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Review of the prevalence,diagnostics,and containment measures of the current mpox outbreak

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第6期11卷 1252-1260页

作者： Adekunle Sanyaolu Aleksandra Marinkovic Chuku Okorie Stephanie Prakash Nafees Haider Yashika Dixon Ricardo Izurieta olanrewaju badaru Stella Smith Public Health Federal Ministry of HealthAbuja 083Federal Capital TerritoryNigeria Basic Science Saint James School of MedicineThe Quarter 2640Anguilla Allied Sciences Union County CollegePlainfieldNJ 07060United States Basic Science All Saints University School of MedicineRoseau 0000Dominica Basic Science Windsor University School of MedicineCayon 0000Saint Kitts and Nevis Global Communicable Diseases College of Public HealthUniversity of South FloridaTampaFL 33620United States Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchLagos 101245Nigeria

Monkeypox(mpox),is a disease from the Poxviridae family that can cause several serious medical issues.This mini-review sought to analyze the existing literature regarding the current mpox outbreak with a focus on the prevalence,diagnostics,and containment measures.Mpox cases have been reported to World Health Organization(WHO)from 85 Member States in all six WHO regions during the period of January 1,2022,through August 3,2022.Standardized or optimized guidelines for the clinical care of patients with mpox are limited,particularly in low-resource settings.In an effort to achieve guidance and meet standards,special attention should be paid to this outbreak in order to eradicate such a rare infectious disease by analyzing prevention and control measures.Patient outcomes may also be poor,and their illnesses may last for a long time.The spectrum of clinical symptoms,including complications and sequelae,as well as aspects of the illness may be indicators of sickness severity and complications;therefore,its clinical presentation must be better understood to improve containment measures.In addition,it is important to create and evaluate a standard of care that takes a variety of parameters into account,including antiviral,immune therapies,and clinical metrics that are particular to mpox.The global emergence of mpox has presented new challenges for public health and has called for further investigation into its epidemiological profile across international contexts.

关键词： Monkeypox virus Outbreak Prevalence Containment Epidemiology Orthopoxvirus

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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529): A concern with immune escape

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World Journal of Virology 2022年第3期11卷 137-143页

作者： Adekunle Sanyaolu Aleksandra Marinkovic Stephanie Prakash Nafees Haider Martina Williams Chuku Okorie olanrewaju badaru Stella Smith Department of Public Health Federal Ministry of HealthAbuja 0000Nigeria Department of Basic Sciences Saint James School of MedicineThe Valley 0000Anguilla Department of Basic Sciences All Saints University School of MedicineRoseau 0000Dominica Department of Allied Sciences Union County CollegePlainfieldNJ 07060United States Department of Public Health Nigeria Centre for Disease ControlAbuja 0000Nigeria Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Nigerian Institute of Medical ResearchLagos 100001Nigeria

Omicron,the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)variant that is now spreading across the world,is the most altered version to emerge so far,with mutations comparable to changes reported in earlier variants of concern linked with increased transmissibility and partial resistance to vaccineinduced immunity.This article provides an overview of the SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron(B.1.1.529)by reviewing the literature from major scientific databases.Although clear immunological and clinical data are not yet available,we extrapolated from what is known about mutations present in the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 and offer preliminary indications on transmissibility,severity,and immune escape through existing research and databases.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Omicron B.1.1.529 Variant of concern Emerging variants

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Tacrolimus-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following liver transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 1-7页

作者： Arthur Dilibe Lakshmi Subramanian Tracy-Ann Poyser Osejie Oriaifo Ryan Brady Sashwath Srikanth olanrewaju Adabale Olayiwola Akeem Bolaji Hassam Ali Department of Medicine ECU Health Medical CenterGreenvilleNC 27834United States Department of Medicine Unity Health-White County Medical CenterSearcyAR 72143United States Department of Physical Medicine and Rehab ECU Health Medical CenterGreenvilleNC 27834United States Department of Medicine University of Maryland Capital Region HealthLargoMD 20774United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology East Carolina University/Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27858United States

