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Dynamical Tropopause Variability and Potential Vorticity Streamers in the Northern Hemisphere——A Climatological Analysis

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第3期25卷 367-380页

作者： olivia martius Cornelia SCHWIERZ Michael SPRENGER Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science ETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland Institute for Atmospheric Science School of Earth and EnvironmentLeeds UniversityLeeds LS2 9JTUK

This study presents a 44-year climatology of potential vorticity （PV） streamers in the Northern Hemisphere based upon analyses of the ERA-40 reanalysis data set. A comparison to an existing 15-year climatology yields very good agreement in the locations of PV streamer frequency maxima, but some differences are found in the amplitude of frequencies. The climatology is assessed with the focus on links between PV streamer frequencies and the synoptic- and planetary-scale variability of the dynamical tropopause. A comprehensive overview is provided on where （zonally） and when （seasonally） short-term variability throughout the extra-tropical and sub-tropical tropopause is enhanced or reduced. Several key processes that influence this variability are discussed. Baroclinic processes, for example, determine the variability in the storm-track areas in winter, whereas the Asian summer monsoon significantly influences the variability over Asia. The paper also describes links between the frequency of PV streamers in the extra-tropical and subtropical tropopause and three major northern hemisphere teleconnection patterns. The observed changes in the PV streamer frequencies are closely related to concomitant variations of PV and its gradient within the tropopause region. During opposite phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation the location of the streamer frequency maxima shifts significantly in the Atlantic and European region in both the extra-tropics and subtropics. The influence of ENSO on the streamer frequencies is most pronounced in the subtropical Pacific.

关键词： Rossby wave breaking PV streamer Northern Hemisphere teleconnection indices dynamical tropopause

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Fast internal preheating of 4680 lithium-ion batteries in cold environments

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 8794-8802页

作者： Chuyue Guan Harrison Szeto olivia Wander Vijay Kumar Raphaele JClément Yangying Zhu Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA Department of Materials University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA

Lithium-ion batteries are expected to operate within a narrow temperature window around room temperature for optimal performance and ***,in cold environments,electric vehicle battery packs must be extensively preheated prior to charge or ***,conventional preheating is accomplished externally,which is slow and thus significantly increases charging ***,internal heating has been demonstrated as a potential solution to quickly and uniformly preheat a lithium-ion pouch ***,internal heating has not been evaluated in other battery formats such as cylindrical *** this work,we present a numerical model of a 4680 battery with internal heaters for fast preheating in cold *** effects that the number of heater layers,heating duration,resting duration,environmental temperature,and boundary heat transfer coefficient have on the temperature heterogeneity of the battery were *** results show that internal heating alone reduces the temperature variation within the battery by a factor of 5 compared to external heating,and by a factor of 20 when combining internal and external *** study further proves that internal preheating of lithium-ion batteries is a promising thermal management strategy,and provides guidance on potential design considerations and heating protocols to implement internal heating.

关键词： lithium-ion battery 4680 battery thermal management internal battery preheating COMSOL Multiphysics thermal simulation battery temperature heterogeneity

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First experience in laparoscopic surgery in low and middle income countries: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第2期16卷 546-553页

作者： Rebekka Troller Jasmine Bawa olivia Baker James Ashcroft Department of Surgery Medway Maritime HospitalGillingham ME75NYKentUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery University Hospital CambridgeCambridge CB20QQUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic surgery has reduced morbidity and mortality rates,shorter post-operative recovery periods and lower complication rates than open *** is routine practice in high-income countries and is becoming increasingly common in countries with limited ***,introducing laparoscopic surgery in low-and-middle-income countries(LMIC)can be expensive and requires resour-ces,equipment,and *** To report the challenges and benefits of introducing laparoscopic surgery in LMIC as well as to identify solutions to these challenges for countries with limited finances and *** MEDLINE,EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for studies reporting first experience in laparoscopic surgery in *** studies were published between 1996 and 2022 with full text available in *** criteria were studies considering only open surgery,ear,nose,and throat,endoscopy,arthro-scopy,hysteroscopy,cystoscopy,transplant,or bariatric *** Ten studies out of 3409 screened papers,from eight LMIC were eligible for inclusion in the final analysis,totaling 2497 *** reported challenges were related to costs of equipment and training programmes,equipment pro-blems such as faulty equipment,and access to surgical ***-related challenges were reliance on foreign trainers and lack of locally trained surgeons and theatre *** benefits of introducing laparoscopic surgery were economic and clinical,including a reduction in hospital stay,complications,and morbidi-ty/*** introduction of laparoscopic surgery also provided training opportunities for junior *** Despite financial and technical challenges,many studies emphasise the overall benefit of introducing laparoscopic surgery in LMICs such as reduced hospital stay and the related lower cost for *** many of the clinical centres in LMICs have proposed practical solutions to the challenges reported,more support is critical

