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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第7期1卷 54-54页

作者： Werner L. Kollarits C.r. Mamalis N. olson r.j. 宋虎平 john A. Moran Eye Center University of Utah50 North Medical Drive Salt Lake City UT 84132 United States

Objective: To illustrate the laboratory findings in a patient with bilateral asteroid hyalosiswho presentedwith calcified deposits on a 3- piece silicone intraocular lens (IOL). Design: Observational case report. Methods: A 76- year- old diabetic woman underwent uneventful cataract surgery in 1994 with implantation of a silicone- optic polypropylene- haptic IOL in the left eye. A neodymium:yttrium- aluminum- garnet (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy was performed 2 years after cataract surgery, but persistent whitish deposits were observed on the posterior optic surface of the lens. Over the next 3 years, the opacification increased in the region corresponding to the capsulotomy. The IOL was explanted/exchanged. The right eye had cataract surgery in 1995. The acrylic lens implanted in this eye developed no opacities after 6 years. Main Outcome Measures: Gross, microscopic, and surface analyses of the explanted IOL. results: Gross and light microscopic analyses revealed the presence of confluent crustlike deposits on the central area of the posterior optic surface, as well as Nd:YAG pits. Individual spherules exhibiting a Maltese- cross pattern under polarizing light were also observed. Energy dispersive x- ray spectroscopic analyses demonstrated the composition of the confluent deposits to be similar to hydroxyapatite. Conclusions: An association between asteroid hyalosis and dystrophic calcification of IOLs has been reported only with silicone plate haptic designs. The material opacifying the 3- piece silicone lens probably was derived from the asteroid bodies or from the process that results in this vitreous condition. Clinical evaluation of other pseudophakic patients with asteroid hyalosis will confirm if this phenomenon is restricted to silicone IOLs.

关键词：玻璃体变性人工晶体硅树脂片式白内障手术玻璃体星状变性白内障摘除光学面晶体植入晶体相

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Understanding the sources and composition of the incremental excess of fine particles across multiple sampling locations in one air shed

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期26卷 818-826页

作者： jerome E.McGinnis jongbae Heo Michael r.olson Andrew P.rutter.j.mes j.Schauer University of Wisconsin-Madison Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene

Well-designed health studies and the development of effective regulatory policies need to rely on an understanding of the incremental differences in particulate matter concentrations and their sources. Although only a limited number of studies have been conducted to examine spatial differences in sources to particulate matter within an air shed, routine monitoring data can be used to better understand these differences. Measurements from the US EPA Chemical Speciation Network （CSN） collected between 2002-2008 were analyzed to demonstrate the utility of regulatory data across three sites located within 100 km of each other. Trends in concentrations, source contribution, and incremental excesses across three sites were investigated using the Positive Matrix Factorization model. Similar yearly trends in chemical composition were observed across all sites, however, excesses of organic matter and elemental carbon were observed in the urban center that originated from local emissions of mobile sources and biomass buming. Secondary sulfate and secondary nitrate constituted over half of the PM2.5 with no spatial differences observed across sites. For these components, the excess of emissions from industrial sources could be directly quantified. This study demonstrates that CSN data from multiple sites can be successfully used to derive consistent source profiles and source contributions for regional pollution, and that CSN data can be used to quantify incremental differences in source contributions of across these sites. The analysis strategy can be used in other regions of the world to take advantage of existing ambient particulate matter monitoring data to better the understanding of spatial differences in source contributions within a given air shed.

关键词： CSN Incremental Excess PMFPM2.5

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Structural and Optical Properties and Emerging Applications of Metal Nanomaterials

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2008年第4期24卷 433-446页

作者： Tammg Y.olson Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA 95064USA

Nanomaterials possess intriguing optical properties that depend sensitively on size, shape, and material content of the structures. Controlling such structural characteristics of the nanostructures allows the tailoring of their physical and chemical properties, e.g. optical, electronic, and catalytic, to achieve what is desired lot specific applications of interest. This review will cover the development of various shapes for silver and gold nanomaterials with emphasis on their relation to optical properties. Examples of various modern synthetic methods and characterization techniques are highlighted. The influence of the metal nanomaterial＇s shape and optical absorption on surface enhanced raman scattering （SErS） and a final note on new emerging applications of metal nanostructures are also discussed.