In this editorial,we talk about a compelling case focusing on posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome(PRES)as a complication in patients undergoing liver transplantation and treated with Tacrolimus.Tacrolimus(FK 506),derived from Streptomyces tsukubaensis,is a potent immunosuppressive macrolide.It inhibits Tcell transcription by binding to FK-binding protein,and is able to amplify glucocorticoid and progesterone effects.Tacrolimus effectively prevents allograft rejection in transplant patients but has adverse effects such as Tacrolimus-related PRES.PRES presents with various neurological symptoms alongside elevated blood pressure,and is primarily characterized by vasogenic edema on neuroimaging.While computed tomography detects initial lesions,magnetic resonance imaging,especially the Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery sequence,is superior for diagnosing cortical and subcortical edema.Our discussion centers on the incidence of PRES in solid organ transplant recipients,which ranges between 0.5 to 5+ACU-,with varying presentations,from seizures to visual disturbances.The case of a 66-year-old male status post liver transplantation highlights the diagnostic and management challenges associated with Tacrolimus-related PRES.Radiographically evident in the parietal and occipital lobes,PRES underlines the need for heightened vigilance among healthcare providers.This editorial emphasizes the importance of early recognition,accurate diagnosis,and effective management of PRES to optimize outcomes in liver transplant patients.The case further explores the balance between the efficacy of immunosuppression with Tacrolimus and its potential neurological risks,underlining the necessity for careful monitoring and intervention strategies in this patient population.

关键词： Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome Liver transplantation Tacrolimus Immunocompromised patients Neurological complications Solid organ transplant

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Influence of Non-Natural Ageing Temperature on the Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Cast Aluminum 6063 Alloy

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 91-99页

作者： Oluwole Oladele Ayodele Adedeke Olajesu olanrewaju Samuel Olusunle Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Technology Akure Ondo State Nigeria Engineering Materials Development Institute NASENI Akure Ondo State Nigeria Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA USA NASENI Abuja Nigeria

This research considered the effect of non-natural aging on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of as-cast aluminum 6063 alloys. The samples were developed through a sand casting process and machined into tensile and impact test samples before carrying out solution heat treatment at 550?C (0.83 Tm) on two parts of the samples while retaining one part as the control. The two parts were further divided into sets denoted A and B and were aged at 180?C (0.27 Tm) and 160?C (0.24 Tm), respectively, for 12 hours. The results showed that sample A has the optimal yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of 192 and 206 MPa, respectively. Likewise, the sample gave the highest impact strength value of about 9.63 J/mm2. The observed results were supported by the optical micrograph, which revealed that the sample has evenly dispersed precipitates in its microstructure. This is deemed responsible for the observed increase in strength of the sample.

关键词： Aluminum Alloy Non-Natural Ageing Mechanical Properties Microstructural Features

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Additive manufacturing of 18%nickel maraging steels:Defect,structure and mechanical properties:A review

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第25期120卷 227-252页

作者： Lulu Guo Lina Zhang Joel Andersson olanrewaju Ojo Department of Mechanical Engineering University of ManitobaWinnipeg R3T 5V6Canada Department of Engineering Science University WestTrollh tan 46186Sweden

This paper reviews the latest research progress in the additive manufacturing(AM)process of 18%nickel maraging steels,which involves laser-based powder bed fusion(L-PBF),laser-based directed energy deposition(L-DED),and wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM).The emphasis is on the defects,structure,and mechanical properties of the additive manufactured 18%nickel maraging steels.At first,this article outlines the influences of the processing parameters of AM techniques on the defects formed in the fabricated parts,in terms of the L-PBF and WAAM.The macrostructure and microstructure characteristics of as-built and heat-treated 18%nickel maraging steel are then described in detail.Later,the mechanical properties of as-built and heat-treated 18%nickel maraging steel are assessed,such as their tensile,hardness,impact toughness,and fatigue performances.Finally,future directions for work on the AM of 18%nickel maraging steel are provided.

