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Modeling of Asphaltene Grading in Oil Reservoirs

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Natural Resources 2010年第1期1卷 19-27页

作者： Julian Y. Zuo oliver c. mullins chengli Dong Dan Zhang 不详

Reservoir fluids frequently reveal complex phase behaviors in hydrocarbon columns owing to the effects of gravity, thermal diffusion, biodegradation, active charging, water washing, seals leaking, and so on. In addition, the formation compartmentalization often causing discontinuous distributions of fluid compositions and properties makes the proper fluid characterization and reservoir architecture even more challenging yet compelled. The recognition of compositional grading and flow barriers becomes a key to accurate formation evaluation in a cost effective manner. Downhole fluid analysis (DFA) of asphaltene gradients provides an excellent method to delineate the complexity of black oil columns. In this paper, a methodology was developed to estimate downhole asphaltene variations with depths using an equation-of-state (EOS) approach coupled with DFA measurements. DFA tools were used to determine fluid compositions of cO2, c1, c2, c3-c5, c6+, gas-oil ratio (GOR), density and the coloration (optical density) associated with asphaltene contents at downhole conditions. The delumping and characterization procedures proposed by Zuo et al. (2008) were employed to obtain the detailed compositions excluding asphaltenes. In addition, a molar mass distribution of asphaltenes was described by a three-parameter Gamma probability function. The Gaussian quadrature method was used to generate asphaltene pseudocomponents. Five pseudocomponents were employed to represent the normal asphaltene nanoaggregates. Asphaltene distributions in oil columns were computed by tuning the molar mass of asphaltene nanoaggregates against the DFA coloration logs at a reference depth. The methodology was successfully applied to investigate black oil reservoir connectivity (or flow barriers) for offshore field cases. The analysis results were consistent with the subsequent production data and analytical chemistry. Furthermore, for simplicity, it is reasonable to assume that asphaltenes have average pr

关键词： Reservoir connectivity Asphaltene Gradients Equations of State Downhole Fluid Analysis

用电缆地层测试器实时定量评价cO_2含量以优化完井和钻杆测试决策

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测井技术 2009年第1期33卷 60-66页

作者：徐立强蔡军郭书生易平肖东代一丁杨少坤 chee Kin Khong Go Fujisawa chengli Dong oliver c mullins 中海石油(中国)有限公司北京100010 斯伦贝谢油田服务公司中国北京100004

油气藏中非烃气体(如cO2和N2)的探测对于油藏的评价和管理非常重要。当利用钻杆测试(DST)来证实油藏产能和进行油藏评价时,高含量非烃气体会妨碍气体充分燃烧,进而对钻杆测试产生消极的影响。弄清油藏流体中非烃组分的特性对优化钻杆测... 详细信息

油气藏中非烃气体(如cO2和N2)的探测对于油藏的评价和管理非常重要。当利用钻杆测试(DST)来证实油藏产能和进行油藏评价时,高含量非烃气体会妨碍气体充分燃烧,进而对钻杆测试产生消极的影响。弄清油藏流体中非烃组分的特性对优化钻杆测试非常必要。地层流体中cO2含量很高时就不必进行钻杆测试。如果一口井中的所有层位都含有大量cO2,那么这口井就可以直接封堵弃井。传统的cO2含量测试是将试井过程中取得的井下或地面流体样品送到实验室进行分析,流体样品中易反应气体(如cO2)浓度可能会发生很大变化,因为在分析之前,这种气体会与样品中混有的地层水、泥浆滤液或者取样室中其他组分反应。cO2和pH值较高的水(如水基泥浆滤液)很容易形成碳酸盐。井下近红外(NIR)光谱测量可以在取得流体样品之前对流体中的cO2组分在井下进行实时分析。介绍了利用地层测试器进行实时井下流体分析的原理和应用,通过井下流体分析可实时测定井下流体中的cO2和烃类含量。结合现场实例,介绍了如何用井下实时测量cO2含量来优化完井和钻杆测试决策,并且经实例证实,实时测量的cO2浓度与随后实验室测定结果一致。

关键词：地层测试器钻杆测试完井二氧化碳氮气井下流体分析钻杆测试决策

Utilizing neural networks to supplant chemical kinetics tabulation through mass conservation and weighting of species depletion

