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Stem cell injection for complex anal fistula in Crohn’s disease: A single-center experience

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第24期27卷 3643-3653页

作者： oliver Schwandner Department of Proctology Krankenhaus Barmherzige BruederRegensburg 93049Germany

BACKGROUND Despite tremendous progress in medical therapy and optimization of surgical strategies,considerable failure rates after surgery for complex anal fistula in Crohn’s disease have been ***,stem cell therapy for the treatment of complex perianal fistula can be an innovative option with potential long-term *** To evaluate the results of local administration of allogenic,adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(darvadstrocel)for complex anal Crohn’s *** All patients with complex anal fistulas associated with Crohn’s disease who were amenable for definite fistula closure within a defined observation period were potential candidates for stem cell injection(darvadstrocel)if at least one conventional or surgical attempt to close the fistula had *** was only indicated in patients without active Crohn’s disease and without presence of anorectal *** injection of darvadstrocel was performed as a standardized procedure under general anesthesia including single-shot antibiotic prophylaxis,removal of seton drainage,fistula curettage,closure of the internal openings and local stem cell *** collection focusing on healing rates,occurrence of abscess and follow-up was performed on a regular basis of quality control and patient *** were retrospectively *** Between July 2018 and January 2021,12 patients(6 females,6 males)with a mean age of 42.5(range:26-61)years underwent stem cell *** patients had a minimum of one complex fistula,including patients with two complex fistulas in 58.3%(7/12).Two of the 12 patients had horse-shoe fistula and 3 had one complex *** to Parks classification,the majority of fistulas were transsphincteric(76%)or suprasphincteric(14%).All patients underwent removal of seton,fistula curettage,transanal closure of internal opening by suture(11/12)or mucosal flap(1/12)and stem cell *** a mean follow-up of 14.3(range:3-30)mo,a healing rate

关键词： Complex anal fistula Crohn’s disease Stem cell therapy Mesenchymal stem cells Darvadstrocel Treatment Surgery Outcomes

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Detection and Localization of Load Redistribution Attacks on Large-scale Systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第2期10卷 361-370页

作者： Andrea Pinceti Lalitha Sankar oliver Kosut the School of Electrical Computer and Energy EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeUSA

A nearest-neighbor-based detector against load redistribution attacks is *** detector is designed to scale from small-scale to very large-scale systems while guaranteeing consistent detection *** testing is performed on a realistic large-scale system to evaluate the perfor-mance of the proposed detector against a wide range of attacks,from simple random noise attacks to sophisticated load redistribution *** detection capability is analyzed against different attack parameters to evaluate its sensitivity.A statistical test that leverages the proposed detector is introduced to identify which loads are likely to have been maliciously modified,thus,localizing the attack *** test is based on ascribing to each load a risk measure(probability of being attacked)and then computing the best posterior likelihood that minimizes log-loss.

关键词： Attack detection cyber-security false data injection(FDI)attack load redistribution attack machine learning nearest neighbor

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Treatment sequencing in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第3期16卷 426-431页

作者： oliver Sartor Silke Gillessen Department of Medicine and Urology Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans Louisiana USA Department of Medical Oncology Kantonsspital St. Gallen St. Gallen Switzerland.

Six different treatments have demonstrated improved survival in phase III trials targeted to patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer （mCRPC）. Front-line therapeutic options for mCRPC include docetaxel, sipuleuceI-T, abiraterone and radium-223. Post-docetaxel options include cabazitaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide and radium-223. Despite much progress in recent years, much is yet unknown and debates occur over optimal treatment choices and sequences. None of the new agents have been compared to one another, thus physicians in practice today must make choices based on non-randomized comparisons, toxicity considerations and various assumptions. Abiraterone is now moving into the front line mCRPC space given recent regulatory approvals and enzalutamide will follow soon. Both of the hormonal agents have less toxicity when compared to chemotherapeutic options and both of these hormonal agents are expected to be used in a considerable number of mCRPC patients in the years ahead. Little data are available for the post-abiraterone or post-enzalutamide setting. In this review the currently available sequencing data are summarized and interpreted. It is now clear that cross resistance is a potential issue between various treatments, especially those agents that target the androgen axis. This review highlights the need for additional studies to optimize the current treatments for these patients.

