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Dose Optimization in Computer Tomography Pediatric Cranial Scans

Open Journal of Radiology 2019年第4期9卷 181-193页

作者： Clémence Alla Takam odette samba Aurelle Tchagna Kouanou Daniel Tchiotsop Eddy Fotso Kamdem Emilienne Guegang Emmanuel Fongang Unité de Recherche de Matière Condensée d’Electronique et de Traitement du Signal (URMACETS) Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Service de Radiothérapie Hôpital Général de Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroo Department of Research Development Innovation and Training InchTech’s Yaoundé Cameroon Unité de Recherche d’Automatique et d’Informatique Appliquée (URAIA) IUT-FV de Bandjoun Université de Dschang Dschang Cameroon Service de Radiologie et d’Imagerie Médicale Hôpital Général de Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon

Background and Objective: Nowadays, Computer Tomography is one of the best radiological imaging technics which can give right diagnostic information, among the detection of multiphasic adenomas, the detection of cardiac, cerebral and vascular abnormalities. Although these good qualities, this technic is too radiant for the patient. In this paper, we based on the irradiation doses delivered from the current protocols to find a practical method of their optimization during the pediatric cranial scan. Materials and Methods: This work relies on a collection of data from patients in the hospitals, so that analyze them, give the conclusions and, propose an optimal practical method to decrease the irradiation doses. To collect data, we performed a prospective study of seventeen months (from December 2017 to May 2019) carried out simultaneously in three hospitals of the city: The Centre Medical la Cathédrale (H1), the Yaoundé Central Hospital (H2) and the Yaoundé Gyneaco-Obstetric and pediatric hospital (H3). This study included a total of 192 cases of cerebral trauma, of which 11 cases excluded for incomplete information. The dosimetry quality control (CTDIvol) using the PMMA phantoms of 16 cm and 32 cm fulfilled. The scanographic parameters of the patient acquisition protocol were recorded and analyzed. Some of those parameters were modified and entered the CT with the help of a biomedical engineer to reduce the delivered dose. The relationship between CTDIvol and kV is statistically significant (p Results: Among patients, 172 are boys, and the remaining 9 are girls all were in the 0 to 15 age group. CTDIvol values varied from 34.2 mGy to 107.8 mGy and PDLs from 107.8 *** to 2214.5 *** in H1. In H2, CTDIvol varied from 5.8 mGy to 44 mGy and PDLs from 91.4 *** to 665.5 ***. CTDIvol varied between 9.34 mGy to 92.81 mGy and PDLs from 162.38 *** to 2713.67 *** in H3. All values are taken at 75th percentile, with or without contrast injection. Conclusion: The

关键词： Computed Tomography Dose Optimization Pediatric Cranial Scans Protocol

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Profile of Radiotherapy Side Effects in Patients Treated for Cervical Cancer in Cameroon: Case of the Douala General Hospital

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2023年第1期14卷 59-71页

作者： Berthe Sabine Esson Mapoko Anne Marthe Maison Mayeh Ruth Rosine Meka’h Mapenya Orel Kelvin Ndouandju Saha Esther Dina Bell Etienne Atenguena Okobalemba Anne Sango Romeo Talla Ambroise Ntama Sidonie Ananga Albertine Eloundou Martin Essomba Biwole odette samba Ngano Albert Mouelle Sone Emilienne Guegang Goudjo Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Background: Radiotherapy is one of the main therapeutic strategies used in cervical cancer. The first radiotherapy services in Cameroon have existed since 1987 and still treat by conventional radiation techniques. With the evolution of radiation techniques, acute, subacute, and late complications are minimized. Our study aimed to describe the profile of side effects in patients with uterine cervix cancer treated by conventional radiotherapy, still used in our services. Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study of the records of patients treated in the radiotherapy department of the Douala General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019. Data concerning radiation-induced toxicities were collected using the CTCAE Version 4.0 classification. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: A total of 270 records were selected. The median age was 54 years. The mean total radiation dose was 55.9 ± 11.8 Gy and 71.1% of patients were treated for less than 8 weeks. We found a frequency of 66.7% of radio-induced lesions with 99% being acute. The main acute lesions encountered were radio dermatitis (40%), radiation cystitis (17.7%), and radiation proctitis (17.1%). As late lesions, we found one case of vaginal fibrosis (0.4%). Exclusive radiotherapy, classical fractionation, and total doses lower than 45 Gy seemed to decrease the toxicity linked to conventional radiotherapy. Conclusion: The frequency of side effects of radiotherapy for cervical cancer at the Douala General Hospital remains high. Early lesions are the most encountered but strategies should be put in place to better evaluate late lesions.