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Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 101-110页

作者： Franz M.Rohrhofer Stefan Posch clemens Gößnitzer JoséM.García-oliver Bernhard c.Geiger Know-center GmbH Sandgasse 36Graz8010StyriaAustria LEc GmbH Inffeldgasse 19Graz8010StyriaAustria Universitat Politècnica de València Camíde VeraValència46022ValènciaSpain

Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs)have emerged as a powerful tool in combustion simulations to replace memory-intensive tabulation of integrated chemical *** reaction mechanisms,however,present a challenge for standard ANN approaches as modeling multiple species typically suffers from inaccurate predictions on minor *** paper presents a novel ANN approach which can be applied on complex reaction mechanisms in tabular data form,and only involves training a single ANN for a complete reaction *** approach incorporates a network architecture that automatically conserves mass and employs a particular loss weighting based on species *** modifications are used to improve the overall ANN performance and individual prediction accuracies,especially for minor species mass *** validate its effectiveness,the approach is compared to standard ANNs in terms of performance and ANN *** distinct reaction mechanisms(H_(2),c_(7)H_(16),c_(12)H_(26),OME_(34))are used as a test cases,and results demonstrate that considerable improvements can be achieved by applying both modifications.

关键词： Neural network approach chemical kinetics Flamelet tabulation Mass conservation Species loss weighting

Entangled photon pair generation in an integrated Sic platform

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1041-1046页

作者： Anouar Rahmouni Ruixuan Wang Jingwei Li Xiao Tang Thomas Gerrits oliver Slattery Qing Li Lijun Ma National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau DrGaithersburgMD20899USA Department of Electrical and computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA15213USA

Entanglement plays a vital role in quantum information *** to its unique material properties,silicon carbide recently emerged as a promising candidate for the scalable implementation of advanced quantum information processing *** date,however,only entanglement of nuclear spins has been reported in silicon carbide,while an entangled photon source,whether it is based on bulk or chip-scale technologies,has remained ***,we report the demonstration of an entangled photon source in an integrated silicon carbide platform for the first ***,strongly correlated photon pairs are efficiently generated at the telecom c-band wavelength through implementing spontaneous four-wave mixing in a compact microring resonator in the 4H-silicon-carbide-on-insulator *** maximum coincidence-to-accidental ratio exceeds 600 at a pump power of 0.17 mW,corresponding to a pair generation rate of(9±1)×10^(3) pairs/***-time entanglement is created and verified for such signal-idler photon pairs,with the two-photon interference fringes exhibiting a visibility larger than 99%.The heralded single-photon properties are also measured,with the heralded g^((2))(0)on the order of 10^(−3),demonstrating the Sic platform as a prospective fully integrated,complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible single-photon source for quantum applications.

关键词： quantum coincidence mixing

Tensorial tomographic Fourier ptychography with applications to muscle tissue imaging

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第2期6卷 50-60页

作者： Shiqi Xu Xi Yang Paul Ritter Xiang Dai Kyung chul Lee Lucas Kreiss Kevin c.Zhou Kanghyun Kim Amey chaware Jadee Neff carolyn Glass Seung Ah Lee oliver Friedrich Roarke Horstmeyer Duke University DurhamNorth CarolinaUnited States Friedrich-Alexander University ErlangenGermany Uc San Diego La JollaCaliforniaUnited States Yonsei University SeoulRepublic of Korea Uc Berkeley BerkeleyCaliforniaUnited States Duke University Medical center DurhamNorth CarolinaUnited States

We report tensorial tomographic Fourier ptychography(T^(2)oFu),a nonscanning label-free tomographic microscopy method for simultaneous imaging of quantitative phase and anisotropic specimen information in *** upon Fourier ptychography,a quantitative phase imaging technique,T^(2)oFu additionally highlights the vectorial nature of *** imaging setup consists of a standard microscope equipped with an LED matrix,a polarization generator,and a polarization-sensitive *** tensors of anisotropic samples are computationally recovered from polarized intensity measurements across three *** demonstrate T^(2)oFu’s efficiency through volumetric reconstructions of refractive index,birefringence,and orientation for various validation samples,as well as tissue samples from muscle fibers and diseased heart *** reconstructions of healthy muscle fibers reveal their 3D fine-filament structures with consistent ***,we demonstrate reconstructions of a heart tissue sample that carries important polarization information for detecting cardiac amyloidosis.

