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Determination of the Mineral Composition of the Pulp and Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity of the Seeds of Carica papaya L. Consumed in Lubumbashi and Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第9期12卷 266-279页

作者： Guelord Inkalaba Janvier Arnauld Kiza Magain Mihatano Mathilde Bushiri Furaha Arthur Duki olivier nzingula Armelle Naniwambote Maguy Luvandu Nicole Misengabu Désiré Musuyu Fridolin Kodondi Kule-Koto Laboratory of Biochemistry Nutrition and Hematology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of the Congo Food Technology and Food Analysis Laboratory Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Higher Institute of Medical Techniques Nutrition and Dietetics Section Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Laboratory of the National Institute of Biomedical Research (NIBR) Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

This work aimed, on the one hand, to determine the mineral and phytochemical composition of Carica papaya in order to guarantee the food safety of consumers and on the other hand, to evaluate the acute toxicity of papaya seeds. The papayas were bought at the Mzée market in Lubumbashi and Selembao in Kinshasa. Fruit sampling was done according to the ISO 7002 standard on agricultural and food products;the papayas were firm, mature, and without stains or physical damage. The analysis results of the papaya pulp showed both for the samples from the city of Lubumbashi and for the city province of Kinshasa that it contains respectively 85.87% and 84.46% water, 0.59% and 0.53% ash content. The mineral evaluation of our two samples presented a potassium content of 200 ± 8 mg, magnesium 13.12 ± 3 mg, calcium 22.15 ± 2 mg, sodium 3 mg ± 0.5 for the sample from Lubumbashi and 192.32 ± 8 mg of potassium, 14.458 ± 3 mg of magnesium, 20.58 ± 2 mg of calcium and 3.58 ± 0.5 mg of sodium for the sample from Kinshasa in macroelements. Concerning the trace elements, after analysis, we found zinc content (0.29 ± 0.1 mg and 0.12 ± 0.1 mg), copper (0.02 ± 0.01 mg and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg), and iron (2.22 ± 0.5 mg and 2.04 ± 0.5 mg) respectively for Lubumbashi and Kinshasa. The chemical screening indicates the presence of alkaloids, saponosides, tannins catechics, flavonoids and anthocyanins in the palm wine and ethanolic extract of the seeds of Carica papaya and an absence of cyanogenic glycosides and gallic tannins. With mild toxicity, the seeds of the fruit of Carica papaya L. can be used with moderate risk by the population.

关键词： Carica papaya Mineral Composition Acute Toxicity

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Identification of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium 16S rRNA Gene in Breast Milk of Some Healthy Women in Kinshasa (DR Congo)

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第2期11卷 275-286页

作者： olivier nzingula Junior Disashi José Mulwahali Pius Kabututu Paola Biakas Justin Masumu Biochemistry Laboratory Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo Molecular Biology and Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo Laboratory of Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo Laboratory of the Multidisciplinary Molecular Biology Unit National Institute of Biomedical Research Kinshasa DR Congo National Pedagogical University Kinshasa DR Congo Central Veterinary Laboratory Kinshasa DR Congo

Breast milk is important for infant health. Some of its benefits are due to the presence of a specific population of bacteria in the microflora. However, the microbiome of breast milk is influenced by many parameters such as maternal diet, breastfeeding and geographic location. Culture and non-culture methods have been used in studies of this bacterial population worldwide. But in the DR Congo, there was no study reporting the use of culture-independent techniques to characterize the bacterial diversity of human milk. The aim of this study was to identify the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from two genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. The 16S rRNA gene was also identified from four species: Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium lactis. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Kinshasa. Breast milk from some healthy women was collected from February 2 to 28, 2018. A culture-independent protocol using the classical polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The 68 samples of breast milk were collected in a sterile condition. The bacteria-specific ribosomal gene 16S rRNA was detected in 91.18% of Lactobacillus and 32.35% of Bifidobacterium at genus level. At of species level, only Lactobacillus reuteri 16S rRNA gene was identified in 89.71%. The 16S rRNA gene from the other species could not be amplified. There was also an association between educational level and the presence of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus 16S rRNA genes in the breast milk (p = 0.008*, p Conclusion: This study demonstrates the presence of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in breast milk at the genus and Lactobacillus reuteri at species level. A further study on the diet, use of antibiotics during pregnancy and lactation practice will provide a better understanding of the microflora of breast milk.

关键词： 16S rRNA PCR Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium Breast Milk

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Evaluation of the Nutritional Value and Acute Toxicity of the Seeds of the Fruit of Annona muricata L. (Sursop) Consumed in Kinshasa

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第2期11卷 265-274页

作者： Guelord Inkalaba Londanda Merveille Kubenga olivier nzingula Nicole Misengabu Maguy Luvandu Arthur Duki Kodondi Kule-Koto Laboratory of Biochemistry and Hematology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo Higher Institute of Medical Techniques Nutrition and Dietetics Section Kinshasa DR Congo Food Technology and Food Analysis Laboratory Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo

In this paper, the author aimed to determine the nutritional value of soursop (Annona muricata L. fruit) consumed in Kinshasa as well as the study of the acute toxicity of its seeds. The fruit of Annona muricata L. was sampled according to the ISO 7002 standard for agricultural and food products. The selected fruits were ripe, without physical damage. The usual analytical methods allowed the determination of the nutritional value of the fruit pulp of Annona muricata L. The water content was measured by the method of loss of mass on drying. The total amount of ash was determined by incineration in the oven at 550°C. The mineral elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP0). The determination of acute toxicity was carried out on 25 female mice of the NMRI SUISSE species according to OECD 425 guidelines. For 100 grams of fresh material from the fruit pulp, we noted a very high water content of 84% ± 6%. We also note a particularly high amount of carbohydrates with a rate of 12.2% ± 2%. Protein and lipid content were relatively low at 1% ± 0.01% and 0.7% ± 0.3% respectively. The dietary fiber content was 0.8% ± 0.2%. An energy value of 49.3 Kcal per 100 grams of pulp was determined. The LD 50 obtained was 3320 mg/kg, indicating slight toxicity of soursop seeds. The results of this study show that the white pulp of the fruit of Annona muricata L. consumed in Kinshasa is rich in carbohydrates when we compare it to others biomolecules. It also contains dietary fiber and mineral salts making soursop an excellent constituent of a weight loss diet with a low energy intake.

关键词： Annona Nutritional Value Acute Toxicity

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