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Renewing Oncological Hyperthermia—Oncothermia

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2013年第4期3卷 245-252页

作者： oliver szasz Biotechnics Department Szent Istvan UniversityGodolloHungary

Hyperthermia was the very first oncotherapy in human medicine, but its applicability in modern oncology was dubious. The discovery of electromagnetism gave new hope a century ago, however, until up to now, it has been suffering from lack of wide acceptance. Oncological hyperthermia suffers from multiple unsolved medical and technical problems. The accurate selection of malignant tissue and its proper heating in depth are real challenges together with the control and repeatability of the treatments. However, the center of the problems is not technical: the living system tries to keep its homeostatic equilibrium and creates active feedback mechanisms to eliminate or at least correct the constrain heating in depth. The proper reaction on the “gage of battle” has to involve the physiology, handle it complexly together with bioelectromagnetism and update connected technology. The solution has to be the integration of the natural bio-effects into the technological constrains, acting in synergy with the physiological feedback mechanisms, and without forcing effects out of the homeostatic control. The solution lies in strict selection and adequate action in nanoscopic range, without exciting the robust transport-mechanisms to operate against the energy delivery to the tumor. Together with the local optimization, the systemic effects have to be considered, because malignancy is not a local disease. This concept needs interactions with the immune-system being effective on the disseminated cell in far distance too. Our objective is to present a complex technical solution to this complex problem.

关键词： Hyperthermia Oncothermia Oncology Nano-Heating Focusing Selection Apoptosis Immune-Support

Heating, Efficacy and Dose of Local Hyperthermia

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2016年第1期6卷 10-18页

作者： oliver szasz Andras szasz Department of Biotechnics St. Istvan University Paty Hungary

Hyperthermia in oncology needs a definite dose which fixes well the clinical protocols. The temperature is far not a dose, it is mass independent. The half of the mass has the same temperature in equilibrium, so the basic criteria of the dose mass-dependence are lost. The energy could be a great option for dosing, (like it is in radiation therapies by Gy) but it has numerous drawbacks. These are discussed in this paper, trying to unify the dosing of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations.

关键词： Dosing CEM Specific-Absorption-Rate Energy-Loss Efficacy

Parametrization of Survival Measures, Part I: Consequences of Self-Organizing

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020年第5期11卷 316-347页

作者： oliver szasz Andras szasz Biotechnics Department Faculty of Mechanical Engineering St. Istvan University Budaors Hungary

Lifetime analyses frequently apply a parametric functional description from measured data of the Kaplan-Meier non-parametric estimate (KM) of the survival probability. The cumulative Weibull distribution function (WF) is the primary choice to parametrize the KM. but some others (e.g. Gompertz, logistic functions) are also widely applied. We show that the cumulative two-parametric Weibull function meets all requirements. The Weibull function is the consequence of the general self-organizing behavior of the survival, and consequently shows self-similar death-rate as a function of the time. The ontogenic universality as well as the universality of tumor-growth fits to WF. WF parametrization needs two independent parameters, which could be obtained from the median and mean values of KM estimate, which makes an easy parametric approximation of the KM plot. The entropy of the distribution and the other entropy descriptions are supporting the parametrization validity well. The goal is to find the most appropriate mining of the inherent information in KM-plots. The two-parameter WF fits to the non-parametric KM survival curve in a real study of 1180 cancer patients offering satisfactory description of the clinical results. Two of the 3 characteristic parameters of the KM plot (namely the points of median, mean or inflection) are enough to reconstruct the parametric fit, which gives support of the comparison of survival curves of different patient’s groups.

关键词： Self-Organizing Self-Similarity Avrami-Function Weibull-Distribution Survival-Time Allometry Entropy Bioscaling

Bioelectromagnetic Paradigm of Cancer Treatment—Modulated Electro-Hyperthermia (mEHT)

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2019年第2期9卷 98-109页

作者： oliver szasz Department of Biotechnics St. Istvan University Buda&ouml rs Hungary

One of the most frequently applied bioelectromagnetic effects is the deep heating of the living species with EMF energy. Despite its long history, hyperthermia is a rarely applied oncotherapy. The reason is its controversial results and complicated control. One of the solutions is concentrating the electromagnetic energy nanoscopically on the parts of the malignant cells instead of heating up the complete tumor-mass. This approach is a kind of non-uniform energy absorption, providing energy liberation only in the selected regions. The energy-absorption of the malignant cells targets the membranes and creates a situation far from thermal equilibrium. The selection of the malignant cells is based on their decided differences from their healthy counterparts. The distinguishing parameters are the electromagnetic properties of the components of the malignant tissue which are the physiologic differences between the malignant cells and their healthy counterparts. The targets realize nano-range heating, using natural nanoclusters on the cell-membrane without artificially implementing them. This energy absorption generates consequent reactions, like programmed cell-death (apoptosis) continued by immunogenic cell-death involving extended immune reactions.? The applied radiofrequency current is amplitude modulated by time-fractal modulation pattern. The accurately matched impedance realizes the self-selective mechanisms which are promoted by stochastic resonances. This complex method is a new kind of hyperthermia, named mEHT. Our objective is to analyze the problems of the selective, non-equilibrium energy absorption, and present a solution by the electromagnetic mechanisms for an effective and controllable hyperthermia in oncology.

