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Clearcuts and related secondary dieback undermine the ecological effectiveness of FSC certification in a boreal forest

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 108-116页

作者： Jeanette Silvin Blumröder Monika T.Hoffmann olga ilina Susanne Winter Peter R.Hobson Pierre L.Ibisch Centre for Econics and Ecosystem Management Eberswalde University for Sustainable DevelopmentAlfred-Moeller-Str.116225 EberswaldeGermany Petrozavodsk State University Lenina st.33185000 PetrozavodskRussia Karelian Nature Conservancy(SPOK) PetrozavodskRussia WWF Germany Reinhardtstr1810117 BerlinGermany Centre for Econics and Ecosystem Management Writtle University CollegeLordship RoadWrittle Chelmsford Essex CM13RRUK

Background:Over the last 25 years,the prominent forest certification system established by the Forest Stewardship Council(FSC)has used by many companies worldwide for claiming responsible forest *** objectives of the Russian National FSC standard to decrease the size of clearcuts and the retention of forest elements such as residual seed trees need on-site validation to proof the effectiveness of *** assess the ecological impacts of harvesting practices and benefits of FSC certification,we geospatially compared logging activities with and without FSC *** a sample area covering approximately 3,000 km^(2) in the east of the Russian Arkhangelsk Region,we used available data on tree cover loss and satellite images to assess secondary impacts of clearcuttings on adjacent remnant forests and to quantify the logging ***,the size and structure as well as the density of skidding trails of ten specific clearcuttings located within the sample area were surveyed using satellite images and in the field observation to delineate the boundaries of clearcuts and forested remnants within the ***:We found a significant increase of small-scale tree cover loss in the proximity of the *** dieback is possibly linked to the scale and intensity of logging in the *** the investigated clearcuts,FSC failed to reduce the size,to increase the retention of forest remnants including seed trees on logged areas,and to maintain larger tracts of undisturbed ground and soil compared to clearcuts that were logged before they received ***:Trees and forest remnants remaining inside an increasingly stressed forest ecosystem matrix may not resist further harvesting-related and climate change-induced stresses and ***-scale clearcuttings seem to have negative impacts even in adjacent forests and undermine the ecological effectiveness of FSC certification in the study *** Russi

关键词： Ecological effectiveness Impact assessment Forest certification Sustainable forestry

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A comparative life cycle assessment of phytosterol and meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) oncoprotective functional food ingredients

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Food Bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 1204-1216页

作者： Aigul V.Miniakhmetova olga I.Sergienko Victoria S.ilina Artem I.Lepeshkin Denis A.Baranenko Faculty of Ecotechnology ITMO UniversitySt.Petersburg191002Russia International Research Centre “Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium” Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech)ITMO UniversitySt.Petersburg191002Russia

The urgent and relevant goals of providing a healthier diet and sustainable food systems taken together require a systematic approach that considers a broader environment for food choice. The paper compares three technologies to produce functional ingredients for preventing oncological diseases - each of them involving different sources of raw materials - a by-product of soybean processing, wild meadowsweet extract and planted meadowsweet extract. Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been selected to justify the choice of raw ingredients and the best technology for the stakeholders. Life cycle inventory analysis (LCIA) of technologies was carried out based on the SimaPro 9.***.1.1. To confirm the results of the LCIA of technologies to produce biologically active substances (BAS) from by-products of soybean oil processing, the following models of the SimaPro 9.***.1.1 software were used: EPD (2018) V1.01, ReCiPe 2016 (Midpoint (H) V1.04 / World (2010) H) and IPCC 2013 (GWP 500a V1.01). The validation of the results and the assessment of the impact of uncertainties in the initial data on the LCA calculations of the technologies were carried out using Monte Carlo method. The results showed that production of BAS from a by-product of soybean oil processing is the most environmentally friendly technology, and the data obtained could add to the life cycle database for the category of “Functional food ingredients” or serve as an example for further research and comparison with other targeted functional ingredients.

关键词： Prevention of non-communicable diseases Biologically active substances Encapsulation LCA Environmental product declaration

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