关键词： Cervical Cancer Radiotherapy Radiation-Induced Lesions Cameroon

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Hydrochemistry of Groundwater in the Rice Cultivation Area of Maga: Analysis of the Mineralization Process

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第9期12卷 370-387页

作者： Emmanuel Aguiza Abaï Hugues Pahimi Prosper samba Koukouare Guillaume Ewodo Mboudou Auguste Ombolo Department of Industrial Security Quality and Environment National Advanced School of Mines and Petroleum Industries University of Maroua Kaele Cameroon School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Hydrocarbons Exploitation Mao National Higher Petroleum Institute NDjamena Chad Department of Hydraulics and Water Management National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Rural Engineering Higher Institute of Agriculture Forestry Water and Environment University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon

The use of groundwater for drinking water supply to the population is increasingly practiced in the rice cultivation area of Maga. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the hydrochemical characteristics of this water due to a lack of quality control. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of mineralization processes in order to establish the hydrochemical profile of the water in the area. The methodological approach consisted of collecting fifteen water samples from wells and boreholes during six campaigns for physicochemical analysis, and studying them through methods of interpreting hydrochemical data. The analysis results show that these waters are moderately mineralized. The water facies are mainly of the bicarbonate sodium and potassium type, as well as the bicarbonate calcium and magnesium type. Calculation of saturation indices demonstrates that evaporite minerals show lower degrees of saturation than carbonate minerals, with gypsum, anhydrite, and halite being in a highly undersaturated state. The mineralization of groundwater originates from the dissolution of surrounding rocks on the one hand, and anthropogenic activities involving exchanges between alkalis (Na+ and K+) in the aquifer and alkaline earth (Ca2+ and Mg2+), resulting in the fixation of alkaline earth and the dissolution of alkalis.

关键词： Hydrochemistry Mineralization Groundwater Maga

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Detailed Analyses of Nymphea Seeds Consumed in the Senegal River Valley

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 695-700页

作者： Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou Michel Bakar Diop Fatou Kiné Gueye César Bassène Mame samba Mbaye Centre dEtudes sur la Scurit Alimentaire et les Molcules Fonctionnelles (CESAM-RESCIF) Universit Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar Sngal Unit de formation et de Recherche des Sciences Agronomiques de lAquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires Universit Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Sngal Laboratoire de Botanique-Biodiversit Biologie Vgtale Universit Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

Physicochemical investigations were performed on seeds of Nymphea lotus and N. micrantha consumed in the Senegal River valley. They revealed a composition similar to that of cereals. In order to estimate their intrinsic quality, the determination of their amino acid, fatty acid and monosaccharids profiles was done. The results indicate that monosaccharides are represented specifically by saccharose (7%) and glucose (0.67%);a predominance of stearic acid and linoleic acid as unsaturated acids (24.86%);arachidic and palmitic acids as the only saturated acid found (11.12%);a good ratio of unsaturated/saturated acid (2.23);a lack of oleic acid, linoleic, palmitoleic, myristic, caprylic acids;a poor-quality index protein due to low quantity amino acids. Nevertheless, all essential amino acids are present in the seeds. The Nymphea sp grains consumed by the populations around the Senegal River valley offer an interesting nutritional quality linked to fatty acids and carbohydrates.

关键词： Nymphea Seeds Composition

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Molecular characterization of an outbreak-involved Bacillus anthracis strain confirms the spillover of anthrax from West Africa

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 93-94页

作者： Shuchao Wang Roland Suluku Mohamed B.Jalloh Ahmed F.samba Baogui Jiang Yubiao Xie Doris Harding Mengyao Zhang Foday Sahr Mahmud E.Sesay James S.Squire Mohamed A.Vandi Moinina N.Kallon Shoufeng Zhang Rongliang Hu Yuee Zhao Zhiqiang Mi Changchun Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun China Department of Animal Sciences School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Department of Microbiology College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences University of Sierra Leone Freetown Sierra Leone Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sciences Freetown Sierra Leone Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology Beijing China Ministry of Health and Sanitation Freetown Sierra Leone Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Beijing China

