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Up-regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain of albino wistar rats following sub-acute administration of Synclisia scabrida root extract

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TMR Integrative Medicine 2022年第30期6卷 1-7页

作者： Emmanuel Uchechukwu Modo Ijeoma Nina Eke Utibe Evans Bassey Anthony Chibuzor Nnamudi Ekam Ime Akpakpan okon effiom etim Iheanyichukwu Wopara Prosper Great Legborsi Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesPAMO University of Medical SciencesPort HarcourtRivers StateNigeria Department of Biochemistry Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Port HarcourtPort HarcourtRivers StateNigeria

Objective: Synclisia scabrida is a medicinal plant used over the years for the treatment ofseveral medical conditions yet there is paucity of information on its systemic and organspecific toxicity. Consequently, sub-acute neurotoxicity of root extract of Synclisia scabridawas evaluated in albino Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty male albino rats with average weightof 140g were randomized into 5 groups consisting of 6 rats in each group. Group 1 was thecontrol while 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the root extract wereadministered to Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively for 28 days. Malondialdehyde,glutathione, nitric oxide, protein, tumour necrosis factor-α, acetylcholine, catalase andacetylcholinesterase levels were measured in brain homogenates. Body weight of theanimals and histology of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were evaluated. Results:Root extract of Synclisia scabrida was observed to increase malondialdehyde concentrationand decrease antioxidants biomarkers when compared with the control. Significantly(p<0.05) increased TNF-α concentration and acetylcholinesterase activity caused by theextract when compared with the control was observed. The concentration of acetylcholinesignificantly decreased in Synclisia scabrida treated groups in comparison with the control.The histomorphology of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex revealed pyknotic pyramidalneurons in Synclisia scabrida treated rat relative to the control with normal pyramidalneurons. The body weight of the extract treated groups were significantly decreased whencompared to the control Group. Conclusion: The study has demonstrated that the rootextract of Synclisia scabrida induces and up-regulates oxidative stress and inflammation inthe brain of male albino Wistar rat coupled with reduced acetylcholine concentration hencethe extract possesses neurotoxic potentials.

关键词： Synclisia scabrida oxidative stress antioxidant inflammation neurotoxicity

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Computed Tomography Assessment of Cephalic Index and Sella Turcica Dimensions and Morphology in a Nigerian Population

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2023年第2期9卷 112-119页

作者： Hyacienth Uche Chiegwu okon etim Bassey Christopher Chukwuemeka Ohagwu Thomas Adejoh Daniel Dirioha Odunko Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaAnambra StateNigeria Department of Radiography and Radiation Sciences Federal University of TechnologyOwerriImo StateNigeria Radiology Department Federal Medical CentreYenagoaBeyelsa StateNigeria

Cephalic index(CI)is the percentage of biparietal diameter to the occipitofrontal diameter of the skull and can be used in forensic investigations in cases of disputed identity where only fragments of the head/skull are available.The sella turcica houses the pituitary gland whose hormones regulate the functions of many other glands and systems of the body.Abnormal sizes of sella turcica could indicate sella/pituitary pathology with health implications.This study aimed to assess CI,head shapes and sella turcica dimensions and morphology of the Yoruba tribe of Nigeria.The objectives are:to relate CI and head shapes with sella turcica dimensions and morphology,to use CI and head shape to identify and distinguish the Yoruba tribe from other tribes,to use CI and head shape to distinguish between genders.Skull/head and sella turcica dimensions were measured on 321 retrospectively enlisted normal cranial Computed Tomography(CT)images of Yoruba subjects,mean age 55(SD±17)years,in a Tertiary Hospital in South-West Nigeria between January 2020 and April 2021,and then CI calculated.Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS 27(IBM Corp.Armonk,NY,USA,2019).Predominant head shape of the studied group was dolichocephalic.Mean CI was 70.0±3.7 and showed no statistically significant difference between gender(P=0.097).Mean sella length,depth;and anteroposterior diameter was 1.22±0.24 cm,0.80±0.15 cm,1.34±0.25 cm respectively.Mean sella length and depth showed significant difference between gender(P=0.0001;P=0.032)respectively.Head shape has no association with sella dimensions and morphology.Head shape and CI may stratify populations in forensic practice and surgical planning.

