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Factors influencing adoption of soil and water conservation practices in the northwest Ethiopian highlands

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第1期8卷 80-89页

作者： Agere belachew Wuletaw Mekuria Kavitha Nachimuthu Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension University of GondarP.O.Box 196GondarEthiopia RD National Arts and Science(Co-education)College ErodeTamilnaduIndia

Soil erosion has long been a problem in the Ethiopian highlands in general and Dembecha district in particular. The objective of this study was to identify factors influencing adoption of soil and water conservation practices. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from primary and sec-ondary sources. The primary data were collected from respondent samples and key informants through interview and personal observation. The secondary data were collected from sources such as books, journals, statistical reports and official documents. A multistage sampling technique was applied to select sample households. Sample sizes of 150 households were selected using simple random sampling. Both descriptive statistics and a multivariate probit econometric model were employed to analyze the data. The model results revealed that the likelihood of decisions to adopt soil bund, stone bund, check dam and strip cropping were 74, 56, 29 and 56%respectively. The joint probability of adopting the selected soil and water conservation practices was 14.2%. The model results also confirmed that age, sex, education level, household size, livestock holding, land size, access to credit, access to extension service and training were significant factors that affected the adoption of soil and water conservation practices in the study area. Based on our findings, the study suggests that the government and stakeholders should focus on strengthening the provision of formal and non-formal training and facilitate an effective extension service.

关键词： Adoption Multivariate probit model Soil degradation Strip cropping

The impacts of land-use and land-cover change on wetland ecosystem service values in peri-urban and urban area of Bahir Dar City, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Northwestern Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 510-527页

作者： Workiyie Worie Assefa belachew Getnet Eneyew Ayalew Wondie Department of Biology College of ScienceBlue Nile Water InstituteBahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir DarEthiopia. College of Social Science Blue Nile Water InstituteBahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir DarEthiopia. School of Fisheries and Wildlife College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesBahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir DarEthiopia.

Background:Even though wetlands are essential in enhancing water quality and providing recreation and entertainment opportunities in urban areas,their values are overlooked by the *** of the economic value of wetland ecosystem services contributes to their continuing deterioration and inevitable *** the changes in ecosystem service values(ESV)can provide crucial information for *** study,therefore,analyzes the temporal and spatial land-use/land-cover(LULC)change patterns over 35 years(1984–2019)intending to evaluate its impact on wetland ecosystem service values in Bahir Dar City,*** and change analyses of ESVs were conducted by employing ArcGIS using LULC inputs of the year 1984,1994,2004,2014,and 2019 with their corresponding global value coefficients that were developed earlier and our own modified value coefficients for the studied ***:The results showed that wetlands and water bodies of the city and its peripheries had decreased by 75.71%(−1618 ha)within 35 years,while built-up area increased by 216.24%(+2599 ha).Cultivated land had increased slightly from 1984 to 1994 and then gradually declined since *** in LULC had resulted in a decline of the total *** total ESV had decreased from USD 29.73×10^(6) to USD 20.84×10^(6) in 35 *** indicates the loss of nearly USD 8.9×10^(6) ESV from 1984 to 2019.A sensitivity analysis suggested the robustness of ESV estimation in the study *** individual ecosystem services experienced a negative ***,a greater reduction in ESV was observed for services such as water regulation,waste treatment,and habitats for maintaining *** expansion of built-up area of Bahir Dar City was the major factor that contributed to the loss of ESV provided by ***:The loss of ESV resulting in LULC changes has a negative implication on local climate,waste management,and the livelihoods of the poor co

关键词： Ecosystem service Economic valuation Land use/land cover Landscape change Urban wetland

Microstructure and Properties of the Cr–Si–N Coatings Deposited by Combining High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering(HiPIMS) and Pulsed DC Magnetron Sputtering

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2017年第7期30卷 688-696页

作者： Tie-Gang Wang Yu Dong belachew Abera Gebrekidan Yan-Mei Liu Qi-Xiang Fan Kwang Ho Kim Tianjin Key Laboratory of High Speed Cutting and Precision Manufacturing Tianjin University of Technology and Education Global Frontier R&D Center for Hybrid Interface Materials Pusan National University

