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Early Functional Outcome of Posterior Spinal Decompression for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis at a Tertiary Health Institution, South East Nigeria

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2018年第7期6卷 1-14页

作者： obiora nonso muoghalu Cajetan U. Nwadinigwe Emmanuel C. Iyidobi Ndubuisi N. Duru Udo E. Anyaehie Ikechukwu C. Okwesili Department of Orthopaedics National Orthopaedic Hospital Enugu Nigeria

Background: Surgical treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis by posterior spinal decompression may be indicated if non-surgical management for the symptoms of low back and lower limbs radicular pains is unsuccessful and/or in patients with persisting or worsening neurological deficits. It has been reported to be an effective treatment modality in well selected patients. This procedure is however not without possible complications which can adversely affect the outcome of treatment in the affected patients. This prospective study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the early functional outcome of posterior spinal decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis at our health institution. Method: All patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis admitted for posterior spinal decompression and who met the inclusion criteria were recruited with their written informed consent. The patients’ pain severity and functional disability were assessed preoperatively with visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The VAS and ODI were also used to reassess the patients postoperatively, at 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks respectively. All intraoperative and/or postoperative complications were documented and the results were analyzed. Results: The patients’ mean preoperative lower back pain and leg pain VAS score was 8.26 ± 1.46 while the mean preoperative ODI was 62.4% ±13.56. The commonest combination of spinal decompressive procedure done in the patients was laminectomy + foraminotomy in 10 (25% patients). The most common decompressed spinal level was L4/L5 (89.7%);while almost equal number of patients had either one spinal level or two-spinal level decompression (43.6% and 46.1% respectively). Postoperative pain assessment showed a mean VAS of 3.79 ± 1.15, 2.55 ± 1.27 and 2.00 ± 1.41 at 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks respectively (p = 0.000). Functional outcome assessment with ODI was 34% ± 11.79%, 24% ± 10.75% and 18.12% ± 10.61% at 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 12 weeks res

关键词： Early Functional Outcome Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Posterior Spinal

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Capacity Analysis of an MISO Free-Space Optical Communications Assisted by Concave ORIS

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2023年第3期8卷 295-302页

作者： Frank nonso Igboamalu Alain Richard Ndjiongue Khmaies Ouahada Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment University of JohannesburgJohannesburg 2092South Africa Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Memorial University of NewfoundlandNL A1B 3X5Canada

This paper explores the ergodic channel capacity of multiple-input single-output(MISO)free-space optical(FSO)communication systems,assisted by(optical)re-configurable intelligent surfaces[(O)RIS],made of concave *** the one hand,RIS technology mitigates dead zones in communication ***,it increases the data rate and communication range,enhances the communication channel by making it intelligent,and improves the system’s ***,the RIS technology improves the spectrum and energy efficiencies of the considered *** the other hand,transmitting diversity mitigates deep fade and helps to achieve beamforming to regulate the beam sent in a specific ***,multiple light sources help to send different versions of the same information at other time ***,compared to flat reflectors,concave mirrors provide economic advantages enabled by their natural shape,which helps converge the impinging light beams into the same focal *** this paper,we harness the full potential of ORIS and MISO technologies in an FSO system by exploiting the hollow of concave reflectors to focus the reflected beams on a single *** derive an approximated closed-form expression,provide results of the proposed ORIS-aided FSO systems’ergodic channel capacity,and discuss the suitable type of concave *** results show that all types of concave mirrors provide similar results except when the thickness of the reflector is large enough to impact the reflected light.

关键词： ORIS concave reflectors MISO FSO communication systems ergodic channel capacity

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肥胖对全膝关节置换术的影响

肥胖对全膝关节置换术的影响

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作者： Samuel nonso Nwofor 浙江大学

学位级别：硕士

世界卫生组织显示患肥胖症的人自1980年以来已经增加了一倍多。无论在发达国家还是在发展中国家,肥胖的发病率都已经几乎达到流行病的程度。在2013年,世界健康组织统计全世界约有4200万五岁儿童超重或肥胖。2014年全球有超过20亿成年人... 详细信息

