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Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C among Inmates of Port Harcourt Maximum Security Custodial Centre

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第2期13卷 159-182页

作者： Barynem Vito-Peter Gift Mibilanyeofori Hart Aisha Dio Victory Chidinma Nwogu Nancy Obutor Ideozu Ozioma Chiagoziem Okoro okadini collins albert Abigail Chisa Mike-Ogburia Priscilla Adonike Ogbakiri Chiziyara Orluibna Obunwo Moore Ikechi Mike-Ogburia Department of Medical Laboratory Science Rivers State University Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria Port Harcourt Maximum Security Custodial Centre Rivers State Command Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Basic and Applied Biological Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria Kariden Specialist Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Health Services Rivers State University Port Harcourt Nigeria

Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) are significant global public health burdens associated with liver cirrhosis, liver cancer and are responsible for over a million deaths yearly. Prisons and other confined facilities offer opportunities for the acquisition and transmission of infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and C during and after imprisonment. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C as well as their associated risk factors among inmates in the Port Harcourt Maximum Security Custodial Centre. A cross-sectional study was conducted among inmates incarcerated in the Port Harcourt Maximum Security Custodial Centre from July to December 2022, and 200 consenting subjects completed a structured questionnaire in addition to screening for the presence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies. Data generated from this study was represented as frequency and percentages, and inferential statistics were carried out using chi-square with the aid of GraphPad Prism Software Version 9. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value of less than 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval. The seroprevalence of HBV was 4% while 3.5% was recorded for HCV with no cases of co-infections reported. HBV seroprevalence was significantly associated with blood oath and a history of surgery (p p < 0.05). The findings from the current study highlight a relatively lower prevalence of HBV and HCV amongst inmates in Port Harcourt in comparison to studies in Nigeria. These infections can be further controlled by multifaceted approaches by the prison personnel, administration, and Government by employing combative measures such as regular screening, easy access to therapy, awareness, and vaccination programs for HBV are crucial to prevent the transmission of these diseases.

关键词： Hepatitis B Hepatitis C HBV HbsAg HCV Prevalence Risk Factors Prison Inmates

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Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of COVID-19 in an Incarcerated Population Burdened with HIV Infections in Port Harcourt

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World Journal of AIDS 2023年第2期13卷 28-46页

作者： Moore Ikechi Mike-Ogburia Aisha Dio Victory Chidinma Nwogu Barynem Vito-Peter Gift Mibilanyeofori Hart Nancy Obutor Ideozu okadini collins albert Minichim Nnah Mike-Ogburia Chiziyara Orluibna Obunwo Ozioma Chiagoziem Okoro Priscilla Adonike Ogbakiri Patmos Obu Angala Ugonma Kendra Jumbo Abigail Chisa Mike-Ogburia Department of Medical Laboratory Science Rivers State University Port Harcourt Nigeria Port Harcourt Maximum Security Custodial Centre Rivers State Command Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Medicine and Surgery Rivers State University Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Health Services Rivers State University Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria Kariden Specialist Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Science Laboratory Technology Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science Abia State University Uturu Nigeria Department of Basic and Applied Biological Sciences Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria

Background: The burden of COVID-19 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are some of the major and persistent global health challenges of the twenty-first century. HIV and COVID-19 are expected to overlap in high HIV-burden countries, posing several public health challenges as a result. Prisons are overcrowded, have limited space for social distancing and have inadequate ventilation systems, making it difficult to contain the spread of COVID-19 in addition to the high-risk behaviours of inmates which contribute to the spread of HIV within these facilities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 among inmates in a prison facility with a relatively high HIV burden in Port Harcourt, Nigeria;investigating potential risk factors and co-infection with HIV. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design sampling 200 inmates from the Port Harcourt Maximum Security Custodial Centre from July to December 2022. A well-structured questionnaire was administered via interviews in addition to screening for HIV-1/2 antibodies as well as COVID-19 antigens using rapid diagnostic test kits. Descriptive statistics and chi-square were carried out on the GraphPad Prism 9 software with statistical significance defined as a p-value of less than 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval. Result: The prevalence of HIV from the current study was 6.5%, COVID-19 prevalence was reported to be 12.5% while HIV/COVID-19 co-infection was 1.5% The duration of incarceration, face mask use, frequent visitations and vaccination against COVID-19 were found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of COVID-19 in the studied population (p Conclusion: The current study reports a relatively high prevalence of HIV and COVID-19 among the inmates in the study area. It becomes expedient for the administrators of the correctional facility to properly screen new inmates for COVID-19, quarantine and manage cases, as well as provide them with personal protective equip

