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Xyloglucan for Generating Tensile Stress to Bend Tree Stem

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 893-903页

作者： Kei'ichi Baba Yong Woo Park Tomomi Kaku Rumi Kaida Miyuki Takeuchi Masato Yoshida Yoshihiro Hosoo Yasuhisa Ojio Takashi Okuyama Toru Taniguchi Yasunori Ohmiya Teiji Kondo Ziv Shani Oded Shoseyov Tatsuya Awano Satoshi Serada Naoko Norioka Shigemi Norioka Takahisa Hayashi Kyoto University RISH Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan Graduate School of Bioagricultural-Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan Forest Tree Breeding Center Hitachi Ibaraki 319-1301 Japan CBD Technologies Rehovot 76100 Israel Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8502 Japan Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan Institute of Sustainability Science Kyoto University Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan

In response to environmental variation, angiosperm trees bend their stems by forming tension wood, which consists of a cellulose-rich G （gelatinous）-Iayer in the walls of fiber cells and generates abnormal tensile stress in the secondary xylem. We produced transgenic poplar plants overexpressing several endoglycanases to reduce each specific polysaccharide in the cell wall, as the secondary xylem consists of primary and secondary wall layers. When placed horizontally, the basal regions of stems of transgenic poplars overexpressing xyloglucanase alone could not bend upward due to low strain in the tension side of the xylem. In the wild-type plants, xyloglucan was found in the inner surface of G-layers during multiple layering. In situ xyloglucan endotransglucosylase （XET） activity showed that the incorporation of whole xyloglucan, potentially for wall tightening, began at the inner surface layers S1 and S2 and was retained throughout G-layer development, while the incorporation of xyloglucan heptasaccharide （XXXG） for wall loosening occurred in the primary wall of the expanding zone. We propose that the xyloglucan network is reinforced by XET to form a further connection between wall-bound and secreted xyloglucans in order to withstand the tensile stress created within the cellulose G-layer micro fibrils.

关键词： G-layer tensile stress xyloglucan xyloglucan endotransglucosylase

Uncovering the secrets of hidden twists

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National Science Review 2023年第9期10卷 119-120页

作者： oded Hod Michael Urbakh Department of Physical Chemistry School of Chemistry The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science Tel Aviv University

Twisted layered material junctions,and in particular twisted graphene interfaces,exhibit fascinating physical properties of diverse nature including unique structural,tribological,electronic,as well as heat and electron transport characteristics [1].These properties are intimately related to the moire superstructure formed at the twisted interface,which induces atomic lattice reconstruction patterns that balance between inter-layer registry optimization and intra-layer strain minimization [2].

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Using the movement patterns of reintroduced animals to improve reintroduction success

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Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 515-526页

作者： oded BERGER-TAL David SALTZ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles & Applied Animal Ecology Division Institute for Conservation Research San Diego Zoo Global CA USA Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Israel

Despite their importance to conservation, reintroductions are still a risky endeavor and tend to fail, highlighting the need for more efficient post-release monitoring techniques. Reintroduced animals are released into unfamiliar novel environ ments and must explore their surroundings to gain knowledge in order to survive. According to theory, knowledge gain should be followed by subsequent changes to the animal's movement behavior, making movement behavior an excellent indicator of reintroduction progress. We aim to conceptually describe a logical process that will enable the inclusion of behavior (in particular, movement behavior) in management decision-making post-reintroductions, and to do so, we provide four basic components that a manager should look for in the behaviors of released animals. The suggested components are release-site fidelity, recurring locations, proximity to other individuals, and individual variation in movement behavior. These components are by no means the only possible ones available to a manager, but they provide an efficient tool to understanding animals' decision-making based on ecological theory; namely, the exploration-exploitation trade-off that released animals go through, and which underlies their behavior. We demonstrate our conceptual approach using data from two ungulate species reintroduced in Israel: the Persian fallow deer Dama mesopotamica and the Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx [Current Zoology 60 (4): 515-526, 2014] .

