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Assessment of Nitrates and Nitrites in Borehole Water from the Southern and the Northern Region of Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2024年第2期14卷 87-105页

作者： Jean Stéphane Claon Kouassi Kouakou Serge Sérikipré Laurent Seka M’Bassidjé Arsène N’Guettia Kossonou Roland Traoré Aïcha Djamanallico Joseph Kouadio Kouakou Luc Analytical Sciences and Public Health Department University of Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Water Quality Control and Analysis Laboratory (LACQUE) Office National de l’Eau Potable (ONEP) Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Biology and Health Laboratory University of Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Department of Medical and Fundamental Biochemistry Institut Pasteur of C&#244te d’Ivoire Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratory of Environmental Sciences (LSE) University of Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of water from village boreholes by measuring physicochemical parameters such as nitrates, nitrites, and total organic carbon (TOC). Forty-five (45) village pumps from the Southern (Basse Côte) and the Northern (Korhogo) region of Cte d’Ivoire (west Africa) were sampled. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity at 25˚C, and turbidity were determined in situ, while nitrite and nitrate were analyzed according to ISO 10304-1 (2007) standard and total organic carbon (TOC) by NF EN 1484 (1997) standard. The results showed that the borehole waters of the Basse Côte and Korhogo analyzed are acidic, with an average temperature of 27.51˚C ± 0.16˚C and 29.95˚C ± 0.51˚C respectively for the Basse Côte and Korhogo regions. The borehole waters of the Basse Côtedo not contain nitrites, while those of Korhogo have average nitrite contents of 0.32 mg/l. The average nitrate rate in the waters of the Basse Côte and Korhogo are 12.08 ± 2.11 mg/l and 11.03 ± 3.18 mg/l respectively. The average TOC concentration of the waters of the Basse Côte is 1.28 ± 0.32 mg/l and that of Korhogo is 0.56 ± 0.09 mg/L. The study showed that the borehole waters of the Basse Côte and Korhogo have average temperatures between 27.4˚C and 29.95˚C with a slightly acidic pH value and acceptable salinity. The TOC concentrations obtained at the different sampling points were all below the French standard (2 mg/L) except for certains pumps of the Basse Côte. The water samples from the Basse Côte were devoid of nitrite. On the other hand, those from Korhogo revealed the presence of nitrite. Also, the borehole waters of the regions of the Basse Côte and Korhogo contain relatively high nitrate contents, presumably due to anthropometric activity. Overall, our study on the quality of drinking water showed that the waters analyzed are in compliance with international standards and safe for consumption.

关键词： Drinking Water pH Turbidity TOC Nitrates Nitrites Health Effect

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Button Cell Ingestion in Infants: A Report of Five Cases

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第8期12卷 199-209页

作者： Mbène Fall Aminata Diop Nakoulima Khadija Fall Alice Ingabiré Goumba Mame Aïta Seck Tagouthie Niang Madawase Mboup Mame Diarra Mbacké Ibrahima Diallo Meissa Ndew Seye Department of Pediatrics Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal Department of Surgery Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal Department of Medecine Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal

Button cell ingestion is a common household accident among infants, often leading to serious complications that require immediate diagnosis and urgent removal. We report five cases of button cell ingestion involving infants aged between 9 and 32 months, including four boys and one girl. The ingestion was accidentally discovered in two infants, while in the other three, it was suspected during play. In three cases, mothers attempted to induce vomiting by giving fluids, but the batteries remained in the digestive tract for 38 hours to 5 days. After confirming the diagnosis, the batteries were removed within 4 to 36 hours. The locations of the cells were the esophagus in two cases, the cardia in one, the stomach in one, and the bowel in one. One case involved a large cell in the esophagus, while the others involved smaller cells. Complications occurred in four cases, including esotracheal fistula, esophageal ulceration, and perforation of the jejunum and caecum. In one case, the digestive mucosa appeared normal upon endoscopy. One patient died.

关键词： Button Cell Domestic Accident Infant

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Morning Glory Syndrome or Bindweed Flower Papilla Syndrome