关键词： HIV SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Prevalence Incarceration Prison Risk Factors

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Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C among Inmates of Port Harcourt Maximum Security Custodial Centre

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Advances in Infectious Diseases（传染病进展） 2023年第2期

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Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of COVID-19 in an Incarcerated Population Burdened with HIV Infections in Port Harcourt

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World Journal of AIDS（艾滋病） 2023年第2期

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Parentage testing anomalies in Hong Kong SAR of China

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2003年第5期 66-69页

作者： Richard A collins,Wing See Wu,Lok-Ting Lau ,albert CH Yu Hong Kong DNA Chips Limited 1805-6 18/F Lu Plaza 2 Wing Yip Street Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China Hong Kong DNA Chips Limited 1805-6 18/F Lu Plaza 2 Wing Yip Street Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China Hong Kong DNA Chips Limited 1805-6 18/F Lu Plaza 2 Wing Yip Street Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China Hong Kong DNA Chips Limited 1805-6 18/F Lu Plaza 2 Wing Yip Street Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China

Objective To determine if there are any differences in the number of exclusions from paternity of men using an anonymous parentage testing service compared with that of men using an in-person parentage testing service provided by the same company in Hong Kong SAR of China. Methods Comparable numbers of consecutive anonymous and in-person parentage tests conducted by the same company were analyzed. Results Men using an anonymous parentage testing service were excluded from paternity at a significantly greater rate (P<0.001), compared with men using an in-person parentage test service. Conclusions The results obtained from anonymous parentage testing indicate that the number of families containing children of doubtful parentage is much greater than expected previously. As illegitimate children are known to suffer greater degrees of abuse and neglect, this finding poses serious social questions regarding the welfare of families, which the relevant authorities should acknowledge and address.

关键词： parentage testing · short tandem repeat · combined probability index · polymerase chain reaction

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Effect of airplane transport of donor livers on post-liver transplantation survival

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第41期22卷 9154-9161页

作者： Yi Huang Gerry MacQuillan Leon A Adams George Garas Megan collins albert Nwaba Linjun Mou Max K Bulsara Luc Delriviere Gary P Jeffrey School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western Australia Western Australian Liver Transplantation Service Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Institute of Health Research University of Notre Dame

AIM To evaluate the effect of long haul airplane transport of donor livers on post-transplant outcomes. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of patients who received a liver transplantation was performed in Perth, Australia from 1992 to 2012. Donor and recipient characteristics information were extracted from Western Australian liver transplantation service database. Patients were followed up for a mean of six years. Patient and graft survival were evaluated and compared between patients who received a local donor liver and those who received an airplane transported donor liver. Predictors of survival were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis using cox *** One hundred and ninety-three patients received alocal donor liver and 93 patients received an airplane transported donor liver. Airplane transported livers had a significantly lower alanine transaminase(mean: 45 U/L vs 84 U/L, P = 0.035), higher donor risk index(mean: 1.88 vs 1.42, P < 0.001) and longer cold ischemic time(CIT)(mean: 10.1 h vs 6.4 h, P < 0.001). There was a weak correlation between CIT and transport distance(r2 = 0.29, P < 0.001). Mean follow up was six years and 93 patients had graft failure. Multivariate analysis found only airplane transport retained significance for graft loss(HR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.16-3.17). One year graft survival was 0.88 for those with a local liver and was 0.71 for those with an airplane transported liver. One year graft loss was due to primary graft non-function or associated with preservation injury in 20.8% of recipients of an airplane transported liver compared with 4.6% in those with a local liver(P = 0.027). CONCLUSION Airplane transport of donor livers was independently associated with reduced graft survival following liver transplantation.