Background Anthrax,a zoonotic disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis,remains a major global public health concern,especially in countries with limited *** Leone,a West African country historically plagued by anthrax,has almost been out of report on this disease in recent *** this study,we described a large-scale anthrax outbreak affecting both animals and humans and attempted to characterize the *** The causative agent of the animal outbreak in Port Loko District,Sierra Leone,between March and May 2022 was identified using the nanopore sequencing technique.A nationwide active surveillance was implemented from May 2022 to June 2023 to monitor the occurrence of anthrax-specific symptoms in *** cases were subsequently verified using quantitative polymerase chain ***-genome sequencing was accomplished by combining long-read and short-read sequencing *** phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the full-chromosome single nucleotide *** The outbreak in Port Loko District,Sierra Leone,led to the death of 233 animals between March 26th and May 16th,*** ruled out the initial suspicion of Anaplasma species and successfully identified *** as the causative agent of the *** a result of the government's prompt response,out of the 49 suspected human cases identifed during the one-year active surveillance,only 6 human cases tested positive,all within the frst month after the official declaration of the *** phylogenetic analysis indicated that the BaSL2022 isolate responsible for the outbreak was positioned in the ***.153 clade within the TransEuroAsian group of *** We successfully identifed a large-scale anthrax outbreak in Sierra *** causative isolate of ***,BaSL2022,phylogenetically bridged other lineages in ***.153 clade and neighboring genetic groups,***.144 and ***.148,

关键词： Molecular identification Anthrax Bacillus anthracis Sierra Leone Phylogeny Single nucleotide polymorphism

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Ceramic Properties of Three Specimens of Alluvial Clays Used in Local Constructions from Mbouda Clay Deposit, West Cameroon

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2024年第5期12卷 265-279页

作者： Philémon Zo’o Zame Sylvain Kouayep Lawou Philippe samba Assomo Audrey Erman Moutsou Yannick Lontchi Dzoti Véronique Kamgang Kabeyene Beyala Faculty of Science University of Yaound I Yaound Cameroon Higher Teacher Training College Bertoua University of Bertoua Bertoua Cameroon Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The Mbouda alluvial deposit is located at the foot of the Bamboutos mountains (West Cameroon) where three types of clayey materials are widespread. The populations collect these clays in their natural state in view of constructions using fired bricks or compressed blocks. Unfortunately, these buildings are not strong. This study investigates the causes of the strengthlessness of buildings and suggests solutions to overcome the difficulty. The research content includes field and laboratory studies. The methodology consists of sampling black (AN), white (AB) and red (AR) clays specimens identified in the study area and analysing them simultaneously at MIPROMALO (Cameroon) and at ACME LAB in Vancouver (Canada). The results obtained show a high sand content in the samples AN (64%), AB (55.2%), AR (30.9%). The compressive strength of the built specimens is low at 900˚C considered as the traditional firing temperature AN (0.94 MPa), AB (5.25 MPa), AR (2.18 MPa). The mineralogical series are identically made by kaolinite, chlorite, gibbsite, quartz, muscovite, biotite, goethite, magnetite and hematite. Silica (SiO2) presents higher contents AN (52.87%), AB (48.02%), AR (47.68%) followed by alumina (Al2O3) AN (29.96%), AB (28.13%), AR (24.72%). The other elements are poorly represented.

关键词： Sand Bricks Clays Mechanical Properties Local Constructions

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Infection in Multiple Myeloma: Microbiological Profile and Prognosis in Senegalese Patients

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 47-58页

作者： Seynabou Fall El Hadj Daouda Niang Khadim Sarr Lolita Mariéme Camara-Tall Modou Moustapha Ciss Amy Thiam Aminata Dakono Awa Ndiaye Fatou samba Diago Ndiaye Clinical Hematology Department of Dalal Jamm Hospital Gudiawaye Dakar Sngal Hematology Clinic Unit of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Sngal