关键词： Additive manufacturing 18%Nickel maraging steel Defects Macrostructure Microstructure Mechanical properties

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The rhizosphere microbial complex in plant health:A review of interaction dynamics

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第8期21卷 2168-2182页

作者： Oluwaseyi Samuel olanrewaju Olubukola Oluranti BABALOLA Food Security and Safety Focus Area Faculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesNorth-West UniversityMmabatho 2735South Africa

Climate change,urbanization,and population increase limit food availability.To sustain human existence,there is the need to increase food and agricultural production to mitigate the impact of these factors.Scientists have been working for years on ways to increase food production.From plant breeding techniques to soil science,scientists have made tremendous progress.The rhizobiome has been proven to be important to crop production,and the impact of the rhizobiome on plant health cannot be overemphasized.Being rich in diverse complex microbial interactions,the rhizosphere has become a major force in recent plant growth promotion studies.The upsurge in next-generation sequencing applications with the various“omics”technologies is helping to unearth information relating to rhizosphere impact on plant growth.Explaining the complex interactions between and across microbial species present in the rhizosphere is important to further enhance our understanding of their mechanistic and mutualistic functions.Knowledge from this can be used in rhizosphere biome engineering for improved plant growth and yield in the face of the various biotic and abiotic challenges.

关键词： below-ground interactions climate change plant growth promotion plant microbiome root exudation

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Influence of mulch and poultry manure application on soil temperature,evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of dry season cultivated okra

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 382-392页

作者： Mutiu Abolanle Busarit Ganiyu Olawale Bankole Idris Adebanjo Adiamo Rasaq Olayiwola Abiodun olanrewaju Hammed Ologunde Department of Soil Science and Land Management Federal University of AgricultureAbeokutaPM.B2240AbeokutaNigeria

Sustainable vegetable production especially during the dry season requires adequate conservation of soil water.This study was conducted to evaluate the sole and interactive effects of mulching(M)and poultry manure(PM)application on soil temperature(ST),crop evapotranspiration(ETc)and water use efficiency(WUE)of okra.The experiment was a Randomized Complete Block Design(RCBD)with three replicates.The treatments were M at 0 and 6t ha^(-1)and PM at 0,10 and 20t ha^(-1).Soil temperature was measured using digital thermometer while ETc was determined by water depletion method using a Time Domain Reflectometer.Irrigation at field capacity was applied manually at 2-day intervals.Independent appli-cation of mulch significantly lowered ST while joint application of 20t ha^(-1)PM(PM20)and M signifi-cantly(p≤0.05)reduced ST at 5 cm and 10 cm soil depth compared with the unmulched plots in both seasons.Application of 10t ha^(-1)PM(PM10)without M recorded the highest ETc(43.7 mm),while joint application of PM20 and M reduced ETc by about 93%compared with PM10 only.Okra used water most efficiently when PM20 was applied under mulched plot.There was 62.2%increase in WUE under mulched plots compared with the control while the residual effect of PM10 and M significantly increased WUE by 65.5%.It was evident that M alongside application of PM is a good strategy for regulating ST,moderating ETc and increasing okra WUE,especially during dry season farming.

关键词： Evapotranspiration Soil temperature Volumetric water content Water depletion method Water use efficiency

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Modelling geographic accessibility to Primary Health Care Facilities:combining open data and geospatial analysis

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2019年第3期22卷 174-184页

作者： olanrewaju Lawal Felix E.Anyiam Department of Geography and Environmental Management Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of Port HarcourtPort HarcourtNigeria Centre for Health and Development University of Port HarcourtPort HarcourtNigeria

Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages is the 3rd Sustainable Development Goal(SDG).Inequality in access to health care remains one of the primary challenges in achieving the goal.With the ever-increasing expansion of urban areas and population growth,there is a need to regularly examine the pattern of accessibility of basic amenities across regions,States and urban areas.This study examined geographic access to Primary Health Care Facilities(PHCF)in Nigeria using the combination of open data and geospatial analysis techniques.Thus,showcasing an approach can be replicated across different regions in Sub-Saharan Africa due to issues of information gap.Data on elevation,location of health care facilities,population and network data were utilised.The result shows that PHCF aggregate at certain locations,e.***.major urban agglomerations,and transit route leading to these places.High concentrations are found in the capital city.The average travel time to the nearest PHCF is about 14 min(Standard Deviation±13.30 min)while the maximum is about 2 hours.Pockets of low accessibility areas exist across the Akwa Ibom State in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.There is an indication that most places have good geographic access.Across the 1787 settlements identified in our dataset,98.3%are with good access(60 min).Geographic access is not the main limiting factor to health care access in the region.Therefore,computation of access to health care should take into consideration other dimensions of accessibility,to create a robust measure which will support effective and efficient health care planning and delivery.