关键词： Electromagnetic Effects RF-Current Warburg-Effect Szent-Gyorgyi-Effect Fractal-Physiology Oncology Hyperthermia Nanoscale Heating Modulated Electro-Hyperthermia Nanothermia mEHT Apoptosis Immunogenic Cell-Death

Connections between the Specific Absorption Rate and the Local Temperature

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2016年第3期6卷 53-74页

作者： oliver szasz Gyula Szigeti Andras szasz Department of Biotechnics St. Istvan University Budapest Hungary Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary

The specific absorption rate (SAR) characterises the energy intake from outside energy sources. Dominantly, the dosing of electromagnetic radiation uses the SAR, defining the absorbed power in unit mass, measured in W/kg. Ionisation radiation creates a certain distortion in the DNA, which is the goal of radiation in oncology. The dose in this case counts the time duration of the actual SAR, and uses the absorbed energy instead of the absorbed power, measured by Gy (=J/kg). The ionising rate is the desired result, and the developed temperature is only an unwanted side effect. In the case of non-ionising radiation, the same characterisation is used for completely opposite goals. There, the direct interest is the temperature increase, and the excitation processes other than temperature increasing energy consumptions are neglected. Our objective in this work is to clarify the connections of SAR and developed temperature, and discussing the actual debates about non-ther-mal energy absorption.

关键词： Thermal Non-Thermal Athermal SAR Non-Equilibrium Dissipation Hysteresis

Generalization of the Thermal Dose of Hyperthermia in Oncology

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2015年第4期5卷 97-114页

作者： Gyula Vincze oliver szasz Andras szasz Szent István University G&#246 dö llö Hungary

Hyperthermia has been a modality to treat cancer for thousands of years. During this time, intensive efforts are concentrated on determining the dose of the proper treatment, but the dominantly in vitro induced cellular death does not provide enough confidence for the clinical dosing. The cell-death by heat-monotherapy applications in laboratory experiments is difficult to apply in the complementary therapies in clinical applications. The newly developed nanotechnologies offer completely new possibilities in this field as well. Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT, trade-name Oncothermia) is a nanoheating technology that has selective effects on membrane rafts and on the transmembrane proteins. This effect is thermal. The thermal action is in nanoscopic range which makes the phenomenon special. Our objective is to show the dose concept on this emerging method.

关键词： Thermal Dose Oncothermia Nano-Targeting

Technical Perspective:Research on General-Purpose Brain-Inspired Computing Systems

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第1期39卷 1-3页

作者： oliver Rhodes Department of Computer Science University of ManchesterManchester M139PLU.K

Brain-inspired computing is a popular research area with the potential to advance our understanding of brain function,artificial intelligence,and next-generation computing *** referred to as"neuromorphic",these systems and algorithms hope to harness mechanisms present in brains to make step changes in perfor-mance over regular von Neumann based approaches[1].

关键词： artificial computing Brain

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2017年第4期7卷 183-196页

作者： oliver szasz Gyula Peter Szigeti Andras szasz Biotechnics Department St. Istvan University Godollo Hungary Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary

We show that the processes described by Avrami functions are self-similar. A comparative function characterizes a self-similar process by a certain Avrami exponent. We define the self-similar categories of some well-known biological processes. The method to determine the Avrami exponent by choosing the comparative function is demonstrated on the diffusion model of the growth of nuclei. We generalize the results.

关键词： Self-Similar Process Comparative Function Avrami Exponent

Heating Preciosity—Trends in Modern Oncological Hyperthermia

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2017年第3期7卷 116-144页

作者： oliver szasz Marcell A. szasz Carrie Minnaar Andras szasz Biotechnics Department Faculty of Engineering St. István University Godollo Hungary Cancer Center Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary Department of Radiation Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics Pazmany P. Catholic University Budapest Hungary

The use of hyperthermia as a treatment in oncology is a common topic for debate. Some researchers expect a breakthrough in oncological treatments with hyperthermia, whereas others have disregarded the method. Serious questions concerning hyperthermia have arisen. Should homogeneous (isothermal) or heterogeneous (selective) heating being used? When we use selective heating (heterogeneity), should the entire tumour be targeted or should the malignant cells be individually selected? Does the mechanism involve thermal cell death or thermally-assisted cell death? Is the goal necrosis or apoptosis? Is hyperthermia safe as a monotherapy or does it have to be combined with conventional treatments? When the selection is local, how do we act on disseminated cells that represent a high risk of life threatening metastases? When local heating is the focus, how should it be carried out with measured and controlled? Our objective is to show how precise, selective heat transfer is necessary to remove malignant cells and, consequently, how hyperthermia as part of the immune-oncology can change the game in this promising field of oncological therapies.

关键词： Heating Preciosity Hyperthermia Oncology Immune Effects Bystander-Effect Abscopal Effect