关键词： computational imaging three-dimensional imaging phase retrieval microscopy polarization-sensitive imaging labelfree imaging

Soil Temperature Dependent Growth of cotton Seedlings Before Emergence

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Pedosphere 2008年第1期18卷 54-59页

作者： G.NABI c.E.mullins Land Resources Research Program National Agricultural Research CentrePark RoadIslamabad45500 (Pakistan) Department of Plant and Soil Science Cruickshank BuildingUniversity of AberdeenAB24 3UU (UK)

Soil temperature is an important variable governing plant growth and development. Studies were conducted under laboratory conditions to determine the effect of soil temperature on root and shoot growth of cotton during emergence. cotton seedlings were grown for 192 h at 20, 32 and 38℃ in soil packed in 300 mm long and 50 mm diameter cylinders. The data indicated that the longest roots （173 ram） as well as shoots （152 mm） were recorded at 32℃ followed by 20 （130 mm root and 82 mm shoot） and 38℃ （86 mm root and 50 mm shoot）. Roots grown at 20 and 38 ℃ were 20% and 50% shorter, respectively, than those grown at 32℃ after 192 h. Roots and shoots exhibited the lowest length and dry biomass at 38 ℃. Shoot lengths grown at 20 （74 mm） and 38℃（51 mm） were 44% and 61% shorter than those grown at 32℃（131 mm） after 180 h growth period, respectively. Growth at all three temperatures followed a similar pattern. Initially there was a linear growth phase followed by the reduction or cessation of growth. Time to cessation of growth varied with temperature and decreased faster at higher temperatures. Sowing of cotton should be accomplished before seedbed reaches a soil temperature （≥ 38 ℃） detrimental for emergence. Further, the seedbeds should be capable of providing sufficient moisture and essential nutrients for emerging seedling before its seed reserves are exhausted to enhance seedling establishment in soil.

关键词： linear growth root/shoot elongation soil temperature

Interindividual Age-Independent Differences in Human cX43 Impact Ventricular Arrhythmic Risk

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Research 2024年第3期6卷 417-432页

作者： Laura García-Mendívil María Pérez-Zabalza Antoni oliver-Gelabert JoséMaría Vallejo-Gil Javier Fañanás-Mastral Manuel Vázquez-Sancho Javier AndréBellido-Morales Alexánder Sebastián Vaca-Núñez carlos Ballester-cuenca Emiliano Diez Laura Ordovás Esther Pueyo Biomedical Signal Interpretation and computational Simulation group(BSIcoS) Aragón Institute of Engineering ResearchUniversity of ZaragozaZaragoza 50018Spain BSIcoS Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón(IISA)Zaragoza 50018Spain centro Universitario de la Defensa(cUD) Zaragoza 50090Spain. Department of cardiovascular Surgery University Hospital Miguel ServetZaragoza 50009Spain. Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology of cuyo(IMBEcU) CONICETMendoza 5500Argentina. Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo(ARAID) Zaragoza 50018Spain. Biomedical Research Networking center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine(CIBER-BBN)Zaragoza 50018Spain.

connexin 43 (cX43) is one of the major components of gap junctions, the structures responsible for the intercellular communication and transmission of the electrical impulse in the left ventricle. There is limited information on the histological changes of cX43 with age and their effect on electrophysiology, especially in humans. Here, we analyzed left ventricular biopsies from living donors starting at midlife to characterize age-related cX43 remodeling. We assessed its quantity, degree of lateralization, and spatial heterogeneity together with fibrotic deposition. We observed no significant age-related remodeling of cX43. Only spatial heterogeneity increased slightly with age, and this increase was better explained by biological age than by chronological age. Importantly, we found that cX43 features varied considerably among individuals in our population with no relevant relationship to age or fibrosis content, in contrast to animal species. We used our experimental results to feed computational models of human ventricular electrophysiology and to assess the effects of interindividual differences in specific features of cX43 and fibrosis on conduction velocity, action potential duration, and arrhythmogenicity. We found that larger amounts of fibrosis were associated with the highest arrhythmic risk, with this risk being increased when fibrosis deposition was combined with a reduction in cX43 amount and/or with an increase in cX43 spatial heterogeneity. These mechanisms underlying high arrhythmic risk in some individuals were not associated with age in our study population. In conclusion, our data rule out cX43 remodeling as an age-related arrhythmic substrate in the population beyond midlife, but highlight its potential as a proarrhythmic factor at the individual level, especially when combined with increased fibrosis.