关键词： Airplane transportation Cold ischemic time Graft survival Donor location Organ damage

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Parentage testing anomalies in Hong Kong SAR of China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2003年第5期116卷 708-711页

作者： Richard A collins Wing See Wu Lok-Ting Lau albert CH Yu Hong Kong DNA Chips Limited 1805-6 18/F Lu Plaza 2 Wing Yip Street Kowloon Hong Kong SAR ChinaHong Kong DNA Chips Limited 1805-6 18/F Lu Plaza 2 Wing Yip Street Kowloon Hong Kong SAR ChinaHong Kong DNA Chips Limited 1805-6 18/F Lu Plaza 2 Wing Yip Street Kowloon Hong Kong SAR ChinaHong Kong DNA Chips Limited 1805-6 18/F Lu Plaza 2 Wing Yip Street Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China

关键词： parentage testing short tandem repeat combined probability index polymerase chain reaction

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FRACTIONAL TRANSPORT OF SEDIMENT MIXTURES

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2003年第3期18卷 232-247页

作者： albert MOLINAS Colorado 80523 Colorado State University Dept. of Civil Engineering Fort collins

A new method based on the Transport Capacity Fraction (TCF) concept is proposed to compute the fractional transport rates for nonuniform sediment mixtures in sand-bed channels. The TCF concept is derived from the understanding that the measurements and predictions of bed-material load are more accurate and reliable than the measurements and predictions of fractional loads. First the bed-material load is computed using an appropriate equation, then the fractional transport rates are determined by distributing the bed-material load into size groups through a transport capacity distribution function. For the computation of bed-material loads, the Ackers and White, Engelund and Hansen, and Yang equations are used in this study. Two new transport capacity distribution functions are developed for flows in sand-bed channels. The new expressions presented in this paper account for the sheltering and exposure effects that exist in mixtures. Comparisons with measured data show that the proposed method can signifi

关键词： Sediment transport Fractional transport Sediment mixtures Size distribution

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A robust new metric of phenotypic distance to estimate and compare multiple trait differences among populations

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Current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 426-439页

作者： Rebecca SAFRAN Samuel FLAXMAN Michael KOPP Darren E. IRWIN Derek BRIGGS Matthew R. EVANS W. Chris FUNK David A. GRAY Eileen A. HEBETS Nathalie SEDDON Elizabeth SCORDATO Laurel B. SYMES Joseph A. TOBIAS David P. L. TOEWS J. albert C. UY Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 U.S.A. Mathematics and B iosciences Group Faculty of Mathematics University of Vienna A-1090 Vienna Austria Current address Evolutionary Biology and Modeling Group Faculty of Sciences Aix-Marseille University 13331 Marseille France. Department of Zoology University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z4. Research ＆ Evaluation Methodology School of Education University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 U.S.A. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A. Department of Biology California State University Northridge CA 91330 U.S.A. School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68588 U.S.A. Edward Grey Institute Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PS UK Committee on Evolutionary Biology The University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637U.S.A. Department of Biology Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 U.S.A. Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables FL 33146 U.S.A.

Whereas a rich literature exists for estimating population genetic divergence, metrics of phenotypic trait divergence are lacking, particularly for comparing multiple traits among three or more populations. Here, we review and analyze via simula- tion Hedges＇ g, a widely used parametric estimate of effect size. Our analyses indicate that g is sensitive to a combination of unequal trait variances and unequal sample sizes among populations and to changes in the scale of measurement. We then go on to derive and explain a new, non-parametric distance measure, ＇Aft＇, which is caiculated based upon a joint cumulative distribution function （CDF） from all populations under study. More precisely, distances are measured in terms of the percentiles in this CDF at which each population＇s median lies. Ap combines many desirable features of other distance metrics into a single metric; namely, compared to other metrics, p is relatively insensitive to unequal variances and sample sizes among the populations sam- pied. Furthermore, a key feature of Ap--and our main motivation for developing it--is that it easily accommodates simultaneous comparisons of any number of traits across any number of populations. To exemplify its utility, we employ Ap to address a ques- tion related to the role of sexual selection in speciation： are sexual signals more divergent than ecological traits in closely related taxa？ Using traits of known function in closely related populations, we show that traits predictive of reproductive performance are indeed, more divergent and more sexually dimorphic than traits related to ecological adaptation [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 426-439 2012].

关键词： Effect size Phenotype divergence Sexual dimorphism Sexual selection Speciation

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