关键词： Nanomaterial Metal nanostructure Optical properties Size and shape effect

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A Behind-the-Scenes Story of Precision Medicine

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2017年第1期15卷 3-10页

作者： Maynard V.olson Department of Genome Sciences and Department of Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

Let me start with a few words about the goals and intended audience for this introduction to republication of two reports of the U.S. National research Council （NrC） - Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome （1988） and Toward Precision Medicine （2011）. I do not intend to summarize what the reports say. They are both short, well written, and can speak for themselves. I encourage readers who want a quick sum- mary to read these reports the way most policy-makers do： start with the Executive Summaries, particularly the Conclu- sions and recommendations. NrC committees write these summaries with great care since they are read far more widely, and by a more influential audience, than the bodies of the reports. With respect to audience, I assume this book will be of greatest interest to scientists and policy-makers interested in how the policy-making apparatus in the United States works and how it shaped two key initiatives in biology and medicine during their formative stages.

关键词： A Behind-the-Scenes Story of Precision Medicine NrC

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Assessing the academic achievement of United States orthopaedic departments

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World journal of Orthopedics 2022年第2期13卷 201-211页

作者： rishi Trikha Thomas E olson Ameen Chaudry Chad r Ishmael Cristina Villalpando Clark j Chen Kellyn r Hori Nicholas M Bernthal Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90404United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States

BACKGrOUND Assessing academic productivity allows academic departments to identify the strengths of their scholarly contribution and provides an opportunity to evaluate areas for *** To provide objective benchmarks for departments seeking to enhance academic productivity and identify those with significant improvement in recent *** Our study retrospectively analyzed a cohort of orthopaedic faculty at United States-based academic orthopaedic programs.5502 full-time orthopaedic faculty representing 178 programs were included in *** included for analysis were National Institutes of Health funding(2014-2018),leadership positions in orthopaedic societies(2018),editorial board positions of top orthopaedic journals(2018),total number of publications and Hirsch-index.A weighted algorithm was used to calculate a cumulative score for each academic *** study was performed at a large,United States medical *** All 178 programs included in analysis were evaluated using the comprehensive weighted *** five institutions with the highest cumulative score,in decreasing order,were:Washington University in ***,the Hospital for Special Surgery,Sidney Kimmel Medical College(SKMC)at Thomas jefferson University,the University of California,San Francisco(UCSF)and Massachusetts General Hospital(MGH)/Brigham and Women’s/*** five institutions with the highest score per capita,in decreasing order,were:Mayo Clinic(rochester),Washington University in ***,rush University,Virginia Commonwealth University(VCU)and MGH/Brigham and Women’s/*** five academic programs that had the largest improvement in cumulative score from 2013 to 2018,in decreasing order,were:VCU,SKMC at Thomas jefferson University,UCSF,MGH/Brigham and Women’s/Harvard,and Brown *** This algorithm can provide orthopaedic departments a means to assess academic productivity,monitor progress,and identify areas for improvement as th

关键词： Bibliometrics Academic achievement Number of publications National Institutes of Health funding Hirsch-index

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Arabidopsis FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 Are Functionally redundant, But FtsZ-Based Plastid Division Is Not Essential for Chloroplast Partitioning or Plant Growth and Development

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1211-1222页

作者： Aaron j. Schmitz jonathan M. Glynn Bradley j.S.C. olson Kevin D. Stokes Katherine W. Osteryoung Department of Plant Biology 166 Plant Biology Bldg Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824-1312 USA Cell and Molecular Biology Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Energy-Plant research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Genetics Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Present address: The Salk Institute for Biological Studies Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory La Jolla CA 92037 USA Present address: Mycobacteria and Brucella Section NVSL/APHIS/USDA 1920 Dayton Ave Ames IA 50010 USA

FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are phylogenetically distinct families of FtsZ in plants that co-localize to mid-plastid rings and facilitate division of chloroplasts. In plants, altered levels of either FtsZ1 or FtsZ2 cause dose-dependent defects in chloroplast division; thus, studies on the functional relationship between FtsZgenes require careful manipulation of FtsZ levels in vivo. To define the functional relationship between the two FtsZ2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2, we expressed FtsZ2-1 in an ftsZ2-2 null mutant, and vice versa, and determined whether the chloroplast division defects were rescued in plants expressing different total levels of FtsZ2. Full rescue was observed when either the FtsZ2-1 or FtsZ2-2 level approximated total FtsZ2 levels in wild-type （WT）. Additionally, FtsZ2-2 interacts with ArC6, as shown previously for FtsZ2- 1. These data indicate that FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 are functionally redundant for chloroplast division in Arabidopsis. To rigorously validate the requirement of each FtsZ family for chloroplast division, we replaced FtsZ1 with FtsZ2 in vivo, and vice versa, while maintaining the FtsZ level in the transgenic plants equal to that of the total level in WT. Chloroplast division defects were not rescued, demonstrating conclusively that FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are non-redundant for maintenance of WT chloroplast numbers. Finally, we generated ftsZtriple null mutants and show that plants completely devoid of FtsZ protein are viable and fertile. As plastids are presumably essential organelles, these findings suggest that an FtsZ-independent mode of plastid partitioning may occur in higher plants.

关键词： Chloroplast plastid division FtsZ ArC6 PDV1.

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Evaluating provincial-level employment challenge during the coal transition in China

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Advances in Climate Change research 2022年第5期13卷 729-737页

作者： Caitlin HAMILTON jiawei SONG ryna CUI Colin olson Diyang CUI Center for Global Sustainability School of Public PolicyUniversity of MarylandCollege Park 20742USA

As China works to move away from coal in its energy system as a critical strategy to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060,there are several challenges which will affect the coal *** challenge that has not been fully explored is the impact on coal *** are millions of people employed in various sectors along the coal supply chain,including mining,processing,transport,and power *** this study,we developed a framework to understand the magnitude and characteristics of the employment challenges associated with the coal transition across ***,the magnitude and characteristics of the challenges are evaluated from multiple dimensions,including existing coal sector employment,coal production,coal consumption,GDP contribution from the coal industry,and coal mining productivity,to explore how the transition of the coal industry will likely affect different *** results showed that provinces with large total coal employment today are often those with high coal production and consumption,high GDP contribution from the coal industry,and low productivity of coal *** found that employment impacts of a coal transition will not be equally distributed in China,as both the magnitude and characteristics of the employment challenges vary substantially across all *** is therefore important to develop a tailored strategy to tackle specific needs for each province.

关键词： Coal transition just transition Coal employment Province China

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Water resources, Infrastructure restoration, and Protection of the Upper Mississippi river Basin

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Open journal of Soil Science 2021年第1期11卷 13-38页

作者： Kenneth r. olson Samuel j. Indorante Gerald A. Miller Professor Emeritus of Soil Science in the Department of Natural resources and Environmental Sciences College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA Soil Science at Southern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois USA Professor Emeritus of Soil Science in the Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA

The Upper Mississippi river flows approximately 2000 km from Lake Itasca, Minnesota to Cairo, Illinois where it is confluences with the Ohio river to form the Lower Mississippi river. North of the confluence, numerous snags, sand bars, rapids, and other obstructions made the Upper Mississippi river travel difficult. This paper highlights how the geological and landscape resources of the Upper Mississippi river and tributary watershed were responsible for the successful economic development of this historically rich region of North America. Environmental challenges include an attempt to keep invasive species such as the Asian carp out of the rivers and lakes north of the Twin Cities. In an attempt to protect the Mississippi river resource, Environmental and Conservation groups have opposed continued navigation through Minneapolis and St. Paul and the planned Upper Mississippi river navigation infrastructure restoration by the United States Corps of Engineers including the upper and lower St. Anthony locks and dams. These Environmental, Conservation and Save the river groups are attempting to mitigate the historic highest and best use of the Mississippi river and adjacent watershed, navigation, and economic development, by having the urban river restored to the natural state.

