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Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics linked to Piliostigma species in ferugino-tropical soils in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso, West Africa

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 99-108页

作者： Barthélémy Yélémou Sidzabda Djibril Dasmane Bambara Georges Yaméogo Salawu Assimi Environmental and Agricultural Research Institute (INERA) Program of Natural Resources Management/ Production SystemBP 10 KoudougouBurkina Faso Dayamba Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique INERADépartement Productions Forestières BP 10 KoudougouBurkina Faso Environmental and Agricultural Research Institute (INERA) 01 BP 476 OuagadougouBurkina Faso Environmental and Agricultural Research Institute (INERA) CTIG 01 BP 476 Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Environmental and Agricultural Research Institute (INERA) Laboratory of Forest Microbiology01 BP 476 OuagadougouBurkina Faso

In the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso, Piliostigma reticulatum （DC） Hochst and Piliostigma thonningii （Schumach） are precursor species of fallow land colonization and they are used by rural villagers. The present study aimed to assess the contribution of Piliostigma species to soil quality improvement. We quantified organic carbon, total nitrogen, soil microbial biomass, soil basal respiration and metabolic quotient from soil samples taken under and outside Piliostigma canopies. We used one-way ANOVA to test for differences in the above parameters between locations （beneath and outside Piliostigma canopies）. We recorded increased total organic carbon under Piliostigma from 31%–105% and in total nitrogen from 23%–66%. Microbial biomass was 13%–266% higher beneath canopies as compared to outside canopies. Basal respiration was also higher beneath canopies. The chemical elements varied by class of soil texture. Metabolic quotient （qCO2） was significantly correlated to clay （r = 0.80） and silt （r = 0.79） content. Piliostigma stands produced abundant litter due to their leaf biomass. Thus, they contribute to improved total organic carbon and total nitrogen content in the different phytogeographic zones and improve soil fertility.

关键词： Piliostigma phytogeographic zone soil carbon nitrogen microbial biomass

Toxicological characterization and central nervous system effects of Calotropis procera Ait. aqueous extracts in mice

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第7期12卷 329-336页

作者： Prosper T.Kinda Samson Guenné Moussa Compaoré Balé Bayala Alin Ciobica Raymond Belemtougri Martin Kiendrebéogo Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Chemistry University Joseph KI-ZERBO03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03Burkina Faso Laboratory of Animal Physiology Reproduction and endocrinology teamUniversity Joseph KI-ZERBO03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03Burkina Faso Department of Research Faculty of BiologyAlexandru Ioan Cuza UniversityB dul Carol Ino 11IasiRomania Academy of Romanian Scientists Splaiul Independentei nr.54sector 5050094 BucurestiRomania Center of Biomedical Research Romanian AcademyIasiB dul Carol Ino 8Romania Laboratory of Forensic Sciences General Direction of National Police01 BP 22 Ouagadougou 01Burkina Faso

Objective: To evaluate the toxicological and psychotropic properties of Calotropis(C.) procera. Methods: C. procera leaves and root-bark aqueous extracts were evaluated for their toxic and behavioral effects using adult mice. Toxicity studies were carried out using Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines 423 and 407 for acute and subacute evaluation. Behavioral studies were performed using traction test, fireplace test, hole-board test and forced-swimming test to evaluate the sedative, anxiety and depressive-like activities of the extracts. Results: Very low acute toxicity was observed in mice that received both leaves and rootbark extracts. The subacute test showed some morphological, biochemical and hematological changes in the treated groups. Behavioral assessment demonstrated anxiety effects on mice for C. procera leaf extract(400 mg/kg of body weight). Conclusions: The acute use of C. procera(leaves and root-barks) aqueous extracts could be considered as low toxic. However, their repeated uses could have harmful effect on some organs. Likewise, a single dose up to 400 mg/kg body weight of these extracts produce no sedative or depressive-like effect, but they possess possible dose dependent anxiety effect. Yet, more studies are necessary to relate these results to the chemical profile of the plant extracts.

关键词： Calotropis procera Toxicity Behavioral Burkina Faso

Experimental Study and Thermal Modelling of Cocoa Shell Convective Drying in an Indirect Solar Dryer

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Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science 2024年第2期14卷 69-78页

作者： Siaka Touré Adjo Christelle ogo Modibo Sidibé Solar Energy Laboratory FHB University of Cocody Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

The concern of the present work is the convective drying of empty cocoa shells in an indirect solar dryer. Some drying experiments, using one sample, were carried out. During the experiments, the sample is introduced in the drying chamber. Then at steady time intervals, the sample is withdrawn from the drying chamber, for a rapid weighing. After each weighing, the sample is reintroduced in the dryer. At each time interval, the ambient temperature of the drying chamber and its relative humidity γ are measured by a thermo-hygrometer. From the experimental data, a theoretical determination of the moisture evaporated from the product was performed and a good agreement was found between the theoretical and experimental values, confirmed by the value of the RMSE. Those calculations used the constants in the Nusselt number found in literature. Then those constants were evaluated again, to get new values more suitable with the experimental data. The dimensionless numbers of Nusselt, Grashof and Prandtl were calculated. That allowed the calculation of the average value of the Nusselt number. The average convective heat transfer coefficient was determined.

