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Molecular genetics of gastric adenocarcinoma in clinical practice

World Journal of Medical Genetics 2014年第3期4卷 58-68页

作者： Margaret Cho ogechukwu eze Ruliang Xu Department of Pathology New York University Langone Medical Center New York NY 10016 United States

The molecular genetics of gastric carcinoma(GC) dictates their biology and clinical behavior. The two morphologically distinct types of gastric carcinoma by Lauren classification, i.e., intestinal and diffuse cell types, have a significant difference in clinical outcome. These two types of GC have different molecular pathogenetic pathways with unique genetic alterations. In addition to environmental and other etiologies, intestinal type GC is associated with Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and involves a multistep molecular pathway driving the normal epithelium to intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and malignant transformation by chromosomal and/or microsatellite instability(MSI), mutation of tumor suppressor genes, and loss of heterozygosity among others. Diffuse type shows no clear causal relationship with H. pylori infection, but is commonly associated with deficiency of cell-cell adhesion due to mutation of the E-cadherin gene(CDH1), and a manifestation of the hereditary gastric cancer syndrome. Thus, detection of CDH1 mutation or loss of expression of E-cadherin may aid in early diagnosis or screening of diffuse type GC. Detection of certain genetic markers, for example, MSI and matrix metalloproteinases, mayprovide prognostic information, particularly for intestinal type. The common genetic alterations may offer therapeutic targets for treatment of GC. Polymorphisms in Thymidylate synthase to metabolize 5-fluorouracil, glutathione S-transferase for degradation of Cisplatin, and amplification/overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 targeted by monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab, are a few examples. P13K/Akt/mT OR pathway, c-Met pathways, epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor fibroblast growth factor receptor, and micro RNAs are several potential therapeutic biomarkers for GC under investigation.

关键词： Molecular genetics Lauren classification Intestinal type gastric cancer Diffuse type gastric cancer Molecular Biomarker

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Clinical and biological significance of precursor lesions of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第25期7卷 2563-2570页

作者： Mark Ettel ogechukwu eze Ruliang Xu Department of Pathology NYU School of Medicine

Cholangiocarcinoma(CC) is primarily a malignant tumor of older adults most prevalent in Southeast Asia,where liver fluke infestation is *** the etiology in western countries is *** the incidence of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma has remained constant,incidence of intrahepatic CC(ICC) which differs inmorphology,pathogenesis,risk factors,treatment and prognosis is *** this increase is associated with hepatitis C virus infection,chronic nonalcoholic liver disease,obesity,and smoking,the pathogenesis of ICC and molecular alterations underlying the carcinogenesis are not completely *** biliary lesions such as biliary intraepithelial neoplasia,intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct,von Meyenburg complex or bile duct hamartoma,and bile duct adenoma have been associated with *** each of these entities,evidence suggests or supports a role as premalignant *** article summarized the important biological significance of the precursor lesions of ICC and the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinogenesis.

关键词： Intraepithelial neoplasia Von Meyenburgcomplex or bile duct hamartoma Bile duct adenoma Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Intraductal papillaryneoplasm of the bile duct

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Advances in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks(VANETs):Challenges and Road-map for Future Development

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2016年第1期13卷 1-18页

作者： Elias C.eze Si-Jing Zhang En-Jie Liu Joy C.eze Centre for Wireless Research Institute for Research in Applicable Computing (IRAC) Department of Computer Science and TechnologyUniversity of Bedfordshire

Recent advances in wireless communication technologies and auto-mobile industry have triggered a significant research interest in the field of vehicular ad-hoc networks （VANETs） over the past few years. A vehicular network consists of vehicle-to-vehicle （V2V） and vehicle-to-infrastructure （V2I） communications supported by wireless access technologies such as IEEE 802.11p. This innovation in wireless communication has been envisaged to improve road safety and motor traffic efficiency in near future through the development of intelligent transportation system （ITS）. Hence, governments, auto-mobile industries and academia are heavily partnering through several ongoing research projects to establish standards for VANETs. The typical set of VANET application areas, such as vehicle collision warning and traffic information dissemination have made VANET an interesting field of mobile wireless communication. This paper provides an overview on current research state, challenges, potentials of VANETs as well as the ways forward to achieving the long awaited ITS.

关键词： Vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V) vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) intelligent transport systems (ITS) IEEE802.11p wireless access in vehicular environment (WAVE) IEEE 1609.

