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Ebola Response in Liberia;Field Experiences, Challenges and Lessons Learnt during the Response, 2014-2015

Open Journal of Epidemiology 2016年第1期6卷 88-94页

作者： Mutaawe Lubogo Donewell Bangure Justin Maeda Sasita Shabani Theophile C. Malibiche Herilinda Temba Lucas Godbless Naod Bruhan oketta julius Uganda Field Epidemiology Programme Kampala Uganda Zimbabwe Field Epidemiology Programme Harare Zimbabwe Tanzania Field Epidemiology Programme Dar es Salam Tanzania Ethiopia Field Epidemiology Programme Addis Ababa Ethiopia ASEOWA Head of Mission Kampala Uganda

The 2014-2015 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreaks which began in Guinea and later spread to Liberia, Sierra Leona and other countries have been responsible for a number of infections and deaths among the communities including health workers. The natural host of the EVD virus has not been identified even when scientific evidence points to bats as the natural reservoirs to similar strains of EVD virus. EVD male survivors have also been identified as a potential source of infection among the populations. Some of the reasons attributed to this rapid spread of EVD to other countries have been weak early warning systems to identify and notify health authorities of such diseases of high epidemic potential. Liberia has been one of the countries to be declared EVD free on two different occasions in 2015 each with a different epicenter. Despite a number of international organizations coming together to support control efforts in Liberia, the coordination of response activities by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare and replicated at all levels of the surveillance systems was the key in suppressing the outbreak. Adoption of the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) guidelines as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO/AFRO) was a positive step towards the structuring of response activities. Capacity building of health workers in infection control and prevention and surveillance was important to improve skills of health workers to triage EVD cases as recommended by WHO. Training community health volunteers in contact tracing and active case search was important in strengthening the Early Warning Disease surveillance system. Decentralization of response activities in addition to establishing Ebola Treatment units and Community Care Centers in all counties was vital in containing the spread of infection. Even when EVD was associated to high levels of stigma, community and individual counseling sessions led by community leaders enabled building community

关键词： Ebola Liberia Field Experiences Challenges

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Effect of frailty as measured by functional impairment on long-term outcomes in liver transplantation in the United States

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World Journal of Transplantation 2025年第2期15卷 205-217页

作者： julius Balogh Talha Mubashir Yuan Li Biai D Digbeu Nikita Hegde Fatemeh Movaghari Pour Mohsen Rezapour Hong-Yin Lai Kelly West Rabail A Chaudhry George W Williams Vahed Maroufy Department of CV Anesthesia CHI St.Vincent InfirmaryLittle RockAR 72205United States Department of Biostatistics and Data Science The University of Texas Health Center at Houston School of Public HealthHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States Department of Comprehensive Dentistry UT Health San Antonio School of DentistrySan AntonioTX 78229United States Vertex Pharmaceuticals BostonMA 02210United States Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain MedicineThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical SchoolHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine University of Arizona College of Medicine-TucsonTucsonAZ 85724United States

BACKGROUND In patients with chronic liver disease or hepatic dysfunction with sarcopenia,there is an increased risk of frailty as measured by functional impairment,making frailty a vital predictor of post-transplant *** To investigate the effects of frailty on mortality after liver *** A retrospective review of post-transplant outcomes in liver transplant recipients assessed frailty using Karnofsky Performance *** from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database for 37427 liver transplant recipients was *** Of 82.7%frail patients,42.7%were severely frail and 40%were moderately frail(P<0.001)at the time of *** with non-frail patients,post-transplant mortality in frail patients was significantly higher at 12 months[odds ratio(OR)=1.94,P=0.02].Secondary analysis of the data revealed that liver grafts from donation after circulatory death(DCD)were more likely to be associated with frail patients at transplant(OR=1.86,P<0.001).Furthermore,a donor history of hypertension was associated with a lower likelihood of frailty in the recipient at the time of transplant(OR=0.65,P=0.03).CONCLUSION Recipient frailty is associated with increased mortality at 12 months following liver transplantation,and liver transplants from donors with DCD are associated with increased frailty of the liver transplant recipient.

