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Environmental Impact of Kakhovka Dam Breach and Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Explosion on Dnieper River Landscape

Open journal of Soil Science 2024年第6期14卷 353-387页

作者： Kenneth Ray olson Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The Dnieper River headwaters are in Russia’s Valdai Hills and the river flows south to the Black Sea. The Dnieper River provides a waterway in which to transport goods to and from various European nations. In addition, the dams on the river provide hydro power. There are approximately 2260 km of Dnieper waterways in Russia, in Belarus, and within Ukraine. The Dnieper River has numerous urban centers including Smolensk in Russia, Mogilev in Belarus and Kiev and Zaporizhzhya in Ukraine. The worst nuclear accident in history unfolded, in the Dnieper River watershed, in northern Ukraine as a reactor at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded and burned. After an accident, such as Chernobyl, radionuclide contaminated bodies of water via direct deposition from the air, discharge as effluent or indirectly from catchment basin washout. When radionuclides contaminate large bodies of water, they are quickly dispersing and accumulate in water bottom sediments, benthos, aquatic plants, and bottom feeding fish. The main pathways to humans are through contamination of drinking-water, from use of water for irrigation of food crops, and consumption of contaminated fish. Kakhovka Dam on the Dnieper River was destroyed during the Russian-Ukraine conflict and the dam needs to rebuild as soon as possible. Perhaps lessons learned by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), after using TNT to blow up the Birds Point front line levee on the Mississippi River in May of 2011, can be applied to the man-induced 2023 Kakhovka Dam breach. The Birds Point man-induced levee breaches and subsequent flooding of farmland resulted in the loss of the 2011 crops and damaged the future soil productivity. The strong current and sweep of the water through the three man-induced levee breaches on the New Madrid floodway levee created deep gullies, displaced tons of soil, and damaged irrigation equipment, farms, and homes. The New Madrid floodway agricultural lands were restored, and the environmental dama

关键词： Dnieper River Ukraine New Madrid Levee TNT Chernobyl Kakhovka Dam 137Cs Black Sea Kiev

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The Need for International Cooperation between Israel and Other Middle East Nations to Protect the jordan River Landscape

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Open journal of Soil Science 2024年第5期14卷 283-307页

作者： Kenneth Ray olson College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The jordan River, also referred to as Nahr Al Sharieat in Arabic, is a long river in the Middle East that flows from north to south through the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea. The jordan River is bordered by the Golan Heights and the Hashemite Kingdom of jordan in the east and by Israel and the Palestinian West Bank (judea and Samaria) in the west. Soil tunnels, including those in the jordan River watershed and on the Israel, Syria, and Lebanon borders, have a long history of use for warfare, as invasion pathways, smuggling, and storage of rockets, missiles and ordnance and are causes of serious political tension between the countries. Soil tunnel construction and destruction often has adverse environmental and human health impacts in the jordan River landscape. Due to agricultural wastes, the discharge of untreated sewage, and diversion of saline springs into the river water there has been serious deterioration in the water quality in the lower courses of the jordan River. The primary objective of this research is to encourage the development of a multi-country clean-up, mitigation, and protection plan for the jordan River.

关键词： jordan River jordan Israel Lebanon Syria Dead Sea Sea of Galilee Six-Day War Soil Tunnels

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The Volga River Is Russia’s Lifeline and in Need of Maintenance, Mitigation and Restoration

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Open journal of Soil Science 2024年第3期14卷 159-179页

作者： Kenneth Ray olson Sergey Stanislavovich Chernyanskii Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA EnviSoilCons Pr. Belgrade Serbia

The Volga River flows entirely through Russia and the watershed includes three of the country’s ten largest cities. The river is the longest in Europe and western Russia’s principal waterway. The Volga River basin is home to approximately half of Russia’s population and occupies almost two-fifth of European Russia. It covers much of the Volga region and stretches 3530 kilometers from its source in the Valdai Hills to the Caspian Sea, the world’s largest inland water body. Its economic, cultural, and historic importance makes it one of the world’s greatest rivers. The Volga basin makes up 8 percent of the Russian territory. Stalingrad, located on the banks of the Volga River, has been described as the site of the greatest de-feat in the history of the German Army. It is often identified as the turning point on the Eastern Front of WWII, in the war against Germany, and in the entire WWII. The meeting point of the Eurasian Civilization was historically the Volga River. The river has some of the world’s largest reservoirs and is a major source of livelihood for millions of people. Many factories and cities empty their waste including sewage, industrial waste, fertilizers, and pesticides into the Volga River. Pollutants tend to settle in the reservoirs and contain several meters of heavily contaminated muck. The primary objectives are to assess lessons learned, manage, and restore the Volga River system lifeline in Russia.