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 143-148页

作者： Prudence Ada Assoumou Davy Alex Mouinga Abayi Yoan Mboussou Annick Kougou Ntoutoume Hélène Nyinko Aboughe Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki Emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instructions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Mé division Clinic Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother and Child University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Morning Glory Syndrome (MGS) is a rare anomaly of the optic nerve characterized by a flower-shaped excavation in the optic disc. This anatomical peculiarity is of growing interest due to its impact on vision and the therapeutic challenges it presents. Despite research advances, gaps persist, requiring thorough exploration to better understand this rare condition. We present the case of a young girl. Observation: A 7-year-old girl presented with persistent deterioration of vision in the right eye since birth. Visual acuity was counting fingers at 2 meters in the right eye and 10/10 in the left eye. Biomicroscopy was normal in both eyes, and fundus examination revealed a funnel-shaped excavation at the optic disc of the right eye, associated with central glial proliferation, thin blood vessels in a radial distribution, and atrophy of the neuroretinal rim. Additional tests confirmed the diagnosis of isolated unilateral Morning Glory Syndrome in the right eye. Combined treatment included appropriate optical correction and functional rehabilitation. Regular ophthalmological follow-up over a one-year period was established to monitor visual acuity evolution, optic disc stability, and detect any potential complications. The reserved prognosis was marked by the absence of ocular complications and maintenance of initial visual acuity in the right eye. Conclusion: The positive response to management underscores the importance of an integrated approach, early diagnosis, therapeutic adherence, and personalized strategies.

关键词： Morning Glory Anomaly Congenital Disc OCT

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Ocular Complications in Diabetic Patients: Prevalence, Impact on Quality of Life, and Implications for Healthcare

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 149-158页

作者： Prudence Ada Assoumou Davy Alex Mouinga Abayi Daniella Nsame Annick Kougou Ntoutoume Hélène Nyinko Aboughe Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki Emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instructions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Endocrinology Department at the Libreville Hospital Center Department of Internal Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother and Child University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Diabetes, a chronic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, poses a major global health challenge. In Gabon, 10% of the population is affected by this condition, highlighting the need to actively understand and manage it. Ocular complications of diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and cataracts, have a devastating impact on patients quality of life and represent a crucial issue for healthcare systems. Methodology: This study conducted in Libreville from February 9, 2022, to April 15, 2022, was cross-sectional, longitudinal, and descriptive, with prospective data collection. Participants were diabetic patients regularly followed in the endocrinology department of CHUL, who were referred for a comprehensive ophthalmological examination at CHUO. Sampling was exhaustive, with strict inclusion criteria aimed at ensuring the representativeness of the study population. Results: The mean age of participants was 57.5 ± 13.2 years with a male-to-female ratio of 0.8. Personal histories were dominated by hypertension, while family histories were dominated by diabetes. Ocular complications of diabetes included refractive disorders (78.9%), cataracts (31.7%), glaucoma (78.9%), and diabetic retinopathy (13.7%). These ocular complications had a significant impact on participants’ quality of life, leading to impaired vision (78.9%), difficulties in carrying out daily activities (62.2%), the need for caregiver assistance (50.3%), high levels of stress and anxiety (68.9%), regular medication intake (71.4%), adherence to a specific diet (55.9%), and frequent blood glucose monitoring (74.5%). Conclusion: This study highlights the major impact of diabetic ocular complications on patients’ quality of life.

关键词： Ocular Complications Diabetes Quality of Life Prevalence Gabon

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Diabetic Retinopathy: Diagnostic Challenges and Impact of Physical Activity

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 136-142页

Introduction: Diabetes represents a major public health challenge, affecting over 463 million people according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Among its complications, diabetic retinopathy stands out as the leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries. Physical activity is now recognized as a cornerstone of diabetes management, and its impact on diabetic retinopathy is of growing interest. Observation: Mr. A.E, a 54-year-old man, presents with progressive deterioration of his vision. Family history of diabetes and hypertension is noted. He engages in one hour of physical activity daily, including treadmill running and indoor cycling. Despite recent optical correction, his visual acuity remains at 3/10 unimproved. Ocular imaging, notably fluorescein retinal angiography and optical coherence tomography, reveals proliferative diabetic retinopathy with bilateral macular edema. Blood tests, performed after physical activity, show normal values of blood glucose and HbA1c, delaying the initiation of treatment and promoting the progression of retinopathy. Despite appropriate management, no significant improvement in visual function is observed during follow-up. Conclusion: The management of diabetic retinopathy requires an approach integrating physical activity. A better understanding of the interaction between physical activity and diabetic retinopathy is needed to optimize prevention and treatment strategies.

