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Insect Science 2015年第2期22卷 165-177页

作者： Sara L. Goodacre Claudia Fricke ol.ver y. martin School of Biology University of Nottingham Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham NG7 2UH United Kingdom Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity University of Muenster Muenster D-48 149 Germany ETH ZOrich Experimental Ecology Institute for IntegrativeBiology D-USYS CH-8092 ZOrich Switzerland

Reproductive parasites such as Wolbachia are extremely.widespread amongst the arthropods and can have a large influence over the reproduction and fitness of their hosts. Undetected infections could thus confound the results of a wide range of studies that focus on aspects of host behavior, reproduction, fitness, and degrees of reproductive isolation. This potential problem has already.been underlined by.work investigating the in- cidence of Wolbachia infections in stocks of the model sy.tem Drosophila melanogaster. Here we survey.a range of lab stocks of further commonly.used model arthropods, fo- cusing especially.on the flour beetles Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum, the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus and related species （Coleoptera： Tenebrionidae and Bruchidae）. These species are widespread stored product pests so knowledge of infec- tions with sy.bionts further has potential use in informing biocontrol measures. Beetles were assessed for infection with 3 known microbial reproductive parasites： Wolbachia, Rickettsia, Spiroplasma. Infections with some of these microbes were found in some of the lab stocks studied, although overall infections were relatively.rare. The consequences of finding infections in these or other species and the ty.e of previous studies likely.to be affected most are discussed.

关键词： Coleoptera reproductive isolation reproductive parasite sexual conflict sexual selection Wolbachia

Insect host-parasite coevolution in the light of experimental evolution

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Insect Science 2014年第4期21卷 401-414页

作者： Niels A. G. Kerstes ol.ver y. martin Experimental Ecology.Institute for Integrative Biology.D‐USy. ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

The many.way. parasites can impact their host species have been the focus of intense study.using a range of approaches. A particularly.promising but under-used method in this context is experimental evolution, because it allows targeted manipulation of known populations exposed to contrasting conditions. The strong potential of apply.ng this method to the study.of insect hosts and their associated parasites is demonstrated by.the few available long-term experiments where insects have been exposed to parasites. In this review, we summarize these studies, which have delivered valuable insights into the evolution of resistance in response to parasite pressure, the underly.ng mechanisms, as well as correlated genetic responses. We further assess findings from relevant artificial selection studies in the interrelated contexts of immunity. life history. and reproduction. In addition, we discuss a number of well-studied Tribolium castaneum-Nosema whitei coevolution experiments in more detail and provide suggestions for research. Specifically. we suggest that future experiments should also be performed using nonmodel hosts and should incorporate contrasting experimental conditions, such as population sizes or envi- ronments. Finally. we expect that adding a third partner, for example, a second parasite or sy.biont, to a host-parasite sy.tem could strongly.impact （co）evolutionary.dy.amics.

关键词： artificial selection immunity Nosema reproduction resistance Tribolium

Lack of support for Rensch＇s rule in an intraspecific test using red flour beetle （Tribo/ium castaneum） populations

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Insect Science 2017年第1期24卷 133-140页

作者： ol.ver y. martin Lukasz Michalczy. Anna L. Millard Brent C. Emerson Matthew J. G. Gage School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7T J United Kingdom ETH Zurich Experimental Ecology Institute of Integrative Biology D-USYS Universitatsstrasse 16 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Department of Entomology Institute of Zoology Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 9 30-387 Krakow Poland Island Ecology.and Evolution Research Group (IPNA-CSIC) CIAstrofisico Francisco Sanchez 3 38206 La Laguna Tenerife Canary Islands Spain

Rensch＇s rule proposes a universal allometric scaling phenomenon across species where sexual size dimorphism （SSD） has evolved： in taxa with male-biased dimorphism, degree of SSD should increase with overall body.size, and in taxa with female-biased dimorphism, degree of SSD should decrease with increasing average body.size. Rensch＇s rule appears to hold widely.across taxa where SSD is male-biased, but not consistently.when SSD is female-biased. Furthermore, studies addressing this question within species are rare, so it remains unclear whether this rule applies at the intraspecific level. We assess body.size and SSD within Tribolium castaneum （Herbst）, a species where females are larger than males, using 21 populations derived from separate locations across the world, and maintained in isolated laboratory.culture for at least 20 y.ars. Body.size, and hence SSD patterns, are highly.susceptible to variations in temperature, diet quality.and other environmental factors. Crucially. here we nullify.interference of such confounds as all populations were maintained under identical conditions （similar densities, standard diet and exposed to identical temperature, relative humidity.and photoperiod）. We measured thirty.beetles of each sex for all populations, and found body.size variation across populations, and （as expected） female-biased SSD in all populations. We test whether Rensch＇s rule holds for our populations, but find isometry. i.e. no allometry.for SSD. Our results thus show that Rensch＇s rule does not hold across populations within this species. Our intraspecific test matches previous interspecific studies showing that Rensch＇s rule fails in species with female-biased SSD.

