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Flavonoid-rich fraction of the Monodora tenuifolia seed extract attenuates behavioural alterations and oxidative damage in forced-swim stressed rats

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2015年第3期13卷 183-191页

作者： EKEANYANWU Raphael Chukwuma njoku obioma uzoma Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Imo State University Owerri Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka

The antidepressant effects of the flavonoid-rieh fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract were examined by assess- ing the extent of attenuation of behavioural alterations and oxidative damage in the rats that were stressed by forced swim test. Com- pared with the model control group, the altered behavioural parameters were attenuated significantly （P 〈 0.05） in the group treated with the flavonoid-rich fraction （100 and 200 mg·kg^-1）, comparable to the group treated with the standard drug, fluoxetine （10 mg·kg^-1）. The flavonoid-rich fraction and fluoxetine improved significantly （P 〈 0.05） the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as other biochemical parameters such as reduced glutathione, protein, and nitrite in the brain of the stressed rats. These results suggested that the flavonoid-rich fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract exerted the antidepres- sant-like effects which could be useful in the management of stress induced disease.

关键词： Monodora tenuifolia Antidepressant Forced swim test Depression Oxidative damage

Human biomonitoring of novel brominated flame retardants:A review on invasive and non-invasive biomarkers

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 374-385页

作者： Oluwatoyin M.Olagoke Temilola O.Oluseyi Kelechi L.njoku Stuart Harrad Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of LagosAkokaLagos101017Nigeria Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of LagosAkokaLagos101017Nigeria School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUnited Kingdom

Novel brominated flame retardants(NBFRs)are a group of chemicals applied mainly as alternatives to the phased-out polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs).However,toxicological studies show that NBFRs may pose health risks similar to *** present study reviews available information on the biomonitoring of NBFRs and their metabolites in humans through invasive and non-invasive biomarkers,as well as the toxicological effects of these chemicals both in vivo and in *** general,higher concentrations of NBFRs were reported in tissues of occupationally exposed adults from NBFR production facilities,e-waste recycling facilities and inhabitants living close to these areas,compared to the general *** is worth noting that NBFR human biomonitoring data are limited to few countries located in North America,Europe and Asia,while data from developing countries are *** from in vivo and in vitro toxicity studies show that several NBFRs can cause adverse health effects through various modes of action,mainly:hormone disruption,genotoxicity,endocrine disruption,and behavioural *** few studies have investigated the biotransformation of NBFRs in humans,evidence suggests that the toxicity of some NBFRs may be augmented through their metabolites,as in the case of 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoic acid(TBBA),which may exhibit higher toxicity than its parent compound 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate(EH-TBB).More research is required to assess toxicity thresholds,toxic endpoints,and tolerable intakes for various NBFRs,and their metabolites in *** epidemiological studies are highly recommended to further understand the risk arising from human exposure to different NBFRs,particularly in occupational settings.

关键词： NBFRs Human biomonitoring Human exposure Biomarkers Metabolites

Effect of methanol extract of Synsepalum dulcificum pulp on some biochemical parameters in albino rats

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第3期3卷 233-240页

作者： Nkwocha Chinelo njoku obioma uzoma Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of Nigeria NsukkaEnugu StateNigeria

Objective:To determine the beneficial effects of the methanol extract of Synsepalum dulcificum on some biochemical ***:In this study,rats were orally administered(gavage)with methanol extracts at doses of 0 mg/kg(Group 1,as normal group),100 mg/kg(Group 2),200 mg/kg(Group 3)and 500 mg/kg(Group 4)body weight per day for 28 ***:Acute toxicity study showed that the methanol extract was not toxic to rats up to 5000 mg/*** the results,the 100 mg/kg doses of the extract significantly(P<0.05)reduced serum levels of bilirubin,low density lipoprotein,alanine aminotransferase and glucose after 14 d compared with those after 28 d.A significant difference(P<0.05)was observed in the malondialdehyde and serum protein concentration in Group 4 while glucose concentration decreased significantly(P<0.05)in Group 1 and Group 4 after 14 d compared with 28 *** high density lipoprotein significantly increased(P<0.05)in Group ***:The fruit has no negative effect on some biochemical parameters in albino rats.