关键词：有蹄类动物再引入运动模式动作行为管理决策监测技术环境学习运动行为

Evolutionary innovations of the vertebrates

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第2期2卷 60-67页

作者： oded KHANER Department of Health Sciences Hadassah Academic CollegeJerusalemIsrael

This review concentrates on the greatest anatomical and morphological evolutionary innovations of the vertebrates.During evolution,many new species of vertebrates evolved and underwent modifications by developing new forms,structures and functions of tissues and organ systems.Evolutionary development of the chordates and vertebrates is herein examined in terms of innovations in their organ systems and organismal complexity.Phases during chordate and vertebrate evolutionary history with unusually high rates of increase in morphological complexity are discussed.These increases in complexity in particular chordates and vertebrates coincided with a likely genome duplication event,which resulted in a large increase in genome size and gene number in early vertebrates,and might indicate an increase in complexity.The Hox and Pax gene families are also discussed because both illustrate the relationships between organismal and molecular complexity.Most unique innovations of vertebrates caused major changes in their organismal complexity,and these changes provided new options for future evolutionary development.

关键词： evolutionary development gene family organismal complexity vertebrate innovation

Geometric Bone Modeling:From Macro to Micro Structures

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2010年第3期25卷 614-622页

作者： oded Zaideman Anath Fischer Laboratory for Computer Aided Design & Life Cycle Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technion Israel Institute of Technology

There is major interest within the bio-engineering community in developing accurate and non-invasive means for visualizing, modeling and analyzing bone micro-structures. Bones are composed of hierarchical bio-composite materials characterized by complex multi-scale structural geometry. The process of reconstructing a volumetric bone model is usually based upon CT/MRI scanned images. Meshes generated by current commercial CAD systems cannot be used for further modeling or analysis. Moreover, recently developed methods are only capable of capturing the micro-structure for small volumes （biopsy samples）. This paper examines the problem of re-meshing a 3D computerized model of bone micro- structure. The proposed method is based on the following phases： defining sub-meshes of the original model in a grid-based structure, remeshing each sub-mesh using the neural network （NN） method, and merging the sub-meshes into a global mesh. Applying the NN method to micro-structures proved to be quite time consuming. Therefore, a parallel, grid-based approach was applied, yielding a simpler structure in each grid cell. The performance of this method is analyzed, and the method is demonstrated on real bone micro-structures. Furthermore, the method may be used as the basis for generating a multi-resolution bone geometric model.

关键词： bone modeling micro-structures micro CT （#CT） scanning technology

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具有中国特色的管理学研究

管理学季刊 2017年第1期2卷 1-11页

作者： oded Shenkar 李炜文俄亥俄州立大学费舍尔商学院、中国研究所福特汽车公司不详

在中国,关于组织问题的研究具有上千年的历史,同时它也是世界上运作时间最长的官僚系统。近年来学界对于中国管理的研究兴趣日益增多,然而,这更多的是由于中国经济实力的上升,而并不是因为研究中国能够为学术概念和理论发展带来更多的... 详细信息

在中国,关于组织问题的研究具有上千年的历史,同时它也是世界上运作时间最长的官僚系统。近年来学界对于中国管理的研究兴趣日益增多,然而,这更多的是由于中国经济实力的上升,而并不是因为研究中国能够为学术概念和理论发展带来更多的机会。我在关于中国问题的研究上是一个＂向内窥探的外来者＂（an outsider looking in）,从这个角度出发,本文首先回顾有关中国管理研究的演进过程,这方面的研究一开始仅仅是源于好奇,目前已经具有了合法性;然而关于中国的研究目前仍遭遇到需要套用现有理论与方法的尴尬。本文认为普适主义和本土化研究的模式均不可取,而是应该遵循一种混合型的研究模式（a hybrid approach）,即中国管理研究需要充分利用中国的独特性,从这种独特性出发,研究的最终目的是发展情景化的组织理论和管理模式。

关键词：中国管理本土研究学术普适主义

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Short-term results of incremental penile girth enhancement using liquid injectable silicone： words of praise for a change

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第3期9卷 408-413页

作者： YacovYacobi Alexander Tsivian Roman Grinberg oded Kessler Department of Urologic Surgery E. Wolfson Medical Center Holon 58100 Israel Theomim Clinic Ramat-Gan 52511 Israel

Aim： To report our experience with penile girth augmentation using liquid injectable silicone. Methods： Between August 2003 and July 2006, 324 men （mean age 35 years, range 19-65 years） received a series of liquid silicone subcutaneous injections between the penile skin and the corpora cavernosa on the dorsal and lateral aspects of the penile shaft, under local anesthesia. Digital photographs taken pre- and post-procedure （n = 324）, and penile contour measurements （n = 30） yielded objective results. Subjective results were derived from patient and partner testimony of satisfaction. Follow-up averaged 20 months （range 1-36 months）. Results： Three hundred and twenty-four procedures were primary augmentations. Most men （61%） were married, 7% were accompanied by their partners, and 93% were circumcised. The mean measured penile circumference was 9.5 cm （7.5-11.5 cm） pretreatment and 12.1 cm （10.3-15.3 cm） post-treatment （mean increase of 27% in circumference and 0.84 cm in diameter）. Patient and partner satisfaction was already expressed after the first two treatments. Sexual activity could be resumed after 8 h. Complications （mild bruising） were easily resolved. Conclusion： Penile girth augmentation using liquid injectable silicone yields very satisfactory short-term results with no immediate or short-term complications.