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Exploring factors of disaster preparedness in UNESCO-designated heritage sites

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 392-404页

作者： Emmanuel eze Alexander Siegmund Institute of Geography&Heidelberg Center for the Environment(HCE) University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany Department of Geography-Research Group for Earth Observation(r geo) UNESCO Chair on Observation and Education of World Heritage&Biosphere ReserveHeidelberg University of EducationHeidelbergGermany Geographical and Environmental Education Unit Department of Social Science EducationUniversity of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria

Increased hazards threatening the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)-designated sites and endangering cultural heritage and community well-being require attention and ***-sidering the pivotal role of UNESCO sites in conservation and development,this study assessed their levels of disaster *** absence of studies assessing disaster awareness,risk perception,and preparedness among UNESCO site actors,as well as the pivotal place of preparedness within the Disaster Risk Management(DRM)cycle justifies this *** the tenets of the Person-Relative-to-Event framework,we hypothe-sized that a strong positive correlation exists between perceived risks,resources,and disaster *** collect pertinent data,we employed an embedded mixed-method design and conducted an online questionnaire survey yielding 141 responses from 59 *** the results of relevant analyses,wildfires,floods,and droughts are top hazards occurring frequently in UNESCO sites,with significant concerns about pollution and habitat loss during future *** emerged as the most available crucial DRM resource,with higher availability of DRM resources correlating positively and significantly with sites’*** findings con-tribute valuable insights to address missing links for disaster-ready and resilient UNESCO sites,promoting their preservation for future generations.

关键词： Biosphere reserves Disaster risk management(DRM) Global geoparks Person-relative-to-event(PRE)framework Sustainability World heritage sites

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Modulated Collective Motions and Condensation of Bacteria

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Chinese Physics Letters 2022年第10期39卷 79-84页

作者： Mei-Mei Bao Isaiah eze Igwe Kang Chen Tian-Hui Zhang Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research&School of Physical Science and Technology Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Department of Physics Federal University Dutsin-MaKatsina State 821101Nigeria

Bacteria can spontaneously develop collective motions by aligning their motions in dense *** we show that bacteria can also respond collectively to an alternating electrical field and form dynamic clusters oscillating at the same frequency of the *** the dynamic clusters go beyond a critical size,they split into smaller ones *** critical size for splitting depends on the frequency of electric field and the concentration of *** show that,instead of their biological activity,the physical properties of bacteria as charged particles are responsible for the formation of dynamic *** flows across the system play the key role in stabilizing the ***,to form clusters,collective hydrodynamic cooperation between bacteria is important such that no aggregation occurs in dilute *** findings in this study illustrate that bio-systems can respond collectively to an external field,promising an effective way to control and modulate the behavior of ***,the controlled aggregation and condensation of bacteria offer a robust approach to improve the local concentration of bacteria for early and rapid detection,which has wide applications in clinics.

关键词： field collective aggregation

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Prevalence of parasitemia and associated immunodeficiency among HIV—malaria co—infected adult patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第2期6卷 148-152页

作者： Caroline Edijana Omoti Chiedozie K.Ojide Patrick V.Lofor Emeka eze Joy C eze Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion University of Benin Teaching HospitalBenin CityNigeria Department of Medical Microbiology University of Benin Teaching HospitalBenin CityNigeria Department of Internal Medicine University of Benin Teaching HospitalBenin CityNigeria

Objective:To investigate the malaria parasitemia,CD4~+ cell counts and some haematological indices among HIV-malaria co-infected adult patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).Methods:A total of 342 adult HIV positive subjects were recruited at the consultant outpatient HIV/AIDS *** of Benin Teaching Hospital,Benin City,Nigeria between June 2011 to November *** samples were taken for malaria parasite count,CD4~+ cell count and other haematological ***:Out of the 342 adult HIV positive subjects a total of 254 patients(74.3%) were found to have malaria *** incidence of malaria parasitemia increased with advancing clinical stage of HIV infection and this was statistically significant(P=0.002).There was no statistical significance when gender was compared with the HIV-malaria status(P>0.05).Of the 254 co-infected patients,134(52.8%) had high parasitemia (>1.25×10~9/L).Sixty patients were found to be hyperparasitemic(>2.5 parasites/L).There was a significant association between CD4~+ cell count and having significant parasitemia(P0.05).Conclusions:The prevalence of parasitemia is high among the HIV/AIDS infected patients.

关键词： HIV Malaria HAART CD4~+

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Kinetics and mechanistic investigation of epoxide/CO2 cycloaddition by a synergistic catalytic effect of pyrrolidinopyridinium iodide and zinc halides

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第10期28卷 35-42页

作者： Abdul Rehman Valentine C. eze M.F.M.Gunam Resul Adam Harvey School of Engineering Merz CourtNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RUUK Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering University of Engineering and Technology LahoreFaisalabad CampusPakistan

Formation of styrene carbonate (SC) by the cycloaddition of CO2 to styrene oxide (SO) catalysed by pyrrolidinopyridinium iodide (PPI) in combination with zinc halides (ZnCl2, ZnBr2 and ZnI2) was investigated. Complete conversion of the SO to SC was achieved in 3 h with 100% selectivity using 1/0.5 molar (PPI/ZnI2) catalyst ratio under mild reaction conditions i.e., 100℃ and 10 bar CO2 pressure. The synergistic effect of ZnI2 and PPI resulted in more than 7-fold increase in reaction rate than using PPI alone. The cycloaddition reaction demonstrated the first-order dependence with respect to the epoxide, CO2 and catalyst concentrations. Moreover, the kinetic and thermodynamic activation parameters of SC formation were determined using the Arrhenius and Eyring equations. The positive values of △H(42.8 kJ mol^-1) and △G(102.3 kJ mol^-1) revealed endergonic and chemically controlled nature of the reaction, whereas the large negative values of △S(-159.4 J mol^-1 K^-1) indicate a highly ordered activated complex at the transition state. The activation energy for SC formation catalyzed by PPI alone was found to be 73.2 kJ mol^-1 over a temperature range of 100-140℃, which was reduced to 46.1 kJ mol^-1 when using PPI in combination with ZnI2 as a binary catalyst. Based on the kinetic study, a synergistic acid-based reaction mechanism was proposed.