关键词： cX43 rhythm Independent

Establishment,functional and genetic characterization of a colon derived large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma cell line

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第33期24卷 3749-3759页

作者： Michael Gock christina S mullins christine Harnack Friedrich Prall Robert Ramer Anja Goder oliver H Kramer Ernst Klar Michael Linnebacher Department of General Surgery University of RostockRostock 18055Germany Department of General Surgery Section of Molecular Oncology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of RostockRostock 18055Germany Institute of Pathology University of RostockRostock 18055Germany Institute of Pharmacology University of RostockRostock 18055Germany Institute of Toxicology University Medical Center MainzMainz 55131Germany

AIM To establish cell line and patient-derived xenograft(PDX) models for neuroendocrine carcinomas(NEc) which is highly desirable for gaining insight into tumor development as well as preclinical research includingbiomarker testing and drug response *** cell line establishment was conducted from direct in vitro culturing of colonic NEc tissue(HROc57). A PDX could also successfully be established from vitally frozen tumor samples. Morphological features, invasive and migratory behavior of the HROc57 cells as well as expression of neuroendocrine markers were vastly analyzed. Phenotypic analysis was done by microscopy and multicolor flow cytometry. The extensive molecular-pathological profiling included mutation analysis, assessment of chromosomal and microsatellite instability; and in addition, fingerprinting(i.e., STR analysis) was performed from the cell line in direct comparison to primary patient-derived tissues and the PDX model established. Drug responsiveness was examined for a panel of chemotherapeutics in clinical use for the treatment of solid *** The established cell line HROc57 showed distinct morphological and molecular features of a poorly differentiated large-cell NEc with KI-67 > 50%. Molecular-pathological analysis revealed a cp G island promoter methylation positive cell line with microsatellite instability being absent. The following mutation profile was observed: KRAS(wt), BRAF(mut). A high sensitivity to etoposide, cisplatin and 5-FU could be demonstrated while it was more resistant towards rapamycin. cONcLUSION We successfully established and characterized a novel patient-derived NEc cell line in parallel to a PDX model as a useful tool for further analysis of the biological characteristics and for development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic options for NEc.

关键词： Patient-derived tumor model Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma Individualized medicine

Bofedal response to climate variability, local management, and water extraction: A case study of chucuyo, Northern chile

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第1期19卷 241-252页

作者： URIBE-ÁLVAREZ Monserrat c PRIETO Manuel MESEGUER-RUIZ oliver Departamento de ciencias Históricas y Geográficas Universidad de TarapacáArica 1010069Chile Departamento de ciencias Históricas y Geográficas Universidad de TarapacáIquique 1101783Chile

Andean high-altitude wetlands are important ecosystems that serve a range of socialecological functions. In the Andes, bofedales, a specific type of peat-producing wetland, are essential for the sustainability of mountain ecosystems and indigenous pastoralist communities. The chucuyo bofedal in northern chile is affected by climatic variability and water extraction for agricultural uses via the Lauca canal. Herders in the local community also actively manage this wetland according to their traditional ecological knowledge to ensure permanent fodder for their animals. In this article, we analyze the annual behavior of the chucuyo bofedal after the wet season. Based on precipitation data, extracted water flows, vegetation vigor from satellite images, and an ethnographic approach, we determined that the bofedal’s productivity was negatively correlated with the amount of precipitation and positively correlated with the surface area of the wetland. However, water extraction via the Lauca channel had no significant relationship with either surface area or vegetation vigor. We identify community practices and traditional ecological knowledge as key elements in the maintenance of these ecosystems. This situation is critical in the context of an aging population and the current pattern of migration out of the region to urban areas. The results provide substantial empirical evidence for future decision-making regarding the conservation of these ecosystems.

关键词： Atacama Bofedales Indigenous people Lauca canal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index