关键词： Non-alcoholic steatotic liver disease Alcohol-associated liver disease Liver transplantation Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Insulin resistance Oxidative stress

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Monitoring spatiotemporal soil moisture changes in the subsurface of forest sites using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第5期33卷 1649-1662页

作者： Julian Fäth julius Kunz Christof Kneisel Institute of Geography and Geology University of WürzburgAm Hubland97074 WürzburgGermany

The effects of drought on tree mortality at forest stands are not completely understood. For assessing their water supply, knowledge of the small-scale distribution of soil moisture as well as its temporal changes is a key issue in an era of climate change. However, traditional methods like taking soil samples or installing data loggers solely collect parameters of a single point or of a small soil volume. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a suitable method for monitoring soil moisture changes and has rarely been used in forests. This method was applied at two forest sites in Bavaria, Germany to obtain high-resolution data of temporal soil moisture variations. Geoelectrical measurements (2D and 3D) were conducted at both sites over several years (2015-2018/2020) and compared with soil moisture data (matric potential or volumetric water content) for the monitoring plots. The greatest variations in resistivity values that highly correlate with soil moisture data were found in the main rooting zone. Using the ERT data, temporal trends could be tracked in several dimensions, such as the interannual increase in the depth of influence from drought events and their duration, as well as rising resistivity values going along with decreasing soil moisture. The results reveal that resistivity changes are a good proxy for seasonal and interannual soil moisture variations. Therefore, 2D- and 3D-ERT are recommended as comparatively non-laborious methods for small-spatial scale monitoring of soil moisture changes in the main rooting zone and the underlying subsurface of forested sites. Higher spatial and temporal resolution allows a better understanding of the water supply for trees, especially in times of drought.

关键词： Geoelectrical monitoring Forest ecology Hydrology Soil water content

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An evaluation of digital elevation modeling in GIS and Cartography

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2014年第2期17卷 139-144页

作者： Bola AYENI Kayode julius SAMUEL Department of Geography University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Geography&Resource Management Osun State UniversityOkukuNigeria

This study considers seven commonly used surface fitting methods within Golden Software and ArcGIS^(TM) *** grid sizes of 68 rows by 100 columns(6800 grids)and 680 rows by 1000 columns(680,000 grids)and 294,208 elevation points covering the entire landmass of Nigeria,the study evaluates the performance of these methods in terms of execution time and faithfulness in the representation of the spatial *** show marked differences in time taken to execute the fitting and that Inverse Distance,the Natural Neighbor,the Nearest Neighbor,and Triangulation with Linear Interpolation seem to give the highest level of correspondence or faithfulness.

关键词： image surface fitting digital elevation modelling GIS cartography

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Inter-cluster Voltage Balancing Control of Modular Multilevel Cascaded Converter Under Unbalanced Grid Voltage

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第2期10卷 515-523页

作者： Oghenewvogaga Oghorada Li Zhang Ayodele Esan Dickson Egbune julius Uwagboe the Department of Electrical&Information Engineering Landmark UniversityOmu-AranKwara StateNigeria University of Leeds LeedsUnited Kingdom

This paper presents a novel inter-cluster direct current(DC)capacitor voltage balancing control scheme for the single-star configured modular multilevel cascaded converter(MMCC)-based static synchronous compensator(STATCOM)under unbalanced grid *** negative-sequence component of grid voltage at the point of common connection(PCC)causes unbalanced active power flow in the phase limbs of *** leads to the imbalance of DC voltages of the sub-module capacitors across the MMCC phases,and consequently,the malfunction of *** proposed solution is to inject both negative-sequence current(NSC)and zero-sequence voltage(ZSV)into the phase limbs of MMCC.A quantification factor Qf is used to achieve the sharing of inter-cluster active pow-er between the NSC and ZSV injection *** determination of the quantification factor has been *** addition to maintaining the DC voltages of sub-module capacitor across the MMCC phases balanced,it also prevents the overcurrent and overvoltage of converter by injecting NSC and ZSV with the right *** control scheme is validated on a 3.54 kV 1.2 MVA power system using MMCC-based STATCOM with 3-level bridge cells as *** results show that the proposed scheme provides superior effectiveness in eliminating the voltage imbalance of DC capacitor in the phase limb while maintaining low voltage and current ratings.