关键词： injectable silicone penile girth augmentation penile contouring

Analysis of incidence of traumatic brain injury in blunt trauma patients with Glasgow Coma Scale of 12 or less

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2018年第3期21卷 152-155页

作者： Alexander Becket Kobi Peleg oded Olsha Adi Givon Boris Kessel Israeli Trauma Group Department of Surgery A Emek Medical Center Afula Israel National Center for Trauma and Emergency Medicine Research Germer Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research Tel Hashomer Israel Surgery Department Shaare Zedek Medical Center Jerusalem Israel Trauma Unit Hillel Yaffe Medical Center Hadera Israel Disaster Medicine Department School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine TelAviv University Israel Rappoport Medical School. Technion. Haifa Israel 不详

Purpose: Early diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is important for improving survival and neurologic outcome in trauma victims. The purpose of this study was to assess whether Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 12 or less can predict the presence of TBI and the severity of associated injuries in blunt trauma patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study including 303,435 blunt trauma patients who were transferred from the scene to hospital from 1998 to 2013. The data was obtained from the records of the National Trauma Registry maintained by Israel's National Center for Trauma and Emergency Medicine Research, in the Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research. All blunt trauma patients with GCS 12 or less were included in this study. Data collected in the registry include age, gender, mechanism of injury, GCS, initial blood pressure, presence of TBI and incidence of associated injuries. Patients younger than 14 years old and trauma victims with GCS 13-15 were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was performed by using Statistical Analysis Software Version 9.2. Statistical tests performed included Chi-square tests. A p -value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were 303,435 blunt trauma patients, 8731 (2.9%) of them with GCS of 3-12 that including 6351 (72%) patients with GCS of 3-8 and 2380 (28%) patient with GCS of 9-12. In these 8731 patients with GCS of 3-12, 5372 (61.5%) patients had TBI. There were total 1404 unstable patients in all the blunt trauma patients with GCS of 3-12, 1256 (89%) patients with GCS 3-8, 148 (11%) patients with GCS 9-12. In the 5095 stable blunt trauma patients with GCS 3-8, 32.4% of them had no TBI. The rate in the 2232 stable blunt trauma patients with GCS 9-12 was 50.1%. In the unstable patients with GCS 3-8, 60.5% of them had TBI, and in subgroup of patients with GCS 9-12, only 37.2% suffered from TBI. Conclusion: The utility of a GCS 12 and less is limited in prediction of brain injury in multiple trauma patients. S

关键词：脑损害格拉斯损伤创伤昏迷统计分析 GCS 测试执行

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Zipf’s Law, Benford’s Law, and Pareto Rule

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2023年第3期13卷 174-180页

作者： oded Kafri Kafri Nihul Ltd. Tel Aviv Israel

From a basic probabilistic argumentation, the Zipfian distribution and Benford’s law are derived. It is argued that Zipf’s law fits to calculate the rank probabilities of identical indistinguishable objects and that Benford’s distribution fits to calculate the rank probabilities of distinguishable objects. i.e. in the distribution of words in long texts all the words in a given rank are identical, therefore, the rank distribution is Zipfian. In logarithmic tables, the objects with identical 1st digits are distinguishable as there are many different digits in the 2nd, 3rd… places, etc., and therefore the distribution is according to Benford’s law. Pareto 20 - 80 rule is shown to be an outcome of Benford’s distribution as when the number of ranks is about 10 the probability of 20% of the high probability ranks is equal to the probability of the rest of 80% low probability ranks. It is argued that all these distributions, including the central limit theorem, are outcomes of Planck’s law and are the result of the quantization of energy. This argumentation may be considered a physical origin of probability.

关键词： Zipf’s Law Benford’s Law Pareto 20 - 80 Rule Planck’s Law Max Entropy