关键词： Volga River Caspian Sea Soviet Union Russia Germany WWII Stalin-grad Volgograd

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Karun and Shatt Al-Arab River System: Historic and Modern Attempts to Manage Iran’s Lifeline

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Open journal of Soil Science 2024年第7期14卷 416-447页

The Islamic Republic of Iran’s principal rivers are the Karun and Shatt al-Arab. The Karun River has a 950 km length. The Karun River starting point is the convergence of the Amand, Kuhrang, and Bazoft rivers. From their headwater sources in the mountains of eastern Iran, these rivers descend through valleys and gorges and flow into the plains of Iran. The Shatt al-Arab River drains an area of 879,790 square kilometers which includes land in Iran, Syria, Türkiye, Kuwait, and Iraq. The Karun joins Shatt al-Arab 110 km downriver from the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers and flows 85 km into the Persian Gulf. The Karun river flows in a southwestern direction through the central plain and provides about 10 per cent of the water balance of Iran’s largest wetland, the Shadegan, which includes permanent marshes, lakes, and riparian habitats. The article summarizes a vast array of publications on the stated topic and this civilizationally important region in order to draw additional attention to its interdependent environmental, economic and political problems the successful resolution of which is only possible with the participation of the entire research community.

关键词： Shatt Al-Arab River Iraq Karun River Baghdad Sinjar Marshes Soil Tunnels

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Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab River System: Historic and Modern Attempts to Manage and Restore Iraq’s Lifeline

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Open journal of Soil Science 2024年第1期14卷 28-63页

作者： Kenneth Ray olson David R. Speidel College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA US Army Iraq Mosul Iraq Foreign Agricultural Service Mahmudiyah Iraq Foreign Agricultural Service Washington D.C. USA

In Iraq, the principal rivers are the Tigris, Shatt Al-Arab and Euphrates. From their headwater sources in the mountains of eastern Türkiye, these rivers descend through valleys and gorges and flow into the uplands of Syria and northern and central alluvial plain of Iraq. The Euphrates and Tigris Rivers confluence to form the Shatt Al-Arab river at Al-Qurnah which flows into the Persian Gulf. From sources in the Zagros Mountains other tributaries join the Tigris from the east. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers flow in a southeastern direction through the central plain and discharge into the Mesopotamian Marshes, which include permanent marshes, lakes, and riparian habitat. The rivers and their tributaries drain an area of 879,790 km2 which includes almost the entire area of Iraq as well as land in Syria, Türkiye, Kuwait and Iran. The region has historical importance as part of the Fertile Crescent region and where Mesopotamian civilization first emerged. The post war reconstruction efforts in the Yusifiyah township, an important food production region for Baghdad, illustrate the importance of these water resources. In addition, the advent of soil tunnels by Iraqi insurgents within the riverine corridors will make reconstruction of this resource more complex. The primary objectives of this study are to assess lessons learned, manage, and restore the Tigris, Euphrates, and Shatt Al-Arab river system lifeline in Iraq.

关键词： Mesopotamian Shatt Al-Arab Iraq Tigris Euphrates Baghdad Soil Tunnels Yusifiyah

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Remote electrocardiograph monitoring using a novel adhesive strip sensor: A pilot study

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World journal of Cardiology 2016年第10期8卷 559-565页

作者： Charles j Bruce Dorothy j Ladewig Virend K Somers Kevin E Bennet Scott Burrichter Christopher G Scott Lyle j olson Paul A Friedman Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic Mayo Clinic Ventures Mayo Clinic Division of Engineering Mayo Clinic Division of Preventice Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic

The increase in health care costs is not sustainable and has heightened the need for innovative low cost effective strategies for delivering patient care. Remote monitoring holds great promise for preventing or shortening duration of hospitalization even while improving quality of care. We therefore conducted a proof of concept study to examine the quality of electrocardiograph(ECG) recordings obtained remotely and to test its potential utility in detecting harmful rhythms such as atrial fibrillation. We tested a novel adhesive strip ECG monitor and assessed the ECG quality in ambulatory individuals. 2630 ECG strips were analyzed and classified as: Sinus, atrial fibrillation(AF), indeterminate, or other. Four readers independently rated ECG quality: 0: Noise; 1: QRS complexes seen, but P-wave indeterminate; 2: QRS complexes seen, P-waves seen but poor quality; and 3: Clean QRS complexes and P-waves. The combined average rating was: Noise 12%; R-R, no P-wave 10%; R-R, no PR interval 18%; and R-R with PR interval 60%(if Sinus). If minimum diagnostic quality was a score of 1, 88% of strips were diagnostic. There was moderate to high agreement regarding quality(weighted Kappa statistic values; 0.58 to 0.76) and high level of agreement regarding ECG diagnosis(ICC = 0.93). A highly variable RR interval(HRV ≥ 7) predicted AF(AUC = 0.87). The monitor acquires and transmits diagnostic high quality ECG data and permits characterization of AF.