关键词： Cephalic index Computed Tomography Head shape Sella turcica dimensions and morphology Yoruba tribe of Nigeria

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Improved Smartphone Application for Remote Access by Network Administrators

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Journal of Information Security 2019年第4期10卷 250-262页

作者： Ekwonwune Emmanuel Nwabueze etim Emmanuel okon Department of Computer Science Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Computer Science Abia State Polytechnic Aba Nigeria.

This research attempts the implementation of an improved smartphone application for remote system administration. The work was motivated by the inability of network administrators to access their virtual servers from a remote location without worrying about the security implications, inaccurate and unreliable reports from a third party whenever he is out of town. The cloud server can be monitored and administered because various task such as creating users, manage users (grant access, block or delete users), restart server and shutdown server can be handled by the remote system administrator. This will involve of securing the system with a one-way hashing of encrypted password and a device ID for only whitelisted devices to be granted access. It will be observed that remote access for system administration can be implemented using a smartphone app based on a Point-to-Point Protocol and also reveal the advantages of PPP protocol, therefore making the enormous responsibilities of a remote system administrator much easier to accomplish.

关键词： Remote Network Administrator Smartphone App Remote Access

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Risk Identification and Assessment of Rural Road Construction Projects in Nigeria

Risk Identification and Assessment of Rural Road Constructio...

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作者： etim okon Iniekung 山东大学

学位级别：硕士

This study aims primarily to investigate the risk analysis and assessment of rural road construction projects in Nigeria using Analytic Hierarchical Process（AHP）.Primary sources of data collection was used for the study.The research among others made the following findings:amongst the identified risks,financial and economic,political and environment,and job-site related risks were highly ranked.Also amongst the physical risk sub-criteria,theft,labour injuries and flood/surge risks were ranked high.In the financial and economic risk sub-criteria,corruption and financial fraud,delay in supply of funds and financial default of sub-contractors were ranked high.In the political and environment risks sub-criteria,pollution and safety rule,requirement for permit and their approval and the government lack of political will were ranked high.In the design risk sub-criteria,inadequate specifications,design changes and defective design were ranked high.In the job-site related risks sub-criteria,equipment failure,labour dispute and strike,and labour productivity were ranked high.However,in the mitigation strategy category,risk reduction,risk transfer,and risk avoidance were ranked high.Also in the risk reduction sub-criteria,"Government to show adequate commitment to Project","Funds should be released in advance of construction and ensure all tiers of governments are well consulted."Consequently,the study from its findings made the following recommendations:All managers of rural road construction projects should ensure that an integrated framework of risk management is deployed for the effective risk identification,analysis and developing responses and for proper provision of analytical framework in a group decision-making framework.The construction industry should be ready to adopt best practices in project management methods and techniques.There is need for improved risk management education and training that could influence practice.This could be attained through adequate training of professionals at both the business and

关键词： Road Construction Projects Risk Identification Assessment Nigeria

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Anti-spermatogenic Effects of Ethanol Extract of Mucuna Urens

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2009年第3期20卷 161-168页

作者： Hannah Edim Etta Udoh Paul Bassey Eneobong effiom Eneobong okon Bassey okon Biological Science Department Cross River University of Technology Environmental Biology and Zoology Department University of Calabar Genetics and Biotechnology Department University of Calabar Animal Science Department Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of Calabar