关键词： Shells of Cocoa Pods Indirect Solar Dryer Moisture Evaporated Constants of the Nusselt Number Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient

Natural Solar Drying and Charcoal Production by Pyrolysis of Empty Shells of Cocoa Pods Using a Carbonisation Stove Fitted with a Chimney

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2023年第4期17卷 109-120页

作者： Siaka Touré Adjo Christelle ogo Modibo Sidibé Solar Energy Laboratory FHB University of Cocody22 BP 582 Abidjan 22Côte d’Ivoire

The world’s production of cocoa highly has grown since *** West Africa,the production reached about 3,000,000 tons in *** than 50%of the world’s production of cocoa comes nowadays from Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire is the biggest *** harvesting,the empty shells,considered as non-useful wastes,are abandoned in the fields where they become a source of *** yields millions of tons of biomass that can be converted into charcoal,instead of being sources of *** the present work,the drying kinetics of the empty wet shells were ***,charcoal production by pyrolysis of those empty shells of cocoa pods was performed,using a carbonisation stove fitted with a *** study showed that the empty shells have a high moisture *** different phases of the drying were *** study compared the drying rates and the diffusion coefficients of a small sample and a big *** experiences of carbonisation of the empty shells were successfully carried *** the first experiment,the pyrolysis temperatures were recorded and the charcoal mass efficiency *** the second experiment,the temperatures were higher and the result was colored *** colorations disappeared after some hours.

关键词： Shells of cocoa pods solar drying diffusion coefficient charcoal production carbonisation stove.

Management of a Complex Portfolio of Assets with Stochastic Drifts and Volatilities

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Open Journal of Statistics 2022年第6期12卷 827-838页

作者： Wendkouni Yaméogo Korotimi Ouédraogo Diakarya Barro LANIBIO Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université Thomas SANKARA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

In financial analysis risk quantification is essential for efficient portfolio management in a stochastic framework. In this paper we study the value at risk, the expected shortfall, marginal expected shortfall and value at risk, incremental value at risk and expected shortfall, the marginal and discrete marginal contributions of a portfolio. Each asset in the portfolio is characterized by a trend, a volatility and a price following a three-dimensional diffusion process. The interest rate of each asset evolves according to the Hull and White model. Furthermore, we propose the optimization of this portfolio according to the value at risk model.

关键词： Value at Risk Expected Shortfall Stochastic Process Interest Rate

Prevalence of intestinal opportunistic parasites infections in the University hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 512-517页

作者： Ibrahim Sangaré Sanata Bamba Mamoudou Cissé Adama Zida Rabila Bamogo Constant Sirima Bienvenue KYaméogo Roger Sanou François Drabo Roch KDabiré Robert TGuiguemdé Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé UniversitéPolytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso01 BP 1091 Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso Centre MURAZ Unitéde Recherche en Paludisme et Maladies Tropicales NégligéesBobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo OuagadougouBurkina Faso Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Direction Régionale de l’ouestOuagadougouBurkina Faso Ministère de la Santé Direction de la Lutte contre la MaladieCoordination de la lutte contre les Maladies tropicales NégligéesOuagadougouBurkina Faso

Background:Gastrointestinal parasites infections are widespread in Africa and their prevalence infections vary from country to *** study aimed at assessing the prevalence of opportunistic intestinal parasites infection and other gastrointestinal parasites infection among patients attending the laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology of the University Hospital Souro Sanou of ***:A hospital cross-sectional based study was conducted from April to August,*** were persons whom parasitological examination of stools has been prescribed by a *** stools examination methods included direct wet saline examination,lugol’s iodine staining technique,formol-ether concentration and modified Ziehl-Neelsen *** recorded age and sex information for each ***:The overall prevalence of intestinal parasite infections was 65.3%(190/291).Majority of the parasitic infections was waterborne(64.3%)consisting of high prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp.(26.5%)and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar(23.4%).The prevalence of opportunistic parasites was 28.9%and Cryptosporidium *** the most prevalent species followed by Blastocystis sp.(1.0%),Cyclospora sp.(0.7%)and Isospora belli(0.7%).The prevalence of intestinal helminthes was 1.7%.Conclusions:The prevalence of intestinal parasitism in general remains high in Bobo-Dioulasso requiring the establishment of adequate diagnostic techniques,treatment and prevention.