关键词： Diabetes Retina Blood Glucose HbA1c Physical Activity

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Assessment of the Vaccination Status of Children Aged 6 to 30 Months in a Tertiary Level Health Care Center in Côte d’Ivoire

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 536-546页

作者： Yenan John Patrick Kpangni Jean Bertrand Yao Kouassi Christian Yeboua Yao Kossonou Roland Aka-Tanoh Koko Aude Hélène Avi-Siallou Christelle Honorine Asse Kouadio Vincent Department of Pediatrics University Teaching Hospital of Bouake Bouake Ivory Coast Unit Pediatric Surgery University Teaching Hospital of Bouake Bouake Ivory Coast

Introduction: Vaccination coverage in Côte d’Ivoire over the period 2011 to 2015 was below the target of 95% for all antigens. The objective of this study was to analyze the vaccination status of children aged 6 to 30 months with a view to improving vaccination coverage. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which took place from June to September 2018 in a tertiary health center, focusing on children aged 6 to 30 months with a correctly completed health record. The parameters studied were sex, age, educational level of mothers, dates of vaccine administration and reason for missed vaccination opportunities. Results: We retained 212 children. The sex ratio was 1.21 and 93% had received the BCG vaccine before the age of 1 month. The average ages of combined and co-administered vaccines for the 1st and 2nd doses were 7.66 ± 3.81 and 12.88 ± 3.95 weeks, respectively. The median was 16.57 weeks for the 3rd dose. The proportion of vaccinated subjects was greater than 90% for the BCG vaccine and the 3 doses of combined vaccines, and 77% for the yellow fever and measles vaccines. The reasons for non-vaccination were attributable to the children’s parents and health facilities. Conclusion: Improving vaccination coverage requires regular supply of vaccines to centers, and the involvement of all health professionals, community and religious leaders in the vaccination awareness process.

关键词： Children Vaccination Coverage Missed Opportunities

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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Congolese Women in Kinshasa on Breast Cancer

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第8期14卷 1207-1222页

作者： Pierre Joseph Ingala Amasa Ernest Ombha Loshima Arsène Mputu Lobota Guy Lambert Monzango Sibo Malka Salamo Azama Gracia Tambola Wasinga Dieudonné Omatuku Tshofu Fidèle Djamba Okitokonda Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Clinics of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo Public Hospital Group of the South of the Oise Senlis France National Border Hygiene Program of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo

Context: Breast cancer is a high-mortality disease. Early detection has considerably reduced mortality in developed countries. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Congolese women in Kinshasa on breast cancer, their levels and to identify factors associated with insufficient knowledge, negative attitudes and non-beneficial practices. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with analytical aims, carried out from June 1 to September 30, 2023, in Kinshasa. It involved 1170 female respondents, aged 18 to 65, who agreed to take part in the survey. Data were collected using a pre-established questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 20.0. The study variables were socio-demographics, morbid history, knowledge, attitudes and practices of respondents regarding breast cancer. Statistical measures and tests used were Mean ± standard deviation, median, proportions, logistic regression Backward stepwise and p Results: 60% had insufficient knowledge, 75% had negative attitudes and 80% had non-beneficial practices. The risk factors common to insufficient knowledge, negative attitudes and non-beneficial practices towards breast cancer were low level of education, membership of revivalist or Muslim churches, and primiparity. Conclusion: 60% of Congolese women in Kinshasa have insufficient knowledge about breast cancer, 75% have negative attitudes and 80% have non-beneficial practices, with a positive association between insufficient knowledge and negative attitudes on the one hand, and insufficient knowledge and non-beneficial practices on the other. In this context, increasing the population’s literacy and access to information are essential.

关键词： Knowledge Attitudes Practices Breast Cancer Congolese Woman in Kinshasa

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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Violence among Primary and Secondary School Workers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2024年第3期12卷 225-241页

作者： Marthe Sandrine Sanon Lompo Issa Traoré Yannick Wilfried Boenzemwende Ninkéma Guiegui-Kouamé Chimène Pulcherie Constant Gouba Adama François Ouédraogo Souka Gaston Kaboré Arouna Ouédraogo Unit de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant Dpartement de Sant Publique Universit Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut Suprieur des Sciences de la Sant Dpartement de Sant Publique Universit Nazi Boni Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Unit de Formation et de Recherche Sciences mdicales Universit Flix Houphout Boigny Abidjan Cte dIvoire Office de Sant des Travailleurs Service de Pathologies Professionnelles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Violence is a major problem in today’s workplace. It affects workers in all sectors of activity. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with violence among primary and secondary school staff in Ouagadougou. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study that took place from April 22, 2020 to February 18, 2021 in primary and secondary schools in Ouagadougou. It focused on the educational staff of these establishments. Results: A total of 362 agents took part in the study. The average age of participants was 36.5 ± 6.89 years. The sex ratio was 1.62 men to one woman. The majority of workers were teachers, with 300 participants (82.87%). The average job tenure was 7 years ± 6.91 years. With regard to violence in the workplace, 87 workers were victims, representing a prevalence of 24.03%. Of these workers, 59 (67.81%) were men and 36 (41.38%) had less than six years’ experience. Acts of violence were predominantly pushing observed in 15 workers (50%), while shouting and aggressive tone dominated psychological violence and concerned 54 cases (36.24%). On univariate analysis, the factors associated with violence were age (p = 0.046) and type of establishment (p = 0.012). On multivariate analysis, only the nature of the establishment was the only factor associated with the occurrence of violence among teaching staff (OR = 2.3690, p = 0.0213). Conclusion: The prevalence of violence is high in these educational establishments. Age and type of establishment are factors associated with its occurrence. It is therefore necessary to develop an effective strategy for preventing this risk in the workplace.