世界卫生组织显示患肥胖症的人自1980年以来已经增加了一倍多。无论在发达国家还是在发展中国家,肥胖的发病率都已经几乎达到流行病的程度。在2013年,世界健康组织统计全世界约有4200万五岁儿童超重或肥胖。2014年全球有超过20亿成年人体重超标,其中大约6亿成人(18岁及以上)被诊断为肥胖症,肥胖患者的总数,已达到世界成人人口的13%。同年我国总人口5.9%面临肥胖。肥胖导致各种疾病的发生并成为死亡的最重要原意之一。目前,肥胖的定义指是可明显升高心脏病、糖尿病、血压高(高血压)、胆结石、骨关节炎、癌症等疾病风险的身体脂肪过度积累。肥胖发生时消耗的热量和消耗的卡路里失衡。身体质量指数(BMI)是衡量肥胖的标准评估手段。身体质量指数的计算方法为体重(KG)除以身高(m)的平方。根据世界健康组织,体重指数为25到29.9之间的人超重。体重指数大于或等于30为肥胖。肥胖可再细分成三个级别,轻度肥胖指的是体重指数为30至34.9;中等指的是身体质量指数的35至39.9;重度肥胖是身体质量指数大于或等于40。身体质量指数升高可对人体关节,尤其是膝盖带来持续的压力和应力,造成膝关节骨性关节炎导致的膝盖关节软骨退化。进一步导致关节退行性疾病或退行性关节炎综合征,成为关节的最常见的慢性疾病之一。它主要影响膝盖、臀部、下背部和颈部,以及手指的小关节。骨关节炎长期以来被视为随着时间的推移,关节过度使用导致。然而,如今科学家广泛把它看作一种疾病的联合;办公自动化的发展以及一些例如基因、重量、损伤和过度使用等因素也是造成骨关节炎的重要原因。遗传的特征,如软骨再生基因缺陷可能导致骨骼形成缺陷,并导致软骨磨损加快。即便如此,此外骨性关节炎还受多重危险因素的影响。这些风险因素是大致划分：遗传因素,;先天因素(例如,老龄化、女性、肥胖、高骨密度),生物力学风险的因素(例如,关节损伤,职业使用,肌肉力量不足、关节松弛,排列错乱)等等。骨关节炎是一种缓慢进展的疾病,它通常始于体力劳动或运动后的小关节疼痛,其严重程度常取决于具体关节以及其严重程度。最常见显著的骨关节炎症状通常包括疼痛、僵硬,特别是在早晨。休息后或在姿势调整后缓解。膝关节是最常受骨关节炎累及的关节;它会明显加重老年人和肥胖人群中的疾病负担并可能导致残疾。因此,预计全膝关节置换术的需求上升将持续上升。然而,全膝置换手术并不适用于所有的膝关节骨性关节炎患者其手术结局,也并非尽如人意。目前接受全膝关节置换术的患者大多数在65至74岁之间。年轻患者的全膝置换手术后可能会需要至少一次翻修手术,导致病人满意度明显下降。关节一般代表两个或更多不同的骨头,可以附加由骨软骨,纤维组织及真正的关节腔(滑膜关节) 之间的连接处。膝关节是人体最大滑膜关节,它也是最复杂的关节之一。它被形成的三个空间。膝关节包含四个不同的骨头,通过支持带、肌肉、关节囊、韧带、半月板、肌腱、滑囊和髌下脂肪体相连。这种坚固的结构为膝关节的高强度运动提供保障并因此承受巨大的生物力学应力和应变。运动学定义了膝关节在冠状面、矢状面和水平平面的运动。膝盖是被视为传统铰接,虽然也发生一些”杠杆旋转以适应膝关节屈伸过程中复杂曲面。膝盖关节运动有原则上6个自由度：包括前、后、,内,外,屈,伸。身体的重量通过沿下肢机械轴(假想的线)传递。这条线从髋关节中心开始,并持续到脚踝,经过膝关节正中央。这理想的机械轴的改变显示为膝外翻或内翻畸形。对线不良将增加膝关节承受的盈利并加重膝关节损害,进一步加重膝关节退变 (继发性骨关节炎)。膝关节手术的目的是恢复正常的对线和正常化的步态。行走时,膝关节承受的压力超过体重2-到4倍。此负载的大约50-100%,通过半月板承受。膝关节半月板可以视为增加股骨髁和胫骨平台之间接触面积的重要联合适配器,在健康膝关节的盈利传递中发挥重要作用。后半月板切除后,受力集中在更小的地区,导致高的峰值负载和增强磨损。交叉韧带同时引起相应骨骼的滚动和滑动以使膝关节保持良好的接触面和稳定性。交叉韧带主要作用为稳定膝关节特别是向前和向后的方向,而其他两条韧带4栏系统(侧副韧带)通过提供足够大的内外侧支持稳定和加强膝关节。外侧副韧带作用为抑制内翻和防止过度内旋。前交叉韧带的主要功能是防止股骨胫骨前移。此韧带的另一个功能是一直胫骨的内翻或外翻旋转,原因是胫骨的特殊解剖位置容易导致导致内外侧副韧带松弛。前交叉韧带的第三种功能是抵制胫骨内旋。后交叉韧带的主要功能维持膝关节屈曲并防止膝关节后脱位(使用抽屉试验测试)。后纵韧带也从外部旋转中增加膝关节屈曲胫骨。出于这些原因,后纵韧带在全膝关节置换术中保留还保留提供正常运动学回滚的股骨胫骨,膝关节生物力学和有助于保持杠杆臂的股四头肌在膝关节屈曲。全膝关节置换术又称为全膝关节表面置换术,是膝盖承重表面置换以