Objective To investigate the age-long claim by the locales that the food thickener, M. urens seed, has antispermatogenic, hence, antifertility effects in man. Methods Eight-week old male Albino rats were used as the mammalian model for this study. They were assigned to four groups of 6 rats each and treatment with the ethanol extract was for a period of 14 d. The treatment regimes were 70 mg/kg, 140 mg/kg, 210 mg/kg and 0 mg/kg BW in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. Extracts were prepared by Soxhlet extraction using 80% ethanol as the extracting solvent. The stock solution was prepared by dissolving 1 g of the paste extract in 10 ml corn oil （vehicle） to make up 100 mg/ml concentration. At the end of the treatment, sperm from the distal caudal epididymis was collected and analyzed for sperm count, sperm motility and sperm morphology. Results Significant reduction was observed in sperm count and sperm motility （P〈0.05）. The mean sperm count for group A was 6.27±0.02×10^6, for group B was 6.16±0.02×10^6 and group C had 6.0±0.0×10^6 sperm cells The control （group D） had a mean sperm count of 6.50±0.09×10^6 which was higher than that of any treated group. Results of the sperm motility test gave the following mean rates for motile sperm cells after treatment： group A, 57.6±% 2.1; group B, 50.0±4.0; group C, 45.0±4.0. The control had the highest mean motility rate of 72.3±2.1. The observed sperm abnormalities included unusual head with large acrosome, looped tailpiece, mid piece with distal droplet, pin head, pyriform head and long hook.Conclusion The anti-spermatogenic effects of the extract on the sperm in the Albino rat may lead to reduction of fertility.

关键词： Mucuna urens anti-spermatogenic sperm count sperm motility sperm morphology

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The Influence of Gas Flare Particulates and Rainfall on the Corrosion of Galvanized Steel Roofs in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第10期2卷 1341-1346页

作者： Ajah Ekpeni Obia Hanson Effiong okon Samuel Aji Ekum Eyo effiom Eyo-Ita Ekpang Ajah Ekpeni 不详

An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of air-borne particulates exuded from gas flare chambers and rainfall/rain water pH in the rusting of metallic building materials, particularly the galvanized iron roofing sheets, in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Gas flaring and rain fall in this region are rated to be amongst the highest in the world. In this experiment, specimens of the metal (galvanized iron) were exposed in the atmosphere for one year, across four sites within the region. The monthly readings of concentrations of particulate matter (aerosol) and rainfall at the sites were recorded. Equally, the average pH values of the collected rainwater were determined and recorded correspondingly. Multiple linear regression, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistical analyses were performed on the obtained data and the outcome indicated that, with an R2 = 0.678, there was significant influence of industrial aerosol concentration, precipitation and pH on the degradation of galvanized iron roofing material in the region. It was also established that their individual influences were less than their joint impact, suggesting synergism. The ANOVA test further indicated that corrosion was severe in the industrial sites of Ibeno and Ebocha while Ekuri (the control station) recorded the least impact. This study recommends a discontinuation of gas flaring in the region while research on environmentally resilient, relatively cheap and sustainable alternative materials should be encouraged.

关键词： Galvanized Iron Gas Flares Mass Loss Pollutants Rainfall

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Prevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Infection among Internally Displaced Persons from Bakassi Peninsular and etim Ekpo in South Southern, Nigeria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第9期7卷 28-37页

作者： Etanguno Effiong Owowo Mary Anthony Christopher Iquo Effiong okon Ukponobong Effiong Antia Veronica Umoh Department of Microbiology Akwa Ibom State University Mkpat-Enin Nigeria Health Initiative for Stability & Safety in Africa (HIFASS) Uyo Nigeria

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), is an important global infection with a worldwide prevalence of about 40 percent. This infection is contagious and mostly acquired during childhood through the fecal-oral and oral-oral route. A total of 1560 blood specimens were aseptically collected from Internally Displaced Persons comprising female and male from the warring communities of Bakassi Peninsular and etim Ekpo Local Government Area in South Southern, Nigeria. The specimens were screened for H. pylori using Elisa kits following standard serological techniques. The overall prevalence rate was 464 (29.7%). There was significant difference (p H. pylori infection;its distribution varied between age group, educational status, habits or behaviors of the subjects with children within 5 to 14 years having the highest rate of 274 (17.6%), followed by 78 (4.99%) from adults (51 years and above) and 17 (1.08%) from active age range of 36 - 45 years old. Subjects with primary and quranic level of education showed a total of 274 (17.56%) positive cases to H. pylori. Analysis of sex-specific distribution revealed that females had the highest prevalence of 312 (20%). The helicobacter infection shows a significant difference at (p H. pylori infection. Crowding in camps and increasing household contact have been considered as risk factors of H. pylori infection. Adequate infrastructural provision and availability of portable water with good hygienic environment will drastically reduce the high rate spread of H. pylori bacterium in the IDPs communities in Nigeria.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Internally Displaced Persons Camp

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