关键词： abiraterone cabazitaxel castrate-resistant docetaxel enzalutamide~ radium-223 sipuleuceI-T

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Spatiotemporal Dynamics of a Páramo Ecosystem in the Northern Ecuadorian Andes 1988-2007

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第3期11卷 708-716页

作者： oliver WIGMORE Jay GAO School of Environment University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand Department of Geography The Ohio State University 1036 Derby Hall 154 N Oval Mall Columbus Ohio 43210 USA Byrd Polar Research Center The Ohio State University 108 Scott Hall 1090 Carmack Road Ohio 43210 USA School of Environment University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand

Paramo is a term used to describe tropical alpine vegetation between the continuous timberline and the snow line in tbe Northern Andes. Paramo environments provide important species habitat and ecosystem services. Changes in spatial extent of the paramo ecosystem at Pambamarca in the Central Cordillera of the northern Ecuadorian Andes were analysed using multi-temporal Landsat TM/ETM＋ satellite data. The region suffered a loss of 1826.6 ha or 20% of the total area at a rate of 100 ha/annum during 1988-2007 period. It is found that permanent paramo cover decreased from 8350 ha in 1988 to 5864 ha in 2007 at a fairly constant rate （R^2=0.94）. This loss is attributed to expansion of commercial agriculture and floriculture in the valleys coupled with increased population pressure. Land at higher elevations has been cleared for small scale agriculture. Loss of the paramo ecosystem will exert a number of negative impacts on ecosystem services and livelihoods of the local population at Pambamarca.

关键词： Paramo ecosystem Change analysis Remote sensing Andes

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Abandoned Altitudes? Decrease and Expansion of Grassland in the Hinterland of Popayán, Southern Colombian Andes

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第1期12卷 123-133页

作者： Andreas Haller oliver Bender Institute of Geography University of Innsbruck Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research Austrian Academy of Sciences Technikerstrasse 21a 6020 InnsbruckAustria

Due to their ecological disadvantages, many mountain regions have experienced land-use abandonment and shrub encroachment on former grassland at higher altitudinal zones--especially during recent decades of urbanization. But does this trend also apply to the hinterland of urban settlements？ By using the Southern Colombian example of Popay^n, a medium-sized city located in the Northern Andes, we can show that the landscape changes observed between 1989 and 2010 can hardly be related to agricultural abandonment. Hypsometric variations of land-cover change indicate that, until 2001, woods or shrubland expanded faster at the lower altitudinal range adjacent to the city than at the more remote higher zones. In contrast, after 2001 grassland areas increased on former woods or shrnbland at all altitudinal belts. Both periods thus present developments that can be interpreted as the result of land-use expansion below 2000 m asl and land-use persistence in the tierrafrla of the mountain city＇s hinterland.

关键词： Land-cover change Land-use change Rural-urban linkages Northern Andes

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Long-term vegetation development on a wildfire slope in Innerzwain(Styria,Austria)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第1期25卷 103-111页

作者： Bodo Malowerschnig oliver Sass Karl-Franzens-University Graz Department of Geography and Regional Science

Forest fires in mountainous areas can cause severe defores-tation which can potentially trigger secondary natural hazards like debris falls and avalanches. We documented an extreme case study for the range of possible post-fire land cover （LC） dynamics. We investigated a 15-ha, steep （10°-65°） burnt slope in Styria （Austria） at elevation of 760-1130 m, which burned in 1946 and has not fully recovered to date. Seven 8-class legend LC maps were produced （1954, 1966, 1973, 1982, 1998, 2004, 2009） and integrated in a vector-based GIS, mainly by on-screen interpretation of aerial photos. Our aim was to clarify how post-wildfire LC dynamics take place on a severely damaged, steep slope and to give a basic projection of the future vegetation recovery process. The pre-fire Pinus sylvestrisstands have been mainly replaced by Picea abies and Larix decidua. Regeneration proceeded mainly from the base of the slope upwards. All tree species together still cover no more than 40% of the slope after more than 60 years of recovery, while grassland communities and rock/debris areas have expanded. Multitemporal analysis showed a slow but steady increase in woodland cover. Degraded rock/debris areas, however, expanded as well because soil erosion and related debris flows remained active. Slope angle （with a threshold value of approx. 35-40°） seemed to control whether erosion or regeneration prevailed. According to a simple extrapolation, the slope will not reach its former condition before 2070. This extreme disturbance window of more than 120 years is owed to the steepness of the slope and to the shallow soils on dolomitic bedrock that were severely damaged by the fire. The neglect of any game fencing is a further factor slowing regeneration.