关键词：身体质量指数肥胖关节炎全膝关节置换术

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An Optimal DASH Diet Model for People with Hypertension Using Linear Programming Approach

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Open Journal of Optimization 2016年第1期5卷 14-21页

作者： Anayo Charles Iwuji Mercy Nnanna nonso Ifeyinwa C. Ndulue Department of Statistics Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria

Selecting diets by quantitative techniques is becoming increasingly common. Linear programming is the most popular technique for the selection of least cost mixes of food to meet specific nutritional requirements for a particular group of persons for either general health or disease-related reason. Hypertension is a silent killer and its prevalence rate especially in the developing countries, which has been mostly associated to demographic, environmental and genetic factors, is becoming alarming. The DASH diet has been clinically proven to prevent and control hypertension. In this paper, a model that provides a Daily Optimal (minimum cost) DASH Diet plan for people with hypertension is formulated. The objective is to obtain daily minimum cost diet plans that satisfy the DASH Diets’ nutrients Tolerable Upper and Lower Intake for different daily Calorie Levels. The formulated DASH diet model was further illustrated using real data set with food samples gotten from the DASH eating plan chart. A DASH diet model for a hypertensive person with a 2000-daily-caloric need was formulated and its optimal diet plan for a day obtained with a total cost of 944.41 Naira. Optimal diet plans for other recommended daily calorie levels were also obtained.

关键词： DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Hypertension Minimum Cost Diet Plan Linear Programming Diet Problem

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Arthroplasty versus Internal Fixation for Displaced Intracapsular Femoral Neck Fracture in the Elderly： Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Short- and Long-term Effectiveness

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Chinese Medical Journal 2016年第21期129卷 2630-2638页

作者： Chen-Yi Ye An Liu Ming-Yuan Xu Nwofor Samuel nonso Rong-Xin He Department of Orthopedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310009 China Department of Plastic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310009 China

Background：There is conflicting evidence as to whether the femoral head should be preserved or replaced in elderly patients with displaced intracapsular femoral neck *** this article,we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the short-and long-term effectiveness of arthroplasty （AR） and internal fixation （IF）.Methods：PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library were searched systematically up to January *** randomized controlled trials directly comparing the effectiveness of AR and IF for displaced intracapsular fracture were retrieved with no limitation on language or publication ***：In total,eight prospective randomized studies involving 2206 patients were *** results of our study showed that patients in the AR group reported significantly lower complication （risk ratio：0.56,95% confidence interval [CI] =0.38-0.80）,re-operation （risk ratio：0.17,95% CI =0.13-0.22）,revision rates （risk ratio：0.11,95% CI：0.08-0.16）,and better function compared with their IF counterparts,and they were less likely to suffer postoperative *** statistically significant differences for the rates of mortality,infection,and/or deep vein thrombosis between AR and IF were ***：Based on our analysis,we recommend that AR should be used as the primary treatment for displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures in the ***,IF may be appropriate for those who are very frail.