The Cr–Si–N coatings were prepared by combining system of high-power impulse magnetron sputtering and pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. The Si content in the coating was adjusted by changing the sputtering power of the Si *** virtue of electron-probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy, the influence of the Si content on the coating composition, phase constituents, deposition rate, surface morphology and microstructure was investigated systematically. In addition, the change rules of micro-hardness, internal stress, adhesion, friction coefficient and wear rate with increasing Si content were also obtained. In this work, the precipitation of silicon in the coating was *** increasing Si content, the coating microstructure gradually evolved from continuous columnar to discontinuous columnar and quasi-equiaxed crystals; accordingly, the coating inner stress first declined sharply and then kept almost constant. Both the coating hardness and the friction coefficient have the same change tendency with the increase of the Si content, namely increasing at first and then decreasing. The Cr–Si–N coating presented the highest hardness and average friction coefficient for an Si content of about 9.7 at.%, but the wear resistance decreased slightly due to the high *** above phenomenon was attributed to a microstructural evolution of the Cr–Si–N coatings induced by the silicon addition.

关键词： Cr–Si–N coating High-power impulse magnetron sputtering(HiPIMS) Pulsed DC magnetron sputtering Mechanical property Friction coefficient

Prevalence and risks of soil transmitted helminths among Ethiopian school children:A cross-sectional study

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第3期15卷 121-127页

作者： Abebe Fenta Bewket Mesganaw Feven belachew Getachew Teshale Gashaw Abebaw Elias Tesfa Getaye Alemayehu Department of Medical Laboratory Science Health Science CollegeDebre Markos UniversityDebre MarkosEthiopia

Objective:To assess the prevalence and associated factors of soil transmitted helminths(STHs)among Endemata primary school in North West Ethiopia,***:A cross-sectional study with 195 school children was conducted from May to July 2021 at Endemata primary *** study participants were selected by using systematic random sampling *** samples were processed via direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration *** was entered by Epi-Dara version 3.1 and data analysis was done using SPSS version *** were considered to be statistically significant if P<0.05 at 95%confidence ***:The overall prevalence of STHs was 10.8%(95%CI 7.1-16.0).The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides,hookworm and Trichuris trichiura were 5.6%(95%CI 3.1-9.9),3.1%(95%CI 1.3-6.7)and 2.1%(95%CI 0.6-5.3),*** 1-4 students were more likely to get infected with STHs as compared to grade 5-8 students(adjusted OR 4.7,95%CI 1.3-16.6).Students who did not have latrines at their home were at higher risk to develop STHs infection comparing with those who had latrine at their home(adjusted OR 5.0,95%CI 1.7-15.2).Similarly,the school children who did not wear shoes were more likely to be infected by STH parasite than those who did it(adjusted OR 6.3,95%CI 1.9-20.7).The odds of being infected by STH parasites in children who did not trim their fingernails were 4.9 as compared to those who did it(adjusted OR 4.9,95%CI 1.5-15.7).Conclusions:The prevalence of STHs among Endemata primary school children was *** grade level,latrine availability,shoes wear and nail status were significantly associated with STHs ***,we recommend policy makers and stakeholders to follow the integration of deworming with water,hygiene and sanitation as well as the consistent health education of school children to control and prevent STH infections.

关键词： Soil transmitted helminths Prevalence Associated factors School children Ethiopia

Household satisfaction and associated factors with community-based health insurance scheme in Ethiopia:systematic review and meta-analysis

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Global Health Research and Policy 2023年第1期8卷 121-134页

作者： Daniel Tarekegn Worede Mengistie Kassahun Tariku Melash belachew Asresie Belayneh Fentahun Shibesh Department of Public Health College of Medicine and Health ScienceDebre Markos University269Debre MarkosEthiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthCollege of Medicine and Health ScienceBahir Dar University79Bahir DarEthiopia Department of Reproductive and Population Health School of Public Health College of Medicine and Health ScienceBahir Dar University79Bahir DarEthiopia.