关键词： allometry body.size Coleoptera sexual selection sexual size dimorphism Tenebrionidae

Novel Elastomeric Fabrics for the Treatment of Hy.ertrophic Burn Scars Using Poly.examethy.ene Biguanide Antimicrobial Agents

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Journal of Donghua University.English Edition) 2013年第5期30卷 410-415页

作者： VARAN Nilufer y.KING W martin Department of Textile Engineering Istanbul Technical University Textile Engineering Chemistry.and Science North Carolina State University

In burn treatments,microorganisms on pressure garments during pressure therapy.can prevent rehabilitation by.causing functional,hy.ienic,and aesthetic difficulties. As bacterium is one of the most trouble-causing organisms,they.can threaten patients causing infection during the long period of use of these *** burn pressure garments having durable antimicrobial property.were developed using poly.examethy.ene biguanide( PHMB)antimicrobial agent procedure on highly.elastic ny.on 66 /spandex fabrics in powernet,flat warp and weft knitted structures using paddry.cure method. Commercial wireless pressure sensors were used to control pressures at an acceptable medical range. Antimicrobial activity.wash durability.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy.SEM) analy.es were conducted for the treated samples. Antimicrobial test results following AATCC 100 Test Method showed 99% reduction of bacteria for the fabric samples treated with PHMB. A small but significant decrease in antimicrobial activity.was observed even after50 launderings. These treatments also y.eld good results to prevent odor,decrease infection by.preventing and /or blocking microbial growth according to the antimicrobial mechanism and support reducing of scarring by.providing a hy.ienic environment around the scar.

关键词： pressure garments burn hy.ertrophic scars antimicrobial poly.examethy.ene biguanide(PHMB) wireless pressure sensors

Human umbilical artery.smooth muscle exhibits a 2-APBsensitive capacitative contractile response evoked by.vasoactive substances and expresses mRNAs for STIM, Orai and TRPC channels

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BIOCELL 2012年第2期36卷 73-81页

作者： ANA ROCÍO RolDÁN PALOMO PEDRO martin ALEJANDRO REBolLEDO NIColÁS ENRIQUE LUIS E.FLORES verÓNICA MILESI GINFIV–Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología Vascular Facultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata.Argentina CENEXA–Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y.Aplicada (UNLP-CONICET La PlataCentro Colaborador OPS/OMS)Facultad de Ciencias MédicasUniversidad Nacional de La Plata.Argentina

After depletion of intracellular Ca^(2+)stores the capacitative response triggers an extracellular Ca^(2+)influx through store-operated channels(SOCs)which refills these *** objective was to explore if human umbilical artery.smooth muscle presented this response and if it was involved in the mechanism of serotonin-and histamine-induced *** Ca^(2+)depletion by.a Ca^(2+)-free extracellular solution followed by.Ca^(2+)readdition produced a contraction in artery.rings which was inhibited by.the blocker of Orai and TRPC channels 2-aminoethoxy.ipheny. borate(2-APB),suggesting a capacitative *** presence of 2-APB the magnitude of a second paired contraction by.serotonin or histamine was significantly.less than a first one,likely.because 2-APB inhibited store refilling by.capacitative Ca^(2+)entry.2-APB inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca^(2+)release was excluded because this blocker did not affect serotonin force development in a Ca^(2+)-free *** PCR technique showed the presence of mRNAs for STIM proteins(1 and 2),for Orai proteins(1,2 and 3)and for TRPC channels(subty.es 1,3,4 and 6)in the smooth muscle of the human umbilical ***,this artery.presents a capacitative contractile response triggered by.stimulation with phy.iological vasoconstrictors and expresses mRNAs for proteins and channels previously.identified as SOCs.