关键词： Low-voltage ride through(LVRT) single-star bridge converter(SSBC) static synchronous compensator(STATCOM) modular multilevel cascaded converter(MMCC) quantification factor

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Integrated environmental education for sustainable forest management: the case of Nandi Hills Forests, Kenya

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Forestry Studies in China 2013年第2期15卷 152-159页

作者： julius Gordon TANUI Department of Educational Management of Policy Studies School of Education Moi University Eldoret Kenya

Environmental education （EE） is a vital dimension of modern day acumen that portends a great promise in solving the myriad environmental resource management challenges at global, regional and local levels. A study was carried out in 18 locations in the Nandi North, Nandi South and Nandi Hills districts of Kenya, which cover the Nandi Hills and Nandi Forests in Nandi County, major water catchments for Lake Victoria. A mixed methodological approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data obtained from focus group discussions, key informant interviews, household survey and observations was embraced in data collection and analysis. The study reveals that there are several strategies that have been adopted by the local population and institutions involved in the management of the Nandi Hills Forests （NHFs） and that these strategies have contributed to an improvement in the perceptions of the local population in terms of the importance of environmental management of the forests. This paper highlights EE as a vehicle for ensur- ing a sustainable management of the Nandi Hills Forests. As such, it illuminates the great potential that lies in sustainably managing the NHFs by integrating formal and informal EE approaches. It further points out the functional gaps in the management of NHFs and proposes best-practices that could be adopted and/or domesticated in NHFs management regimes.

关键词： environmental education sustainable forest management forest ecosystems indigenous knowledge

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Numerical Study on Dry Deposition Processes in Canopy Layer

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1992年第4期9卷 491-500页

作者：雷孝恩 julius S.Chang Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academia Sinica Beijing ASRC State University of New York Albany N.Y. 12205 U.S.A. coupling model between the canopy layer(CL) and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) for the study of dry deposition velocity is developed. The model consists of six parts: chemical species conservation equation including absorptive factor the species uptake action including detailed vertical variation of absorptive element in CL momentum exchange in CL which is represented by a first-order closure momentum equation with an additional larger-scale diffusive term momentum exchange in ABL which is described by a complete set of the ABL turbulent statistic parameters absorptivity (or solubility or reflection) at the surface including effects of the physical and chemical characters of the species land type seasonal and diurnal variations of the meteorological variables and deposition velocity derived by distributions of the species with height in CL. Variational rules of the concentration and deposition velocity with both height and time are simulated with the model for both corn and forest canopies. Results predicted with the bulk deposition velocity derived in the paper consist well with experimental data.

A coupling model between the canopy layer(CL) and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) for the study of dry deposition velocity is developed. The model consists of six parts: chemical species conservation equation including absorptive factor; the species uptake action including detailed vertical variation of absorptive element in CL; momentum exchange in CL which is represented by a first-order closure momentum equation with an additional larger-scale diffusive term; momentum exchange in ABL which is described by a complete set of the ABL turbulent statistic parameters; absorptivity (or solubility or reflection) at the surface including effects of the physical and chemical characters of the species, land type, seasonal and diurnal variations of the meteorological variables; and deposition velocity derived by distributions of the species with height in CL. Variational rules of the concentration and deposition velocity with both height and time are simulated with the model for both corn and forest canopies. Results predicted with the bulk deposition velocity derived in the paper consist well with experimental data.