关键词： Spatial accessibility geographic accessibility Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) Primary Health Care Facilities(PHCF) Niger Delta geocomputation

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Knowledge and awareness of human mpox infection among healthcare workers:A cross-sectional study in southwestern Nigeria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第6期16卷 245-252,I0001页

作者： Paul Oladapo Ajayi Deborah Tolulope Esan Tope Michael Ipinnimo Moronkeji Temitope olanrewaju Oluremi Olayinka Solomon Olajumoke Oyewumi Atanda-Owoeye Department of Community Medicine Faculty of Clinical SciencesEkiti State UniversityAdo-EkitiEkiti StateNigeria Department of Nursing Science College of Health SciencesBOWEN UniversityIwoOsun StateNigeria Department of Community Medicine Federal Teaching HospitalIdo-EkitiEkiti StateNigeria Department of Family Medicine Federal Teaching HospitalIdo-EkitiEkiti StateNigeria Department of Community Medicine Ekiti State University Teaching HospitalAdo-EkitiEkiti StateNigeria

Objective:To identify the knowledge and awareness level of human mpox viral infection among healthcare workers in southwestern Nigeria.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ekiti State,southwest Nigeria among 316 healthcare workers that were selected through a systematic random sampling.Data were collected with the aid of a semi-structured,self-administered questionnaire.The Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to find the association between the independent and dependent variables.The significance level was set at P-value<0.05.Results:Two hundred and twenty-two(70.3%)of the respondents were aged≤40 years,mean age(36±9)years,189(59.8%)were female,306(96.8%)were Christians,and 203(64.2%)were married.Three hundred and fourteen(99.4%)of the respondents were aware of mpox infection.Main sources of information about mpox were medical education(44.0%),radio/television(32.0%)and newspaper(21.0%).However,among those aware of the disease,209(67.0%)demonstrated poor knowledge levels.Longer than 5 years’experience of medical practice was the only significant predictor of higher knowledge level of the disease(OR 1.76,95%CI 1.01-3.06;P=0.046).Conclusions:Despite the high awareness level of mpox infection among healthcare workers,there still exists a huge knowledge gap.It is recommended that targeted intervention could be directed towards continuous medical education and simulation exercises on re-emerging infectious diseases like mpox to improve the knowledge of the healthcare workers.

关键词： Awareness Knowledge Human mpox viral infection Healthcare workers Nigeria

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Dual solutions of MHD stagnation point flow and heat transfer over a stretching/shrinking sheet with generalized slip condition

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第6期22卷 2376-2384页

作者： ABBAS Zaheer MASOOD Tahmina olanrewaju Philip Oladapo Department of Mathematics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Department of Mathematical Sciences Oduduwa University

An analysis was made to study the steady momentum and heat transfer characteristics of a viscous electrically conducting fluid near a stagnation point due to a stretching/shrinking sheet in the presence of a transverse magnetic field and generalized slip condition. Two flow problems corresponding to the planar and axisymmetric stretching/shrinking sheet were considered. By means of similarity transformations, the obtained resultant nonlinear ordinary differential equations were solved numerically using a shooting method for dual solutions of velocity and temperature profiles. Some important physical features of the flow and heat transfer in terms of the fluid velocity, the temperature distribution, the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number for various values of the controlling governing parameters like velocity slip parameter, critical shear rate, magnetic field, ratio of stretching/shrinking rate to external flow rate and Prandtl number were analyzed and discussed. An increase of the critical shear rate decreases the fluid velocity whereas the local Nusselt number increases. The comparison of the present numerical results with the existing literature in a limiting case is given and found to be in an excellent agreement.

关键词：速度滑移收缩率拉伸流动广义 MHD 非线性常微分方程换热

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