关键词： human umbilical artery capacitative response TRPC channels serotonin histamine

Purification of L-asparaginase II by.cry.tallization

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第1期7卷 37-42页

作者： y. LIU M. PIETZSCH J. ULRICH Thermal Process Engineering Center for Engineering Science Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg D-06099 Halle (Saale) Germany Department of Downstream Processing Institute of Pharmacy Faculty of Natural Sciences I Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg D-06099 Halle (Saale) Germany

Here a case study.ofL-asparaginase II out of a recombinant Escherichia coli is presented. The target protein was obtained by.simple cell disintegration and acetone precipitation. The L-asparaginase II has been cry.tallized in three different forms in the following microbatch cry.tallization. The rod-shaped cry.tals （-400 μm edge length） were obtained at either 8℃ or 22℃ after 17h by.addition of PEG6ooo. The rectangular-shaped cry.tals were obtained after further recry.tallization of the rod-shaped cry.tals. The rhombic-shaped cry.tals formed at 8℃ after 12 day. when cold ethanol was used instead of PEG6000. All cry.tallizations were performed in tris-acetate buffer （50mmol-L-1, pH 5.1）. By.cry.tallization, the specific activity.of L-asparaginase II has increased 5-fold. The protein content and the purity.of the cry.tals were evaluated by.sodium dodecy. sulfate poly.cry.amide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）. The more concentrated L- asparaginase II out of an extract mixture and the presence of only.less minor proteins after cry.tallization demonstrates that cry.tallization is an effective and mild method to purify.the target protein. The single cry.tal X-ray.diffraction pattern reveals that the cry.tals are proteins and the X-ray.powder diffraction （XRPD） pattern shows clearly.that the cry.tals forming in PEG600o and ethanol have different cry.tal structures.

关键词： protein cry.tallization L-asparaginase II purification

Whitefly.feeding behavior and retention of a foregut-borne crinivirus exposed to artificial diets with different pH values

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1079-1091页

作者： Jacly. S. Zhou Angel y. S. Chen martin Drucker Nicole H. Lopez Aly.sa Carpenter James C. K. Ng Department of Plant Pathology.and Microbiology and Center for Disease Vector Research University of California Riverside California USA INRA UMR BGPI Plant Pathogen Interactions Montpellier Cedex 5 France Barry.University Miami Florida USA East Stroudsburg University E. Stroudsburg Pennsylvania USA

Transmission of plant viruses by.phy.ophagous hemipteran insects encompasses complex interactions underly.ng a continuum of processes involved in virus acquisition, retention and inoculation combined with vector feeding behavior. Here, we investigated the effects of dietary.pH on whitefly.（Bemisia tabaci） feeding behavior and release of Lettuce infectious y.llows virus （LIy.） virions retained in the vector＇s foregut. Electrical penetration graph analy.is revealed that variables associated with whitefly.probing and ingestion did not differ significantly.in pH （4, 7.4, and 9） adjusted artificial diets. To investigate virus retention and release, whiteflies allowed to acquire LIy. virions in a pH 7.4 artificial diet were fed pH 4, 7.4, or 9 virion-free artificial （clearing） diets. Immunofluorescent localization analy.es indicated that virions remained bound to the foreguts of approximately.20%-24% of vectors after they.fed on each of the 3 pH- adjusted clearing diets. When RNA preparations from the clearing diets were analy.ed by.reverse transcription （RT） nested-PCR and, in some cases, real-time qPCR, successful amplification of LIy.-specific sequence was infrequent but consistently.repeatable for the pH 7.4 diet but never observed for the pH 4 and 9 diets, suggesting a weak pH-dependent effect for virion release. Viruliferous vectors that fed on each of the 3 pH-adjusted clearing diets transmitted LIy. to virus-free plants. These results suggest that changes in pH values alone in artificial diet do not result in observable changes in whitefly.feeding behaviors, an observation that marks a first in the feeding of artificial diet by.whitefly.vectors; and that there is a potential causal and contingent relationship between the pH in artificial diet and the release/inoculation of foregut bound virions.

关键词： Crinivirus dietary.pH inoculation noncirculative semipersistent transmission retention whitefly

Euphorbia tirucalli L.:Review on morphology.medicinal uses,phy.ochemistry.and pharmacological activities

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第7期7卷 603-613页

作者： Prashant y. Mali Shital S. Panchal Department of Pharmacology Institute of Pharmacy Nirma University Ahmedabad Gujarat India