关键词： Numerical Study on Dry Deposition Processes in Canopy Layer

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Effect of Co on Microstructure Transformation and Refinement Mechanism of Undercooled Cu-Ni Alloy

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2023年第4期38卷 877-884页

作者： Willey Liew Yun Hsien 安洪恩 Nancy julius Siambun Bih-Lii Chuab Faculty of Engineering University Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu88400Malaysia College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Huanghe Jiaotong UniversityJiaozuo454950China Henan Engineering Technology Research Center on Intelligent Manufacturing Technology and Equipment Jiaozuo454950China

Both Cu60Ni38Co2 and Cu60Ni40 alloy were naturally cooled after rapid solidification from the liquid *** transformation law of the microstructure characteristics of the rapidly solidified alloy with the change of undercooling(DT)was systematically *** was found that the two alloys experienced the same transformation *** refinement structures under different undercoolings were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The experimental results show that the characteristics of the refinement structure of the two alloys with low undercooling are the same,whereas,the characteristics of the refinement structure with high undercooling are *** transmission electron microscope(TEM)results of Cu60Ni38Co2 alloy show that the dislocation network density of low undercooled microstructure is lower than that of high undercooled *** combining EBSD and TEM,it can be confirmed that the dendrite remelting fracture is the reason for the refinement of the low undercooled structure,while the high undercooled structure is refined due to recrystallization.

关键词： rapid solidification undercooling microstructure refinement structure

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On the nonclassical dynamics of cavity-assisted four-channel nonlinear coupler

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第11期27卷 498-505页

作者： Rafael julius Abdel-Baset M A Ibrahim Pankaj Kumar Choudhury Hichem Eleuch Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Perak Tapah Campus Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Department of Applied Sciences and Mathematics College of Arts and Sciences Abu Dhabi University Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station

The non-classical properties of light propagating in four-channel Kerr waveguides, confined in an optical cavity, are studied. The solution to the Hamiltonian of field operators is obtained semi-analytically by using symmetrically ordered phase-space representation. Full quantum analysis of the input coherent fields displays a strong transition of photon property between the super-Poissonian and sub-Poissonian statistics. It is found that the cavity-assisted multichannel system exhibits enhanced squeezing both in single-and compound-mode. This multichannel system may be utilized as an efficient quantumlight generator.

关键词： squeezed states Kerr effects Langevin equation

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Improved dark ambient degradation of organic pollutants by cerium strontium cobalt perovskite

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第4期32卷 110-118页

作者： Huihuang Chen julius Motuzas Wayde Martens Joao C.Diniz da Costa The University of Queensland FIM^2 Lab-Functional Interfacial Materials and Membranes LaboratorySchool of Chemical EngineeringBrisbaneQld 4072Australia Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of ChinaAnhui 230026China Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQld 4000Australia LAQV-REQUIMTE (Bio)Chemical Process EngineeringDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversidade NOVA de LisboaCaparica 2829-516Portugal

This work investigates the effect of cerium substation into strontium cobalt perovskites(CeSrCoO)for the oxidative degradation of OrangeⅡ(OII)in dark ambient conditions without the aid of any external stimulants such as light,heating or chemical *** OII degradation rate by CeSrCoO reached 65%in the first hour,whilst for the blank sample without cerium(SrCoO)took over 2 hr to reach the same level of OII ***,the cerium substitution improved the catalytic activity of the perovskite material,mainly associated with the Ce0.1Sr0.9CoO3 perovskite *** contacting CeSrCoO,the-N=Nazo bonds of the OII molecules broke down resulting in electron donation and the formation of *** electrons are injected into the CeSrCoO and resulted in a redox pair of Co3+/Co2+,establishing a bridge for the electron transfer between OII and the ***,the electrons also formed reactive species(·OH)responsible for OII degradation as evidenced by radical trapping *** species were formed via the reaction between 02 and donated electrons from OII with the aid of cobalt redox *** the prepared materials dispensed with the need for light irradiation and additional oxidants,it opens a window of environmental applications for treating contaminated wastewaters.

关键词： Dark catalysis Acid orange degradation Cerium substituted perovskite Catalytic activity

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