关键词： Laparoscopic surgery Low and middle income country First experience Training in laparoscopic surgery

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Surgeon Perspectives on Anastomotic Leaks and FluidAI’s StreamTM Platform: Integrating Qualitative Insights for Technological Innovation

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Surgical Science 2024年第8期15卷 492-500页

作者： olivia Rennie Manaswi Sharma Nour Helwa Department of Clinical Affairs FluidAI Medical (Formerly NERv Technology Inc.) Kitchener Canada Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada

Purpose: This article investigates the critical importance of integrating surgeons’ direct input into the development of innovative technologies that address gaps in surgical care, including those aimed at reducing anastomotic leaks (AL), a major complication in gastrointestinal surgery. While traditional quantitative research methods are prevalent, they often overlook the invaluable insights of the surgeons who manage these complications firsthand. Subjects and Methods: This study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 40 surgeons from various specialties, including general, bariatric, colorectal, trauma, hepato-biliary, and thoracic surgery. The interviews were designed to probe the needs of surgeons, challenges currently faced, and gaps in clinical practice, research, and technology for detection and/or management of AL. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, which revealed significant gaps in current technologies for early detection and prevention of leaks. Results: Surgeons expressed strong interest in FluidAI’s Stream™ Platform, a non-invasive medical device designed to monitor postoperative drainage fluid in real-time, providing continuous data on AL risk. The ability of this platform to offer early prediction through pH and electrical conductivity analysis was particularly appealing to participants, who emphasized the importance of timely interventions in improving patient outcomes. The study’s findings highlight not only the clinical challenges but also the emotional toll that AL takes on surgeons, underlining the need for innovations that are both data-driven and humanistic. Conclusion: By centering surgeons’ perspectives, this research advocates for a human-centered approach to technological advancement, ensuring that new tools are both clinically effective and aligned with the real-world needs of surgical practitioners.

关键词： Anastomotic Leaks Surgeon Perspectives Postoperative Complications Qualitative Inquiry Technological Innovation

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How completely are randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion reported? A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 537-547页

作者： Jacqueline Josee van Ierssel olivia Galea Kirsten Holte Caroline Luszawski Elizabeth Jenkins Jennifer O’Neil Carolyn A Emery Rebekah Mannix Kathryn Schneider Keith Owen Yeates Roger Zemek Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute OttawaON K1H 8L1Canada The Centre for Health Activity and Rehabilitation ResearchUniversity of OtagoDunedin 9016New Zealand Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary CalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4N1Canada Department of Psychology University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada g Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada School of Rehabilitation Sciences University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada Bruyere Research Institute OttawaON K1N 5C8Canada Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada

Purpose:The study aimed to examine the reporting completeness of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of non-pharmacological interventions following ***:We searched MEDLINE,Embase,PsycInfo,CINAHL,and Web of Science up to May *** reviewers independently screened studies and assessed reporting completeness using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication(TIDieR),Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template(CERT),and international Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise aNd Training(i-CONTENT)*** information was sought my study authors where reporting was *** of bias(ROB)was assessed with the Cochrane ROB-2 *** examining non-pharmacological interventions following ***:We included 89 RCTs(n=53 high ROB)examining 11 different interventions for concussion:sub-symptom threshold aerobic exercise,cervicovestibular therapy,physical/cognitive rest,vision therapy,education,psychotherapy,hyperbaric oxygen therapy,transcranial magnetic stimulation,blue light therapy,osteopathic manipulation,and head/neck *** scores were:TIDieR 9/12(75%;interquartile range(IQR)=5;range:5-12),CERT 17/19(89%;IQR=2;range:10-19),and i-CONTENT 6/7(86%;IQR=1;range:5-7).Percentage of studies completely reporting all items was TIDieR 35%(31/89),CERT 24%(5/21),and i-CONTENT 10%(2/21).Studies were more completely reported after publication of TIDieR(t_(87)=2.08;p=0.04)and CERT(t_(19)=2.72;p=0.01).Reporting completeness was not strongly associated with journal impact factor(TIDieR:rs=0.27;p=0.01;CERT:r_(s)=-0.44;p=0.06;i-CONTENT:r_(s)=-0.17;p=0.48)or ROB(TIDieR:rs=0.11;p=0.31;CERT:rs=0.04;p=0.86;i-CONTENT:rs=0.12;p=0.60).Conclusion:RCTs of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion demonstrate moderate to good reporting completeness,but are often missing key components,particularly modifications,motivational strategies,and qualified *** completeness improved after TIDieR and CERT publication,but p