Background Community-based health insurance(CBHI)schemes are crucial for households to avoid financial hardship,improve healthcare quality,and engage in health *** satisfaction is a key indicator for assessing healthcare quality and identifying service ***,research on household satisfaction with CBHI in Ethiopia is ***,this study aimed to evaluate household satisfaction and associated factors with CBHI schemes in *** A comprehensive search of relevant literature was conducted using multiple databases,including Pub-Med,Google Scholar,Africa Journal Online,and Ethiopian Universities’institutional open-access online *** search was carried out between January 25,2023,and February 28,*** primary studies,including eight published and four unpublished,were identified and included in the analysis with a total sample size of 5311 participants.A protocol with the registration number CRD20531345698 is recorded on the Prospero *** authors,DT and MK,independently extracted the required data using a standardized *** extracted data were then analyzed using STATA version 17 *** was assessed using the Cochrane Q-test and I2 ***,a random-effect model was employed to calculate the overall household satisfaction with CBHI and to determine the associated *** The meta-analysis showed that the overall household satisfaction with CBHI in Ethiopia was 62.26%(95%CI 53.25-71.21%).The study found regional variations in household satisfaction,with 63.40%in Oromia,64.01%in Amhara,49.58%in Addis Ababa,and 66.76%in *** study identified several factors associated with household satisfaction and the CBHI scheme,including the availability of drugs(OR 2.13,95%CI 1.47-2.78),friendly services(OR 3.85,95%CI 1.60-6.10),affordability of premium(OR 2.80,95%CI 1.97-3.63),and knowledge/awareness of CBHI(OR 2.52,95%CI 1.73-3.33).Conclusions The study provides valuable insights in

关键词： Household satisfaction Associated factors Health insurance Ethiopia Systematic review and metaanalysis

Urban Noise in a Metropolitan Towns

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Open Journal of Acoustics 2014年第4期4卷 163-176页

作者： Lakavath Ravinder Mesfin Getahun belachew Department of Construction Technology and Management Wolaita Sodo University Wolaita Sodo Ethiopia

This study is aimed at bringing out the salient aspects of urban noise and its study and control aspects, at different location of a metropolitans town. Field measurements at different points of times a day have also been recorded at a number of high-traffic-intensity locations on main roads of towns. The data obtained are analyzed using SPSS package for calculation through ANOVA technique and the findings of these studies have been recorded. The variation of SPL considering the time of the day has been studied and illustrated through graphical plots. It shows that the peak early morning max sound pressure levels observed over the recommended limiting value. In some places, the low frequency noise predominates in the early morning hours, noise levels are significant among and within the 15 groups. The variation of sound pressure (Maximum, Minimum and L equivalent readings) levels as shown in the graphical plots, the Maximum and L equivalent levels exceeded the recommended noise level. Important conclusions of this work have been drawn subsequently.

关键词： Noise Pollution Noise Effects Noise Control SPSS Package ANOVA Technique Sound Pressure Level Decibel-Sound Sound When A-Weighted

Structure and Natural Regeneration Status of Woody Plants of Berbere Afromontane Moist Forest, Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia;Implication to Biodiversity Conservation

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Open Journal of Forestry 2017年第3期7卷 352-371页

作者： Tesfaye Bogale Demeke Datiko Shiferew belachew Mettu Biodiversity Center Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI) Mettu Ethiopia Hawassa Biodiversity Center Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI) Hawassa Ethiopia Biology Department Madda Walabu University Bale-Robe Ethiopia

The study was conducted on Berbere Forest in Bale Zone of Oromia Regional State, south east of Ethiopia with the objective of determining the structural analysis and natural regeneration status of the forest. Systematic sampling method was used to collect vegetation data. Seventy two nest quadrat sizes of 400 m2 (20 m × 20 m) for trees and shrubs were used. Within the main quadrat, two opposite side of each sub-quadrat of 25 m2 (5 m × 5 m) for sapling, 4 m2 (2 m × 2 m) for seedling of woody plants. The diameter and height were measured for all individual trees and shrubs having DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) ≥ 10 cm thick and ≥2 m height by using a diameter tape or caliper and clinometer respectively. For description and analysis of vegetation structure Diameter at Breast Height (DBH), basal area, tree density, height, frequency and important value index were used. Structural analysis of some selected tree species was revealed four different population patterns (bell shaped, inverted J-shaped, irregular and U-shaped). The total basal area of Berbere forest was 87.49 m2/ha, but most of the basal area was contributed by few large sized Moraceae family (Ficus vasta, Ficus ovate and Ficus thonningii) plant species. Analysis of regeneration status of woody plants in the forest showed 37.09% trees/shrubs species exhibited “good”, 19.35% showed “fair”, 6.45% showed “poor” and 25.81% trees/shrubs species were “not regenerating” at all and 11.29% trees/shrubs species were available only in sapling or seedling stage. Studies on the structure and regeneration of the forest indicated that there are species that require urgent conservation measures. Therefore, based on the results of this study, we recommended detail regenerating studies of seed bank in relation to various environmental factors such as soil type and properties.