关键词： Intestinal opportunistic parasite Prevalence Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Trends of Inequalities in the Use of Long-Term Reversible Contraceptives in Burkina Faso between 2010 and 2015

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Health 2023年第7期15卷 796-809页

作者： Lonkila Moussa Zan Georges Guiella Adama Tiendrébéogo Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie Ministère de l’économie des Finances et de la Prospective Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Direction Générale des études et des Statistiques Sectorielles Ministère de l’économie des Finances et de la Prospective Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: Efforts have been made in Burkina Faso, a French-speaking country, since 2010 to improve healthcare access and provide affordable contraceptive methods to women. With the increasing prevalence of modern contraceptives in Burkina Faso, it is important to examine the socio-demographic factors that contribute to this new pattern of contraceptive use. This study aims to analyze the changes in socio-demographic factors associated with long-term contraceptive use and provide scientific evidence to guide policy development and action planning in family planning. Data and Methods: We utilized data from the 2010 Demographic and Health Survey, which included 17,087 women aged 15 - 49 years, and the 2015 Demographic and Health Module, which included 11,504 women in the same age group. For the analysis of contraceptive use, we focused on women who were in need of contraception (either met or unmet), of reproductive age, non-pregnant, and either married or sexually active but not married. We included users of modern reversible methods and excluded non-users, as well as users of traditional or permanent methods. Results: Our findings revealed a high prevalence of long-term contraceptive use across all categories;however, certain challenges were identified, such as lower levels of information about contraceptive methods among users and the persistence of inequalities. Family planning discussions and partner approval did not influence long-term contraceptive choice. Additionally, some providers selectively offered specific methods based on women’s life course characteristics, such as parity and marital status, despite evidence suggesting that young and nulliparous women can effectively use long-term methods. Conclusion: Given the high effectiveness of long-term contraceptive methods, it is crucial to address barriers that hinder their utilization among young and nulliparous women, as well as those who desire to delay pregnancy. Efforts should focus on improving knowledg

关键词： Long-Term Short-Term Contraceptive Method Method Information Counselling Burkina Faso

Trends in the Use of Reversible Modern Contraceptives in Burkina Faso between 2010 and 2015

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Health 2023年第7期15卷 771-787页

Background: In Burkina Faso, efforts have been made between 2010 and 2015 to address the low levels of contraceptive utilization. However, the socio-cultural context in the country still reinforces traditional gender roles, low status for women, and a strong desire for larger families. The objectives of this study are twofold: 1) to analyze the trends in reversible modern contraceptive prevalence, and 2) to identify the factors influencing the use of reversible modern contraceptives, comparing the urban and rural areas. Data and Methods: We conducted an analysis using data from Burkina Faso sourced from the 2010 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the 2015 Demographic and Health Module (DHM). The 2010 DHS received responses from 17,087 women aged 15 - 49 years, achieving a response rate of 98.4%. Similarly, the 2015 DHM garnered responses from 11,504 women aged 15 - 49 years, with a response rate of 96.6%. Results: Our findings revealed that while advancements were observed in urban areas, the majority of underprivileged women still faced limited access to modern contraception. Moreover, we did not observe any significant interaction effects between age and parity with the year of the survey. However, there was a slight decrease in the impact of marital status, although the difference between married and non-married women remained significant in 2015. It is noteworthy that family planning discussions and approval continued to play crucial roles. Conclusion: The initiatives to subsidize contraceptive costs and establish mobile clinics have proven inadequate in facilitating rural, impoverished, and young women’s access to modern contraception. Additional endeavors are required to enhance geographical accessibility to modern contraceptives by expanding the availability of supply sources, particularly in rural areas. Furthermore, providing psychosocial support has the potential to empower women in making informed contraceptive decisions and exercising greater contro

关键词： Modern Contraceptives Reversible Contraceptives Contraception Family Planning Burkina Faso

Damage Associated with Lepidoptera Rice Stem Borers in an Integrated Cropping System in Bama, Western Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第11期14卷 3347-3365页

作者： Delphine Ouattara Kossi Latevi Rabiéta Simdé Fabien Kis-Wend-Sida Tiendrébéogo Innocent Sibiri Yaméogo Souleymane Nacro Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique/Institut de lEnvironnement et de Recherches Agricoles/Laboratoire de Protection et Dfense des Cultures Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique/Institut de lEnvironnement et de Recherches Agricoles/Laboratoire de Protection et Dfense des Cultures Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Lepidoptera stem borers cause significant damage in irrigated rice in Burkina Faso. This study was conducted to monitor the damage associated with these insect pests in an integrated cropping system over two consecutive years, 2020 and 2021. We used a randomized split-plot design in a latice design. Two rice varieties (FKR64 and Orylux6) were factors and four types of crop management before rice were used. Mineral fertilization (F0, F1, F2, F3) was distributed in secondary plots as the third factor. Weekly entomological assessments were conducted. Dead hearts and white heads were randomly sampled during the vegetative and the reproductive phases of the rice plant, respectively. Pre-immature populations of stem borers were recorded after laboratory dissection of rice tillers showing symptoms of damage. Chilo spp. was the most represented stem borer, irrespective of rice variety and type of treatment. Lepidoptera damage was higher in plots with higher NPK and legume than previous crops at 42 days after transplanting. The highest average rate of pre-immature stem borer populations was recorded on the Orylux6 variety. Parasitoids associated with stem borers belonged to four families of the order Hymenoptera. The highest yields were recorded in plots with the FKR 64 * F1 combination.

关键词： Insects Dead Hearts White Heads Rice