关键词： wildfire landcover change temperate forest aerial photos,soil degradation vegetation development

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Randomized studies of PSA screening： an opinion

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第3期13卷 364-365页

作者： oliver Sartor Departments of Medicine and Urology Tulane MedicalSchool New Orleans LA USA

The issue of prostate cancer screening with prostate-specific antigen （PSA） has been contentious for nearly two decades due to lack of data from randomized trials, but that has now changed. A brief review of the available data is warranted as there is finally some clarity on this critically important topic. Knowing what to ignore, as well as what to focus on, is critical for understanding the current data.

关键词： Prostate Data

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The contribution of small leaks in a baghouse filter to dust emission in the PM2.s range-A system approach

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Particuology 2017年第1期15卷 40-52页

作者： oliver Kurtz Jorg Meyer Gerhard Kasper Institut for Mechanische Verfahrenstechnik und Mechanik Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76131 Karlsruhe Germany Freudenberg Filtration Technologies 69465 WeinheimGermany.

The contribution of leakage in a baghouse filter （defined as a short circuit between the upstream and downstream sides of the filter） to the emission of fine particles is quantified in comparison to other dust emission sources, and the influence of key operating variables on overall system response is analyzed. The study was conducted on a well-maintained pilot-scale filter unit （9 bags of 500 g/m^2 calendered polyester needle felt; total surface area 4.2 m^2） operated in Ap-controlled mode over a range of pulsing intensities, with two types of test dust （one free-flowing and the other cohesive） at inlet concentrations of 10 and 30 g/m^3. Leaks included single holes between 0.5 and 4 mm diameter, intentionally placed in either the plenum plate or one of the filter bags, as well as seamlines from bag confectioning. Emissions were sep- arated by source into a transient contribution due to dust penetration through the filter bags after each cleaning pulse, and a continuous contribution from leaks. This separation was based on a novel method of data processing that relies on time-resolved concentration measurements with a specially calibrated optical particle counter. Tiny leaks on the order of 1 mm generated the same emission level as all the bags combined, and dominated continuous emissions. The equivalent leak cross section （leakage = media emission） was about 1 ppm of the total installed filter surface, independent of upstream dust concentra- tion. Leakage through open seamlines amounted to 75% of media emissions in case of free-flowing test dust. Leakage was restricted to aerodynamic diameters less than ~5 μm （roughly the PM2.s mass frac- tion）. For comparison, time-averaged mass penetration through conventional needle-felt media ranged from about 10^-5 to 10^-6, depending on cohesiveness of the particle material and pulse cleaning intensity, giving emission levels between about 0.02 and 0.2 mg/m^3 at the reference concentration of 10 R/m^2.

关键词： Air filtration Baghouse Pulse-cleaned filters Leaks PM2.5 Dust emission

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Androgen receptor variant-7： an important predictive biomarker in castrate resistant prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第3期17卷 439-440页

作者： oliver Sartor Yan Dong Department of Medicine and Urology Tulane Cancer Center Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans LA USA Department of Structural and Cellular Biology Tulane Cancer Center Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans LA USA National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine College of Life Sciences Jilin University Changchun Jilin. China

The recent manuscript in New England Journal of Medicine by Antonarakis et al. has important clinical implications. This study evaluates mRNA expression of a particular androgen receptor splice variant-7 （AR-V7）, in circulating tumor cells （CTCs） from metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer （mCRPC） patients receiving enzalutamide or abiraterone. The findings were striking, none of the 18 patients with detectable AR-V7 in CTCs had prostate-specific antigen （PSA） responses.

关键词： ENZALUTAMIDE MDV3100 ABIRATERONE ACETATE ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY SPLICE VARIANTS DOCETAXEL THERAPY

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Current paradigms and evolving concepts in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第5期13卷 683-689页

作者： Sumanta Kumar Pal oliver Sartor Division of Genitourinary Malignancies Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Los Angeles CA USA Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans LA USA

Until recently, docetaxel-based therapy represented the only therapy shown to prolong survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer （mCRPC）. The past year and a half has been marked by unprecedented progress in treatments for this disease. Three positive phase III clinical trials have emerged, each evaluating agents （sipuleuceI-T, cabazitaxel and abiraterone） with distinct mechanisms of action. Herein, the three pivotal trials are described alongside both past and current large phase III studies conducted in this mCRPC. The overall survival for patients with mCRPC treated in current clinical trials is considerably longer than noted in the past. We note that more recent trials with older agents have also shown improved survival and discuss potential non-therapeutic biases that influence this critical measure of outcome. The necessity for utilizing randomized trials when evaluating new therapeutics is emphasized given the changing prognosis in this mCRPC.

关键词： abiraterone bevacizumab cabazitaxel castrate resistant castration resistant docetaxel hormone refractory Jevtana Provenge prostate cancer sipuleuceI-T

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