关键词： Concussion Intervention Randomized controlled trial Systematic review

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第16章温带气旋:气象学100年来的研究核心

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气象科技进展 2019年第S1期9卷 254-274页

作者：大卫·舒尔茨 LANCE F.BOSART BRIAN A.COLLE HUW C.DAVIES CHRISTOPHER DEARDEN DANIEL KEYSER olivia martius PAUL J.ROEBBER W.JAMES STEENBURGH HANS VOLKERT ANDREW C.WINTERS 张萌(编译) 贾朋群(编译) 曼彻斯特大学纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼分校纽约州立大学石溪分校苏黎世联邦理工学院利兹大学伯尔尼大学威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校犹他大学德国宇航中心大气物理研究所不详

1919年在气象学上是重要的一年,不仅因为美国气象学会成立于这一年,同时还有其他两个原因。其中之一是J.皮叶克尼斯关于温带气旋结构的论文于1919年发表,建立了著名的挪威气旋模型。也是在那一年,一系列会议的举办促进了温带气旋研究所... 详细信息

1919年在气象学上是重要的一年,不仅因为美国气象学会成立于这一年,同时还有其他两个原因。其中之一是J.皮叶克尼斯关于温带气旋结构的论文于1919年发表,建立了著名的挪威气旋模型。也是在那一年,一系列会议的举办促进了温带气旋研究所需的国际合作和科学交流组织的形成,这必然包括跨越国界的空间尺度。本章主要描述针对温带气旋的形成、演变和动力过程,它们构成的锋,以及伴随而来的急流和风暴路径进行科学探究的历史。我们将这些现象统称为气象学的核心,因为在此期间,其在促进气象学研究方面发挥着核心作用。这个成果丰硕的世纪使得温带气旋研究成为可能,是因为1)解决不良预报的实际挑战具有巨大的社会经济影响,2)理论、观测和诊断(包括动力模式)的结合提供了改进的物理解释和概念模型,以及3)强有力的国际合作。气旋的概念框架产生于对气旋分类和理解的渴望;它们包括挪威气旋模型和Shapiro-Keyser气旋模型。理解气旋动力学的挑战引申出诸如准地转、斜压不稳定、半地转和锋生等理论框架。预测爆发性温带气旋的挑战尤其带来了新的理论发展,如位势涡度(PV)理论和上游效应。对可预报性的局限性的更深层次的认识源于混沌决定论的演变。最后,观测的洞察力成就了详细的气旋和锋面结构、风暴路径及雨带分类。

关键词：美国气象学会风暴路径气象学斜压不稳定皮叶克尼斯可预报性位势涡度温带气旋

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动态全场光学相干断层扫描结合深度学习在肿瘤患者术中诊断的应用:一项乳腺癌患者的前瞻性队列研究

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Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1748-1756页

作者：张舒玮杨滨杨后圃赵进张原媛高元绪 olivia Monteiro 张康刘博王殊 Breast Center Peking University People’s HospitalBeijing 100044China China ESG Institute Capital University of Economics and BusinessBeijing 100070China Faculty of Information Technology Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Department of Pathology Peking University People’s HospitalBeijing 100044China Center for Biomedicine and Innovations Faculty of MedicineMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China College of Future Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100091China School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences Massey UniversityAuckland 0745New Zealand