关键词： Arthroplasty Internal Fixation Femoral Neck Fracture

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Women, Conflict and Politics： Assessing Margaret Ekpo＇s Approach to Political Emancipation and Liberation in Nigeria

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Sociology Study 2012年第4期2卷 252-260页

作者： nonso N. Bisong E. E. Andrew-Essien University of Calabar Nigeria

For generations, the potential of Nigerian women to contribute effectively to national development seems to be suppressed by many factors which cut across religious, environmental and cultural constraints. Consequently, women have strongly resolved to renegotiate their relevance through the adoption and utilization of various initiatives. At the forefront, one of these initiatives early in time was Margaret Ekpo （1914-2006）, a Nigerian female political activist who unilaterally began radical movements in parts of Nigeria to transform the political consciousness of the Nigerian women, and to reverse gender-related inequalities in the country. This paper sets out to evaluate her approaches to what could be described as political re-engineering. It develops a framework drawing from theories of conflict resolution and the principles of liberalism and feminism. Findings show that despite of the limited formal education and political ideologies to which she was exposed to, she was able to rise above the prevailing challenges of her time to build a firm pedestal upon which many women politicians in Nigeria have stood to launch themselves to political limelight. The study concludes that the principles of liberalism and a desire to foster the political development of Nigeria account for Margaret Ekpo＇s venture into the political field.

关键词： Margaret Ekpo women conflict politics emancipation

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新型CTS硼盐水凝胶的制备及其对木材防腐效果的研究

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林业科技 2021年第6期46卷 37-43页

作者： NNADOZIE nonso Vincent 郭明项鹏程耿照明方涛浙江农林大学化学与材料工程学院浙江杭州311300

利用N-叔丁氧羰基-L-组氨酸(C_(11)H_(17)N_(3)O_(4))、辛胺与叔丁氧β-丙氨酸反应生成2种肌肽表面活性剂(H3N-His 1,NH_(3)-β2),利用2种表面活性剂与壳聚糖合成两种超分子壳聚糖水凝胶(Acetylated L-Glu-β-Ala-His-NHC_(8)H_(17),H_(a))与(Acetylated L-Glu-His-NHC_(8)H_(17),H_(b))。并将易流失的硼盐分别包埋固定在H_(a)与H_(b)两种水凝胶的三维网络状内腔中,形成2种新型的凝胶型防腐材料。使用H_(a)和H_(b)水凝胶浸渍的木块进行防腐防霉性能测试。结果表明,水凝胶具有良好的防腐效果。考察该新型水凝胶防腐剂在木材中的应用,发现其提高了木材试块的防腐性能,减少了硼盐流失率,其提高了木材尺寸的稳定性,预防霉防腐。

关键词：水凝胶木材防腐硼盐壳聚糖

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Factors Confronting the Present-Day Construction Practices in South-East, Nigeria: The Professionals’ View

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2021年第2期9卷 160-169页

作者： Fidelis Okechukwu Ezeokoli Chiagozie Bertrand nonso Bert-Okonkwor MIchael Ikechukwu Okongwu Daniel Oluwatayomi Fadumo Christian Ifeanyi Ohaedeghasi Ngozi Marykate Okoye Department of Building Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

The study evaluates the factors confronting the present-day construction practices in South-East Nigeria. Being a survey research, questionnaires containing information relating to factors/challenges affecting construction practices were randomly administered to selected construction practitioners in South-Eastern States of Nigeria. Accordingly, a total of 240 questionnaires were administered to the selected respondents while 160 copies were completed, returned and found useful. Thus, giving a response rate of 66.67%. Data collected were analysed and presented using percentages, mean scores, principal and factor analysis, z-test and tables. The study found that the core factors that constrain present-day construction in the study area are issues related to inadequate/dearth of technical and managerial expertise, corruption and poor project planning and control;which significantly affect operational effectiveness of the construction industry in the study area. Therefore, the study concluded by recommending that thorough capacity building through training or retraining programme which should centre on areas of the issues identified should be religiously pursued in the study area.

关键词： Construction Present-Day Construction Practices Construction Industry Construction Professional South-East Nigeria

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