关键词： Bale Zone Berbere Forest Structural Analysis Regeneration Status

Nutritional Status and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Wondo Genet District, Southern Ethiopia

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2015年第2期5卷 85-94页

作者： Desalegn Kuche Pragya Singh Debebe Moges Tefera belachew Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate Ethiopian Public Health Institute P.O. Box 1242/5654 Gulelle ArbegnochStreet (Former Pasteur Institute) Gulele Sub City Addis Ababa Ethiopia School of Nutrition Food Science and Technology Department of Applied Human Nutrition Awassa College of AgricultureHawassa University P.O. Box 05 Hawassa Ethiopia Department of Population and Family Health College of Medicine and Health Science Jima University P.O. Box 378 JimaEthiopia

Inadequate quality and quantity diet is one of the major reasons for high levels of malnutrition in pregnant women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Wondo Genet District, Southern Ethiopia. A two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select a representative sample of 153 pregnant women aged 19-49 years from three rural villages （＂Kebeles＂）. Energy and nutrient intakes from foods were calculated from one-day weighed food records on a sub-sample （n = 77）. The result of the study showed that the intakes of most nutrients were lower than the recommended intake. The energy intake of the study participants both in 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy were 2,308 kcal and 1,420.5 kcal compared to the recommended 2,340 kcal and 2,452 kcal, respectively. Except iron, almost all micronutrient intakes were lower than the recommended intake. Vitamin A intake was 3/ag compared with the recommended 800μg, while protein intake of the study respondents in 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy was 45.9 g and 31.5 g, respectively, compared with the recommended 71 g. Risk factors for undernutrition were multiple pregnancy and no consumption of cereal-based foods. This study revealed that the energy and nutrient intake of the pregnant women in study area was below the recommended intakes. Furthermore, the situation might be aggravated by high phytate content food consumption reported. Nutritional status of pregnant women in study area was not adequate to support the increased energy and nutrient requirement of the participants.

关键词： Pregnant women nutritional status vitamins energy protein Southern Ethiopia.

Compressive and Flexural Strength of Recycled Reactive Powder Concrete Containing Finely Dispersed Local Wastes

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2018年第1期8卷 12-26页

作者： Demiss belachew Asteray Walter Odhiambo Oyawa Stanley Muse Shitote Civil Engineering Department Pan African University Institute for Basic Science Technology and Innovation Hosted at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Addis Ababa Science and Technology University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Commission for University Education Nairobi Kenya Civil and Structural Engineering Department Moi University Eldoret Kenya

The main objective of this experimental study is to investigate the behavior of Recycled Reactive Powder Concrete (RRPC) developed from finely dispersed local waste raw materials. In this study, RRPC was developed by utilizing local wastes (finely dispersed waste glass powder, waste fly ash and waste ceramic powder) together with Portland cement, fine sand, admixture, steel fibers and water through full replacement of silica fume as well as quartz powder for sustainable construction practice. In this study, all raw materials for making RRPC were analyzed for X-Ray Fluorescence analysis. For sustainability of local construction works, this study employed standard curing method at ambient temperatures instead of steam curing at higher temperatures. Moreover, hand mixing was used throughout the study. To evaluate the structural performances of the developed RRPC mixes, compressive and flexural strengths of RRPC were investigated experimentally and compared with the control mix. The experimental results indicated that replacing the silica fume fully by finely dispersed local waste glass powder (GP) and fly ash (FA) is a promising approach for local structural construction applications. Accordingly, a mean compressive strength of 62.9 MPa and flexural strength of 8.8 MPa were developed using 50% GP-50% FA at 28thdays standard curing. In this study, 17.56% larger compressive strength and 30.6% flexural strength improvements were observed as compared to the control mix.

关键词： Local Wastes Recycled Reactive Powder Concrete Compressive Strength Flexural Strength Standard Curing