An intraoperative diagnosis is critical for precise cancer surgery. However, traditional intraoperative assessments based on hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) histology, such as frozen section, are time-,resource-, and labor-intensive, and involve specimen-consuming concerns. Here, we report a near-real-time automated cancer diagnosis workflow for breast cancer that combines dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography(D-FFOCT), a label-free optical imaging method, and deep learning for bedside tumor diagnosis during surgery. To classify the benign and malignant breast tissues, we conducted a prospective cohort trial. In the modeling group(n = 182), D-FFOCT images were captured from April 26 to June 20, 2018, encompassing 48 benign lesions, 114 invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC), 10 invasive lobular carcinoma, 4 ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS), and 6 rare tumors. Deep learning model was built up and fine-tuned in 10,357 D-FFOCT patches. Subsequently, from June 22 to August 17, 2018, independent tests(n = 42) were conducted on 10 benign lesions, 29 IDC, 1 DCIS, and 2 rare tumors. The model yielded excellent performance, with an accuracy of 97.62%, sensitivity of 96.88% and specificity of 100%;only one IDC was misclassified. Meanwhile, the acquisition of the D-FFOCT images was non-destructive and did not require any tissue preparation or staining procedures. In the simulated intraoperative margin evaluation procedure, the time required for our novel workflow(approximately 3 min)was significantly shorter than that required for traditional procedures(approximately 30 min). These findings indicate that the combination of D-FFOCT and deep learning algorithms can streamline intraoperative cancer diagnosis independently of traditional pathology laboratory procedures.

关键词： Cancer diagnosis Breast neoplasms Dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography Deep learning Image classification

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SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract mediated by Spike-induced intestinal inflammation

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 84-86页

作者： Zhanyu Li Jianzhong He Yun Yin Lei Tang Ye Liu olivia Monteiro Famin Zeng Department of Pathology The Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 5190ooChina City University of Macao Macao 999078China Faculty of Medicine Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China

Dear Editor,The pathogenesis of COVID-19 in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract is well-documented[1].However,due to a lack of simple animal models,the pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 in the GI tract is not well ***,com... 详细信息

关键词： pathogenesis gastrointestinal inflammation

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Recent advances in the understanding and management of chronic pancreatitis pain

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Journal of Pancreatology 2024年第1期7卷 35-44页

作者： Jessica Walker olivia L.Babyok Jami L.Saloman Anna Evans Phillips Department of Internal Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUnited States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUnited States Center for Pain Research Center for NeuroscienceSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUnited States

Abdominal pain is the most common symptom of chronic pancreatitis(CP)and is often debilitating for patients and very difficult to *** date,there exists no cure for the *** strategies focus on symptom management and on mitigation of disease progression by reducing toxin exposure and avoiding recurrent inflammatory *** treatment protocols start with medical management followed by consideration of procedural or surgical intervention on selected patients with severe and persistent *** incorporation of adjuvant therapies to treat comorbidities including psychiatric disorders,exocrine pancreatic insufficiency,mineral bone disease,frailty,and malnutrition,are in its early *** clinical studies and animal models have been designed to improve investigation into the pathophysiology of CP pain,as well as to improve pain *** the array of tools available,many therapeutic options for the management of CP pain provide incomplete *** still remains much to discover about the neural regulation of pancreas-related *** this review,we will discuss research from the last 5 years that has provided new insights into novel methods of pain phenotyping and the pathophysiology of CP *** discoveries have led to improvements in patient selection for optimization of outcomes for both medical and procedural management,and identification of potential future therapies.

关键词： Central sensitization Chronic pancreatitis Pain phenotyping Peripheral sensitization

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气候主题作品增多呼唤公众气候意识觉醒

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商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第8期 30-32页

作者： olivia Rudgard 孟洁冰(译) 不详

●2013-2014年,仅有为10%的影片以气候变化为主题,2021-2022年上映的电影中,比例提高至四分之一提起气候变化题材的虚构作品,难免会有人提起电影《后天》(TheDayAfterTomorow)。这部热门大片在20年前的5月上映,讲述了北大西洋洋流的中... 详细信息

●2013-2014年,仅有为10%的影片以气候变化为主题,2021-2022年上映的电影中,比例提高至四分之一提起气候变化题材的虚构作品,难免会有人提起电影《后天》(TheDayAfterTomorow)。这部热门大片在20年前的5月上映,讲述了北大西洋洋流的中断导致美国和英国陷人冰冷的寒冬,龙卷风摧毁了洛杉矶,海浪没了纽约市,直升机在半空中冻住。

关键词：《后天》气候变化意识觉醒龙卷风虚构作品洛杉矶北大西洋纽约市

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