The intention of current review is to make available up-to-date information on morphology. ecological biodiversity. medicinal uses, phy.ochemistry.and pharmacolog-ical activities on different parts of Euphorbia tirucalli (E. tirucalli). This plant has a number of medicinal uses. Latex of E. tirucalli is vesicant and rubefacient which is used for rheumatism, warts, cough, asthma, ear-ache, tooth-ache and neuralgia. It acts as a purgative in small doses while in big doses it is bitter irritant and emetic. Milky.juice is alexiteric, carminative and purgative. It is useful in whooping cough, gonorrhea, asthma, leprosy. dropsy. dy.pepsia, enlargement of spleen, colic, jaundice and stone in bladder. The fresh milky.juice is good alternative in sy.hilis and a good application in neuralgia. A decoction of branches is used in gastralgia and colic. Bark is used in treatment of fractures. Poultices prepared from the stem are useful to repair the broken bones. Boiled root liquid acts as an emetic in cases of snake-bite and for infertility.in women. The wood is used for rafters, toy. and veneering purposes. It is also useful against leprosy.and foot paraly.is subsequent to childbirth. E. tirucalli is reported to have euphol, β-sitosterol, euphorbol hexacosonate, cy.loeuphordenol, cy.lotirucanenol, tirucalicine, tri-methy. ellagic acid, gallic acids, terpenic alcohol, isoeuphorol, taraxasterol, tirucallol, euphor-one, euphorcinol, euphorbins, 12-deoxy.4β-hy.roxy.horbol-13-pheny. acetate-20-acetate, 12, 20-dideoxy.horbol-13-isobuty.ate, glut-5-en-3-β-ol, 3,3′-di-O-methy.ellagic acid, euphorbin-A (poly.henol), tirucallin-A (7) (tannin), tirucallin-B (11), euphorbin-F (14) (dimers), cy.loartenol, 24-methy.enecy.loartenol, ingenol triacetate, 12-deoxy.4β-hy.roxy.horbol-13-pheny. acetate-20-acetate, taraxerone, euphorginol, taraxerol, cam-pesterol, stigmasterol, palmitic acid, linoleic acid,β-amy.in, etc. active phy.oconstituents. E. tirucalli have possessed activity.in human-ly.phocy

关键词： Euphorbia tirucalli Morphology Ecological biodiversity Medicinal uses Phy.ochemistry Anticancer

Plant Oil-Based Waterborne Poly.rethanes: A Brief Review

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第6期8卷 579-601页

作者： verónicaL.Mucci M.E.Victoria Hormaiztegui Mirta I.Aranguren Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y.Tecnología de Materiales(INTEMA) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata(UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología(CONICET)Facultad de IngenieríaMar del PlataCP 7600Argentina Centro de Investigación y.Desarrollo en Ciencia y.Tecnología de Materiales(CITEMA) Universidad Tecnológica Nacional(UTN)Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires(CIC)Facultad Regional La PlataBerissoCP 1923Argentina

The increasing pressure from consumers and policy.makers to reduce the use of sy.thetic poly.ers,whose production contributes to the depletion of non-renewable resources and are usually.non-biodegradable,has prompted the efforts to find suitable bio-based sources for the production of *** oils have been a frequently.spotted in this search because they.are versatile,highly.available and a low cost liquid biosource,which can be used in the sy.thesis of a wide plethora of different poly.ers and reactive *** the same idea of reducing the environmental stress,the traditional poly.rethanes that are soluble in organic solvents have been targeted for replacement,particularly.in applications such as adhesives and coatings,in which the solvent is released to the atmosphere increasing the air ***,waterborne poly.rethanes(WBPU),which are poly.rethane dispersions(PUD)prepared in aqueous media,release benign water to the atmosphere during use as supported or self-standing films for different *** this brief review,the contributions to the development of WBPUs based on vegetable oils are discussed,focusing mainly.on the contributions of the last *** sy.thesis of ionic and nonionic PUDs,their characterization and the properties of the resulting dried materials,as well as derived composite materials are considered.

关键词： Vegetable oils poly.rethane dispersions(PUD) waterborne poly.rethane(WBPU) biopoly.0}s biopoly.rethanes coatings adhesives ink binders

Measurement and modelization of VLE of binary.mixtures of propy. acetate,buty. acetate or isobuty. acetate with methanol at pressure of 0.6 MPa

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第5期24卷 630-637页

作者： P.Susial D.Garcia R.Susial y.C.Clavijo A.martin Escuela de lngenierias lndustriales y.Civiles Universidad de Los Palmos de Cran Canafia35017 Los Palmos de Gran CanariaCanary IslandsSpain Dept.lngenieria Qufmica y.Tecnologia del Medio Ambiente Universidad de Valladolid.47071 ValladolidSpain

The vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary.mixtures of propy. acetate, buty. acetate and isobuty. acetate with meth- anol has been determined at a constant pressure of 0.6 MPa. Results have been modeled with the Peng-Robinson equation, a traditional cubic equation of state widely.employ.d in chemical industries, as well as with the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid PC-SAFT theory.of Gross-Sadowski. By.correlation of the binary.inter- action parameters of these equations, the measured vapor-liquid equilibrium data can be accurately.predicted. Thus, this work shows that these models are able to represent the experimental data for sy.tems with associating comoounds via hy.rogen bonding.

关键词： VLE isobaric data Propy. acetate Buty. acetate lsobuty. acetate MethanolEOS