关键词：遥远心动电流描记器监视 Atrial 纤维性颤动新奇传感器

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Impact of ethnicity on the outcomes of acute pancreatitis:insights from US National Inpatient Sample

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journal of Pancreatology 2024年第1期7卷 86-89页

作者： Ali jaan Sheza Malik joel E.McFarland Erik T.olson Byron Cryer Department of Internal Medicine Rochester General HospitalRochesterNY Department of Gastroenterology Rochester General HospitalRochesterNY Department of Gastroenterology Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTX

Introduction Acute pancreatitis(AP),characterized by inflammation of the pancreas,is a critical medical condition with potentially life-threatening consequences.[1]Despite significant advancements in medical science,the prognosis of AP remains challenging and is influenced by a multitude of *** these factors,ethnicity has emerged as a compelling variable that may play a pivotal role in determining the outcomes and severity of AP.[2]Understanding the influence of ethnicity on AP outcomes has immense significance for several ***,it provides a unique opportunity to gain critical insights into the pathophysiology of the disease.

关键词： pancreatitis insight consequences

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Sora披上了不该有的神秘面纱

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第3期 17-18页

作者： Parmy olson 杨飞(译) 不详

萨姆·奥尔特曼对于人工智能工具的保密做法用错了地方,有人可能利用这一点来传播错误信息,Open AI发布的每一条新公告都会引发一定程度的敬畏和恐惧。2月15日晚些时候,这家曾推出ChatGPT的公司发布了其最新的小发明,一款名为Sora的文... 详细信息

萨姆·奥尔特曼对于人工智能工具的保密做法用错了地方,有人可能利用这一点来传播错误信息,Open AI发布的每一条新公告都会引发一定程度的敬畏和恐惧。2月15日晚些时候,这家曾推出ChatGPT的公司发布了其最新的小发明,一款名为Sora的文本到视频生成模型,可以创建长达一分钟的高质量视频。大量精彩的人工智能视频在社交媒体上疯传,与此同时,库存视频制作人、电影制作人、演员和一些初创公司创始人可能正在担忧自己的生计。

关键词：社交媒体人工智能初创公司视频制作错误信息生成模型

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Storing Freshwater Versus Storing Electricity in Power Systems with High Freshwater Electric Demand

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journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 323-333页

作者： Mubarak j.Al-Mubarak Antonio j.Conejo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Electrical Engineering Kuwait UniversityP.O.Box 5969Safat 13060Kuwait Department of Integrated Systems Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA IEEE

We consider a power system whose electric demand pertaining to freshwater production is high(high freshwater electric demand),as in the Middle East,and investigate the tradeoff of storing freshwater in tanks versus storing electricity in batteries at the day-ahead operation *** storing freshwater and storing electricity increase the actual electric demand at valley hours and decrease it at peak hours,which is generally beneficial in term of cost and ***,to what extent?We analyze this question considering three power systems with different generation-mix configurations,i.e.,a thermal-dominated mix,a renewable-dominated one,and a fully renewable *** generation-mix configurations are inspired by how power systems may evolve in different countries in the Middle *** production uncertainty is compactly modeled using chance *** draw conclusions on how both storage facilities(freshwater and electricity)complement each other to render an optimal operation of the power system.

关键词： Power system operation freshwater production and transportation coordination day-ahead scheduling

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白内障手术医生不用放弃透明角膜切口

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继续医学教育 2007年第21期21卷 4-5页

作者： Randall j.olson 盐湖城尤他大学john A.Moran眼科中心

盐湖城尤他大学john ***眼科中心首席教授和眼视光学主任***医学博士在2006年拉斯维加斯的美国眼科年会上提出，尽管大量证据表明透明角膜切口与白内障术后眼内炎的发病率升高有关，但并不是每一例透明切口技术后都会出现眼内炎发病率... 详细信息

盐湖城尤他大学john ***眼科中心首席教授和眼视光学主任***医学博士在2006年拉斯维加斯的美国眼科年会上提出，尽管大量证据表明透明角膜切口与白内障术后眼内炎的发病率升高有关，但并不是每一例透明切口技术后都会出现眼内炎发病率上升的现象。因此白内障手术医生还是不必放弃这项技术，但在术前同时采取降低风险的措施也非常重要。

关键词：透明角膜切口手术医生白内障放弃术后眼内炎眼科中心医学博士眼视光学

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