%) by 39.6, 79.1 and 27.4 for Ekore and 53, 88.1 and 45.5 for Uduvwoku samples. Low pH of 5.3 and 5.7 in Ekore and Uduvwoku respectively may increase the leachability of Cr into groundwater. Biopersistent Cd and Cr were found to biomagnify up the food chain and may impair major processes. Although PAHs were relatively low, their % composition was more of High Molecular Weight that was less readily biodegraded by indigenous microorganisms, and hence can persist in the environment as carcinogens.

关键词： Biomagnification Crude Oil Spill Cassava Oil Bean Niger Delta Carcinogens

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Physicochemical Characteristics, Degradation Rate and Vulnerability Potential of Obudu Cattle Ranch Soils in Southeast Nigeria

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第2期4卷 57-63页

作者： A. U. Akpan-Idiok K. I. ofem Department of Soil Science University of Calabar Cross River State Nigeria.

Obudu Cattle Ranch covers an area of 2400 hactares at an altitude of 900 - 1500 m above mean sea level and is suitable for cultivation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), spinach (Spinacia oleracea) cabbage (Brassica oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) because of its semitemperate climate. Physicochemical characteristics, degradation rates and vulnerability potential of the soils were studied. Eighteen composite soil samples (0 - 15 and 15 - 30 cm) were collected at interval of 500 m along North-South and East-West transects in nine locations. The soils were characterized as follows: texture of sandy loam for the surface and subsurface soils;pH(H2O) (4.7 - 5.7), organic carbon (4.9 - 74.8 gkg-1), total nitrogen (0.2 - 4.8 gkg-1), carbon-nitrogen ratio (14 - 25), available P (6.66 - 107.89 mgkg-1), effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) (5.58 - 14.62 cmol·kg-1) and base saturation (49.37% - 85.28%);the surface soils were generally higher in organic carbon, total nitrogen, available P and ECEC than the subsurface. The Soil Degradation Rate (SDR)/ Vulnerability Potential (Vp) weighted values of texture (3/3), soil pH(H2O) (4/2), organic carbon (1/5) and base saturation (2/4) showed moderate to low susceptibility of the soils to degradation or vulnerability. The soils could be managed by liming, practicing crop rotation and using soil conservative measures.

关键词： Physicochemical Characteristics Obudu Cattle Ranch Soil Degradation Vulnerability Potential

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Profile of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil Environment around Selected Auto-Technicians’ Workshop in ObioAkpor, Rivers State Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第5期11卷 399-407页

作者： Utibe Ita Daniel Isaac Azubuike Utuh Eucharia oluchi Nwaichi Department of Animal and Environmental Biology University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria Centre for Occupational Health Safety and Environment (COHSE) University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Biochemistry University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

A study on the storage and disposal practices of spent oil from Automobile workshops in ObioAkpor Local Government Area of Rivers state was conducted to determine the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil samples. Questionnaire was administered and a total of 150 autotechnicians were sampled. Taro Yamani formula was used to determine the sample size. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0 - 15 cm from 8 randomly selected sites and analyzed for PAH. Control consisted of a similar soil with no history of spent oil-contamination. Results showed that autotechnicians had little or no formal education. Only 51% of respondents had secondary/technical education. 94% of the study population disposed of their generated spent oil in various types of containers before disposal. 94% disposed of their spent oil by selling. 60% of the autotechnicians were not aware that spent oil was hazardous. More so, 76% were not aware that spent oil could be recycled. Analysis of soil samples showed that mean concentration of PAH was lower than the DPR standard in all locations. Control values did not show any consistent pattern when compared with the test values in all locations. Soil contamination by PAH in the study area ranged from minor to severe. The automobile workshops pose potential sources of PAH pollution. The study recommends enactment and enforcement of legislations to control the management of spent oil.

关键词： Auto-Technicians Disposal Practices Spent Oil Soil Contamination PAHs

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以高水平学生为助教的初级汉语复习课教学模式探索

以高水平学生为助教的初级汉语复习课教学模式探索

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作者： Ufondu Adaobi oluchi（唐若晞）河北师范大学

学位级别：硕士

以高水平学生为助教的初级汉语复习课教学模式探索是在充分尊重传统教学的基础上,结合笔者在尼日利亚纳姆迪·阿齐克韦大学孔子学院实习经历,探索初级汉语复习课的新的教学模式。这里的“高水平学生”是指具有较高汉语水平、能够在初级... 详细信息

以高水平学生为助教的初级汉语复习课教学模式探索是在充分尊重传统教学的基础上,结合笔者在尼日利亚纳姆迪·阿齐克韦大学孔子学院实习经历,探索初级汉语复习课的新的教学模式。这里的“高水平学生”是指具有较高汉语水平、能够在初级汉语复习课担任助教、辅助主讲教师进行教学的学生,或者说,就是同专业的优秀的高年级学生。利用汉语高水平学生作助教,与主讲教师一起完成初级汉语复习课教学任务,使初级汉语复习课从传统的教师与学生双方合作模式变成教师、助教和学生的三方合作模式,运用角色反转、猜词游戏以及情景模拟等教学方法,尝试以这种新的教学模式和教学方法激活传统课堂,提高学生的学习兴趣和汉语技能,更好地掌握学习内容,取得更好的教学效果。

关键词：汉语国际教学初级汉语复习课助教高水平学生

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Impact of Element Spacing on the Radiation Pattern of Planar Array of Monopole Antenna

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2019年第10期7卷 36-51页

作者： ofem U. Omini Donatus E. Baasey Sulaiman A. Adekola Electrical Engineering Department Cross River University of TechnologyCalabarNigeria Faculty of Engineering University of CalabarCalabarNigeria Niger Delta University Wilberforce IslandNigeria.

In recent years, several attempts have been made in designing planar array antennas with high directivity. This paper is aimed at investigating the impact of element spacing on the directivity of planar array of monopole antenna. The directivity of antenna with reduced grating lobes can be obtained by carefully varying the inter-element spacing of array antenna. Based on this conception, this paper presents the investigation carried out on the relationship between inter-element spacing and the directivity of planar array of monopole antenna. It went further to highlight the effect on the total fields radiated by the antenna. The inter-element spacing is one of the most important antenna parameters that determine the directivity of the antenna. For a planar array of monopole, the directivity can be improved by varying the inter-element spacing. Four elements uniform planar array antenna and Hadamard matrix method was used to determine element positioning in the array matrix. The simulated results obtained using Matlab, showed that good directivity was obtained by using element spacing between 0.1λ - 0.5λ. Increasing the spacing beyond 0.6λ - 1.0λ also improved the directivity, but generated many grating lobes. As inter-element spacing increased, the grating lobes increased in size, number and levels. The study, therefore, inferred that the best directivity (radiation pattern) can only be obtained when the element spacing is within 0.1 - 0.5λ.

关键词： Grating Lobes Array Antenna Planar Array Array Factor Directivity Element Spacing

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