Introduction: Infections are additional factors of morbidity and mortality in multiple myeloma (MM), and the current recommendation is antibiotic prophylaxis. In sub-Saharan Africa, few data on infectious complications of MM are available. We aim to describe the microbiological features of infections in MM, and their impact on survival in Senegalese patients. Methods: A retrospective (January 2005-January 2022), analytic, multicenter study on infections in patients followed for MM (IMWG criteria) in Senegalese clinical hematology services. The socio-epidemiological, diagnostic, microbiological, evolutionary and survival aspects were analyzed. Results: The study included 106 patients with multiple myeloma who had an infection at admission or during the treatment. Ten patients have the comorbidity (hypertension, lupus, type 2 diabetes). These patients had 136 infectious events identified at diagnosis (79.2%) or during chemotherapy (20.8%). The sites of infection are lung (42.6%), urinary (29.4%), dermatological (6.6%), digestive (5.2%), osteoarticular (4.4%), ear, nose and throat (3.7%), central nervous system (1.5%), or without site. We recorded 26.4% of patients with multi-site infections. The causal pathogens are bacteria (Gram-negative bacilli: 22.1%;Gram positive bacilli: 9.5%, Mycobacterium tuberculosis: 13.3%), parasitique (plasmodium falciparum 6.6%), viruses (SARS-COV2: 2.9%, VZV: 2.2%) and fungal (2.9%). Survival was reduced in patients who had an infection at the time of multiple myeloma diagnosis (p: 0.189) and those who had multiple infectious foci (p: 0.011). Conclusion: Infections in multiple myeloma are more frequent at diagnosis. The germs are varied and mostly bacteria, particularly gram-negative bacteria, and Kochs bacillus. Our study reveals that multiple infectious foci are a poor prognosis factor. It is necessary to evaluate the infectious risk early, and to adopt an antibiotic prophylaxis based on our tropical environment.

关键词： Multiple Myeloma Infections Tuberculosis Senegal

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Epidemiological, Clinical, Therapeutic, and Evolutionary Aspects of Heart Failure in the Medical Department at Gao Regional Hospital

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第5期14卷 309-321页

作者： Coulibaly Alhousseny Dollo Ibrahim Guindo Hamadoun Sidibé Lamine Mariko Souleymane Traoré Bassirima Dao Karim Guindo Ibrahim Togo Mamadou Sidibé samba Sangaré Ibrahima Ba Hamidou Oumar Ichiaka Menta Departement of Medicine Gao Hospital Gao Mali Departement of Medicine Mopti Regional Hospital Mopti Mali Departement of Medicine Tombouctou Hospital Tombouctou Mali Departement of Cardiology CHU Gabriel TOURE Bamako Mali

Introduction: Heart failure is a major public health pandemic, particularly in Africa, where its prevalence continues to increase. In northern Mali, few data exist, hence the interest of this study with the objective of studying the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of Heart failure at the regional hospital of Gao. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study that took place from July 2022 to June 2023 in the medical department at Gao Hospital. Results: The hospital prevalence of heart failure was 44.1%. The mean age was 47.30 ± 20 years (range: 16-88). Hypertension was the most common with 46.1%, followed by a sedentary lifestyle, and diabetes with 18.2% and 8.3% respectively;NYHA stage III-IV dyspnea was found in 83.9%. Reduced EF heart failure was present in 110 patients (76.9%), seventeen cases with moderately reduced EF (11.9%) and sixteen patients had preserved EF (11.2%). Global heart failure was the dominant (91.6%). The main etiologies of heart failure were dominated by hypertensive heart disease in 46 patients (32.2%), followed by postpartum cardiomyopathy with 43 cases (30.1%), primary dilated cardiomyopathy in 18 patients (12.6%), ischemic heart disease in 16 patients with 11.2%. Seven cases of valvular heart disease, or 4.9%. The evolution was favorable under treatment in 104 patients or 72.7%. In-hospital mortality was 14.7%. Conclusion: Heart failure is a common condition in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in our country.