关键词： Violence Prevalence Factors Workers Ouagadougou

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Psychological Experience of Mothers of Children with Sickle Cell Disease Followed at the Pediatric Department of Bouaké University Teaching Hospital

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期14卷 149-163页

作者： Akanji Iburaima Alamun Aka-Tanoh Koko Aude Hélène Yao Kouassi Christian Adou Leioh Romeo Sahi Gnantin Josette Landryse Amani Ehi Alexise Eleonore Boune Aboulaye Asse Kouadio Vincent Paediatrics Department Bouaké University Teaching Hospital Bouaké C&#244te d’Ivoire

Introduction: Sickle cell disease has physical and emotional repercussions on the child and his family. The aim of this study was to describe the psychosocial experiences of mothers of children with sickle cell disease in order to improve the overall care of the child. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the pediatrics department of Bouaké University Teaching Hospital from June to September 2023. It focused on mothers of major sickle-cell-affected children followed up in the pediatrics department of the Bouaké University Teaching Hospital. The variables studied were sociodemographic, psychological, social and economic. Results: Of the 40 mothers surveyed, 15% were not in school and 32.5% were unemployed. For them, sickle cell disease was of natural (genetic) origin in 90% and supernatural in 10%. They stated that the child had an average age of 36 months (extremes 7 and 108 months) when the disease was discovered. And 52% of them were satisfied with the way the disease was clearly and completely announced. Following the announcement, the questioned mothers said they had felt shock (35%), sadness (31.7%), guilt (23.3%) and discouragement (10%). Anxiety and depression were experienced by 77.5% and 22.5% respectively. In 60% of cases, they stated that the disease was incurable, and the outcome was fatal in 2.5% of cases. The child’s illness was a source of problems in the home in 25% of cases, represented by arguments in 92% and divorce in 8%. In 97.5% of cases, the mother told her family and friends about the child’s illness. In 90% of cases, the mother and child benefited from psychological support from family and friends. Conclusion: Sickle cell disease is a serious illness with a psychological and social impact on mothers. We recommend psychological support for mothers from the moment of diagnosis and throughout follow-up.

关键词： Psychosocial Experience Sickle Cell Disease Côte d’Ivoire

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新发传染病全球大流行的挑战与跨部门综合防控策略

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中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 2024年第3期42卷 279-285页

作者：谷思雨强讷李天韵韩乐飞周晓农上海交通大学医学院-国家热带病研究中心全球健康学院上海200025 上海交通大学-爱丁堡大学全健康研究中心上海200025 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所(国家热带病研究中心) 传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室世界卫生组织热带病合作中心科技部国家级热带病国际研究中心上海200025

新发传染病(EID)是指新出现的或既往已经存在但发病率或影响范围迅速增加的传染性疾病。受气候变化、病原体进化等因素影响,EID发生频率及形成大流行的风险在不断增加。新型冠状病毒感染等疾病的暴发已经对全球健康、经济和社会稳定造... 详细信息

新发传染病(EID)是指新出现的或既往已经存在但发病率或影响范围迅速增加的传染性疾病。受气候变化、病原体进化等因素影响,EID发生频率及形成大流行的风险在不断增加。新型冠状病毒感染等疾病的暴发已经对全球健康、经济和社会稳定造成了巨大冲击。这些疾病的全球大流行不仅直接影响人类健康,还给经济发展、贫困减少和教育等方面带来诸多负面影响。为了有效应对EID的挑战,国家和国际组织采取了一系列综合性防控策略,包括降低病原体溢出风险、建立综合性监测与预警系统、协调部门间的合作与信息共享以及以全健康(One Health)理念开展跨部门联防联控。当下EID防控依然面临诸多挑战,本文总结EID大流行所带来的挑战、国家及国际层面的应对防控策略以及当前防控的进展和具体案例,为将来应对EID大流行提供经验参考。

关键词：新发传染病全球大流行防控策略全健康

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