关键词： Falls of St. Anthony Locks Dams Minneapolis St. Paul Navigation Water Pollution

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How United States Agricultural Herbicides Became Military and Environmental Chemical Weapons: Historical and residual Effects

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Open journal of Soil Science 2022年第2期12卷 13-81页

作者： Kenneth r. olson Larry Cihacek Department of Natural resources and Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA School of Natural resource Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo USA

Discoveries in Charles Darwin’s laboratory led to modern herbicides. Darwin discovered the internal mechanism that directed plants to grow toward sunlight and sources of water. Scientists in Europe and America later called this mechanism a plant’s hormone response system. Administrators and scientists, including Dr. Ezra j. Kraus, the Head of the Botany Department at the University of Chicago and a plant physiologist, suggested on the eve of WWII that weed killers had significant military value as chemical weapons. Dr. Kraus obtained access to a synthetic chemical, 2,4-D, and found that when the chemical was absorbed through the leaves of plants, it destroyed a plant’s hormones. After exposure, the plant experienced rapid and uncontrolled growth, and then the leaves shriveled, died and fell off. Dr. Kraus obtained funding for his Department of Botany research program from Department of Defense (DOD) during World War II (WWII). Camp Detrick (Biological Weapons Laboratory) scientists later obtained samples of newly created 2,4,5-T which contained unknown amounts of the by-product dioxin TCDD. In the 1950s and 1960s, Fort Detrick military scientists formulated the herbicide Agent Orange, which was a 50 - 50 mixture of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. These dual purpose herbicides were used by DOD and USDA. American and European farmers in the 1940s used 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T to eliminate weeds from pastureland and cropland. After WWII, synthetic herbicides (and pesticides) development continued in tandem with production of synthetic fertilizers and breeding of high-yield plant varieties. These new agricultural products were then shipped worldwide to increase crop yields, as part of the Green revolution. This new system of agricultural technologies was intended to eliminate global starvation and increase food security by increasing field and farm crop yields. In contrast, the goal of military use of herbicides, as chemical weapons, was to defoliate jungle forests and destroy food crops a

关键词： Agent Orange Agent Blue Dioxin TCDD Cacodylic Acid Arsenic Environmental Weapons Chemical Weapons Ecocide TIBA 2 4-D 2 4 5 -T Ezra j. Kraus Arthur W. Galston Green revolution Agricultural Herbicides

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Properties of Yogurt Ice Cream Mixes and resulting Frozen Products Prepared by Various ratios of Ice Cream Mix to Yogurt

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2021年第12期12卷 1204-1216页

作者： Douglas W. olson Charles Boeneke Kayanush j. Aryana School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA USA

The effects of varying the ratio of ice cream mix to whole milk yogurt on the characteristics of the mixes and the resulting frozen products including their ice cream and frozen yogurt controls were investigated. Ratios of ice cream mix to yogurt included 100% yogurt for the frozen yogurt control, 25% ice cream mix and 75% yogurt, 50% ice cream mix and 50% yogurt, 75% ice cream mix and 25% yogurt, and 100% ice cream mix for the ice cream control. The resulting mixes were sampled for analysis of total solids content, fat content, pH, and viscosity and then frozen in a batch freezer. The frozen products were analyzed for MRS lactobacilli counts, rate of meltdown at 21°C (volume after 1 h and time for 15 mL to melt), and sensory properties (flavor and body/texture). The total solids contents ranged from 11.89% to 39.65%, and the fat contents ranged from 2.8% to 12.6% for the 100% yogurt and 100% ice cream mixes, respectively. The pH ranged from 4.55 for the 100% yogurt to 6.77 for the 100% ice cream mix. The 100% yogurt sample had the highest viscosity. As expected, the 100% yogurt and the 75% yogurt samples had the highest MRS lactobacilli counts. The rate of meltdown increased with the increasing proportion of ice cream in the yogurt ice cream. The frozen products consisting of 75% and 100% ice cream received the highest flavor scores and body/texture scores. Yogurt ice cream made from 75% ice cream usually had more desirable meltability and sensory properties than yogurt ice creams made from either 25% or 50% ice cream and provides an opportunity for delivering a desirable product that has a healthy image.

关键词： Yogurt Ice Cream Frozen Desserts Lactobacilli Sensory

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