关键词： Heart Failure Epidemioclinical Progressive Gao Hospital

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Epidemiological, Clinical and Coronary Angiography Aspects of Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Cardiology Department of the Hospital Mother-Child “Le Luxembourg”Mali

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第4期14卷 228-233页

作者： Sidibé samba Toure Mamadou Konate Massama Sankaré Hamma Traoré Ousmane Mahamat Guire Sadik Diall Mahan Ameri Dicko Bahaide Daffe Sanoussy Keita Asmaou Thiam Coumba Adiaratou Diarra Soumaila Menta Ichaka Cardiology Department CHU-M&#232re Enfant Bamako Mali Cardiology Department CHU-Point G Bamako Mali Faculty of Medicine University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako Bamako Mali Cardiology Department CHU-Gabriel Tour&#233 Bamako Mali Cardiology Department Mali Hospital Bamako Mali

Introduction: Cardiac catheterisation plays a fundamental role in the management of acute coronary syndrome. These explorations require heavy, complex and costly equipment and a large team of doctors, nurses and technicians with highly specialized training. Aims: To describe epidemiological, clinical and coronary angiography aspects of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Patients and Methods: Descriptive study from September 2019 to December 2023 in the Cardiology Department of the Hôpital Mère-Enfant of Bamako. Inclusion criteria were patients admitted for coronary angiography with the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Results: During the study period, 1253 patients underwent coronary angiography, 596 of whom had acute coronary syndrome as an indication, representing a hospital frequency of 47%. Sex-ratio was 2.10. Mean age of patients was 58.5 ± 11.39 years. ST elevation acute coronary syndrome was the most common indication with 63.92% of cases. High blood pressure was the main cardiovascular risk factor with 58.7% of cases, and radial access approach was used in 98% of cases. Coronary angiography was pathological in 91.70% of cases (n = 548). Patients with lesions of anterior interventricular artery were 73.73% of cases. Tritruncal lesions accounted for 40.63% of cases. Conclusion: ST elevation acute coronary syndrome is the most frequent manifestation of acute coronary syndrome. Anterior interventricular artery is most often the culprit lesion for our patients.

关键词： Coronary Angiography Acute Coronary Syndrome Bamako Mali

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Evaluation of the Care of Children Aged 0 to 10 Years Hospitalized for Severe Malaria at the Tambacounda Health Center, Senegal

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 581-594页

作者： Tidiane Gadiaga Aminata Fall Alioune Badara Gueye Siré Sagna Bayal Cissé Mouhamadou Faly Ba Médoune Ndiop Babacar Gueye samba Cor Sarr Sylla Thiam Elhadji Ba Konko Ciré Jean Louis Abdou Ndiaye Issa Wone Directorate of Research Planning and Statistics Ministry of Health and Social Action Dakar Senegal Faculty of Medicine Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal Presidents Malaria Initiative USAID Dakar Senegal Tambacounda Health District Ministry of Health and Social Action Tambacounda Senegal Institute of Health and Development Faculty of Medicine Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) Dakar Senegal UFR Sant Faculty of Medicine Iba Der Thiam University of This This Senegal

Introduction: Malaria remains a public health priority in Senegal, particularly in Tambacounda, where it is one of the main causes of child mortality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the care of children under 10 years of age hospitalized at the Tambacounda Health Center and the factors associated with recovery. Methods: An analytical, retrospective, and descriptive cross-sectional study with exhaustive recruitment of children 0 to 120 months hospitalized at the Tambacounda reference health center for severe malaria (according to WHO criteria) between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021 was performed. Data collection was done through a questionnaire. Records, hospitalization records, and treatment records were the sources of collection. Data entry and analysis were performed on Epi Info 7.2 and R. Results: A total of 481 children hospitalized with severe malaria were recruited. The highest number of cases was recorded in 2018 (33.05%). In the four years of the study, peaks were always observed between October and November and the highest peak in November 2020 with 95 cases. The mean age was 65.64 months with a standard deviation of 29.28 months and a predominance of male (53.43%). The majority of people were admitted from the outpatient clinic (57.79%) and the rest (42.21%) on the recommendation of a peripheral health post. All hospitalized patients had a positive RDT and/or a positive thick drop. However, the sharp decline at admission or during hospitalization was positive in 93.80% of patients in our series, negative in 5.20% and not achieved in 1.00%. Seizures and severe anemia topped the list of signs of severity with 45.94% and 8.11%, respectively. In terms of evolution, for all hospitalized patients, there were 81.29% recovery, 10.19% referral to the Tambacounda regional hospital center for hospitalization, 4.99% death, 0.83% discharge and 2.70% unknown evolution. There was a statistically significant association between recovery without referral f

关键词： Severe Malaria Children Tambacounda Senegal

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