关键词： Cycloaddition CO2 utilization Cyclic carbonates Homogeneous catalysis Activation energy

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Plinthite and Its Associated Evolutionary Forms in Soils and Landscapes:A Review

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Pedosphere 2014年第2期24卷 153-166页

作者： P.N.eze T.K.UDEIGWE M.E.MEADOWS Department of Environmental & Geographical Science University of Cape Town Department of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech University

At elevated temperature regimes and abundant precipitation, mobilization and accretion of weathered iron oxides are promoted especially in a reduced environments in the tropics. This may lead to the formation of plinthite, which hardens irreversibly upon repeated wetting and drying to form petroplinthite. The need for this review stems from the seemingly dearth of information on the subject and a need to clarify different terms used in describing plinthite. We review various research works on plinthite and its associated pedogenic forms in the tropics. Furthermore, we proffer recommendations as to the most appropriate land use management practices that could help minimise the environmental and agronomic problems associated with plinthite and its related pedogenic forms. Parent material, temperature, seasonality and geomorphology are critical factors that influence soil water regime which in turn affect the pedogenesis of plinthite. Soil pH and mineralogy are additional factors that could also promote plinthite formation. Fossil plinthic soils are potential proxies for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Measures used in the management of plinthic soils include mechanically breaking the hardpans and the use of organic and inorganic amendments to modify the structure and chemistry of the soils. Avoidance of practices that would predispose soils to erosion would also prevent plinthization. We call for the relinquishment of the term ＂[aterite＂ which is a generM term for all forms of iron oxide-enriched earthy materials as used for plinthite. Plinthic horizon should also be incorporated into the United States Department of Agriculture Soil Taxonomy in view of its growing importance in soils.

关键词： agronomy pedogenesis petroplinthite soil taxonomy tropics

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Public＇s knowledge of the differences between ophthalmologists and optometrists：a critical issue in eye care service utilisation

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第9期9卷 1336-1342页

作者： Boniface Ikenna eze Obiekwe Okoye Emmanuel Nwabueze Aguwa Department of Ophthalmology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital PMB 01139 Ituku-Ozalla EnuguNigeria Department of Community Medicine and Public Health University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital PMB 01139Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Nigeria

AIM：To assess the public＇s knowledge of the differences between ophthalmologists and optometrists and identify the factors associated with ***：The study was a population-based random survey of adults aged 18 years or older conducted in Enugu,south eastern Nigeria,between March and June,*** on respondents＇ socio-demographics,clinical profile,and knowledge of the differences between ophthalmologists and optometrists were collected using a 28-item *** were analysed using descriptive and analytical *** of P〈0.05 were considered statistically ***：The respondents（P=394） comprised 198 males and 196 females（sex ratio =1.01：1）,aged 18-70（30.9 ±10.8） *** majority of respondents were single（57.4%）,possessed secondary education（96.9%）,employed（65.2%） and had no health insurance（77.4%）.Their clinical profile showed previous eye exam 54.1%,spectacle wear 41.6%and contact lens wear 5.6%.In the multivariate analysis,participants＇ good knowledge of the differences between ophthalmologists and optometrists was significantly associated with educational status（OR：0.32,95%CI：0.23-0.44,P〈0.0001,β =-0.988）,employment status（OR：1.8,95%CI：1.45-2.25,P〈0.0001,β=0.124）and previous eye examination（OR：1.63,95%CI：1.29-2.07,P〈0.0001,β =0.549）.CONCLUSION：Participants＇ socio-demographic and clinical characteristics are important predictors of good *** findings may have implications for all stakeholders in eye care *** is need for knowledge enhancement,by the government and eye care providers,through population-based eye health literacy campaigns.

关键词： public's knowledge ophthalmologists optometrists

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Some Estimates of the Maximum Modulus for Polynomials with Gaps

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Analysis in Theory and Applications 2019年第4期35卷 421-426页

作者： eze R.Nwaeze Department of Mathematics Tuskegee UniversityTuskegeeAL 36088USA

Let p(z)be a polynomial of degree n having some zeros at a point z0 ∈C with |z0|<1 and the rest of the zeros lying on or outside the boundary of a prescribed *** this brief note,we consider this class of polynomials ... 详细信息

关键词： Polynomials maximum modulus zeros prescribed disk

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