关键词： Synsepalum dulcificum Methanol extract Biochemical parameters Histology Rats

Determination of Natural Logarithm of Diffusion Coefficient and Activation Energy of Thin Layer Drying Process of Ginger Rhizome Slices

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第1期12卷 213-228页

作者： Austin Ikechukwu Gbasouzor Sam Nna Omenyi Sabuj Mallik Jude E. njoku Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering College of Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing and Built Environment School of Engineering University of Derby Derby UK Faculty of Engineering and Science University of Greenwich Kent UK

This study is an extension of the previous work done with ARS-680 Environmental Chamber. Drying is a complex operation that demands much energy and time. Drying is essentially important for preservation of ginger rhizome. Drying of ginger was modeled, and then the effective diffusion coefficient and activation energy were determined. For this purpose, the experiments were done at six levels of varied temperatures: 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C and 60°C. The values of effective diffusion coefficients obtained in this work for the variously treated ginger rhizomes closely agreed with the average effective diffusion coefficients of other notable authors who determined the drying kinetics and convective heat transfer coefficients of ginger slices.

关键词： Activation Energy Diffusion Coefficients Ginger Rhizomes Drying Model Drying Time Moisture Ratio Thin Layer

Analysis of the Digital Skill Gap of Agricultural Extension Personnel in South-East, Nigeria

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1057-1070页

作者： Ogbonnaya Okoro Aja Chigozie Cyril Asiabaka Anthony Okorie Ani Edna Chioma Matthews-njoku Department of Agricultural Extension Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

The study analysed the digital skill gap of agricultural extension personnel on the use of digital technologies for extension services delivery in South-East, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of agricultural extension personnel in South-East Nigeria and identify the digital skill gaps among agricultural extension personnel in the area of study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 364 Agricultural Extension personnel for the study. Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaire and were analysed using simple descriptive statistical tools such as percentages, mean score, and standard deviation. Findings indicated that most of the personnel were male (57.8%), within the age bracket of 38 - 47 years (62.9%), had ***./HND as their highest educational qualification (74.7%), married (86.3%), and had a household size of 6 - 10 Persons (57.7%). It was further revealed that the majority (70.1%) were members of professional organization, earned a monthly income of N50,001.00 - N100,000.00 (65.7%), had a work experience of 11 - 15 years (51.1%), and owned a smartphone/ iPad/laptop (91.5%). Findings further indicated that they had moderate skill gap in Basic Computer skills (Mean = 4.32), and digital communication and collaboration skills (Mean = 4.26). Findings also showed that they had a high skill gap in digital technical skills (Mean = 2.46), digital data analysis skills (Mean = 2.09), digital content creation skills (Mean = 2.43), digital ethical skills (Mean = 2.79), multimedia production skills (Mean = 2.81), and video library management skills (Mean = 2.39). The study concluded that though there exists a high digital skill gap among agricultural extension personnel in South-East, Nigeria, their socioeconomic characteristics are capable of supporting the implementation of digital extension services in the area. The study recommended that the management of Agricultural Development Programs in

关键词： Agricultural Extension Personnel Socioeconomic Characteristics Digital Skill Gap South-East Nigeria

Comparative Study of the Socioeconomic Characteristics and Digital Literacy Level of Agricultural Extension Personnel in Imo and Ebonyi States, South-East, Nigeria

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第2期15卷 230-245页

作者： Ogbonnaya Okoro Aja Cyril Chigozie Asiabaka Anthony Okorie Ani Edna Chioma Matthews-njoku Department of Agricultural Extension Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

The study comparatively analysed the socioeconomic characteristics and digital literacy level of Agricultural Extension personnel (AEP) in Ebonyi and Imo States, South-East, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of agricultural extension personnel in Ebonyi and Imo States, and to ascertain the digital literacy level of AEP in the studied states. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 312 Agricultural Extension personnel (132 from Ebonyi State Agricultural Development Program and 180 from Imo State Agricultural Development Program) for the study. Data were collected through the use of validated and structured questionnaire, and administered through the help of well-trained enumerators. Data were analysed using simple descriptive statistical tools such as percentages mean score, standard deviation and weighted mean. Findings indicated that they were more male in the both States (55.3% and 57.8%) for Ebonyi and Imo State respectively and that the average age of AEP in Ebonyi and Imo States were 44.7 years and 49.2 years respectively. It was further revealed that the majority (77.3% and 82.8%) had ***./HND as their highest academic qualifications, belonged to professional organisations (62.1% and 75%), and were earning an average monthly income of N58,798 and N62,648 for Ebonyi and Imo State respectively. Also, it was revealed that their mean years of service were 12.4 years and 13.4 years for Ebonyi and Imo State respectively. Almost all of them (87.9% and 95.0%) own a smartphone, had access to the internet (80.3% and 90.0%), but do not own a laptop/ipad (82.6% and 72.8%) for Ebon-yi and Imo State respectively. Results further revealed that Agricultural extension personnel in both Ebonyi and Imo State respectively had low digital literacy level ( = 2.41 and 2.32). The study concluded that AEP in Ebonyi and Imo State respectively had similar socioeconomic characteristics and low level of digital literacy. The study

关键词： Agricultural Extension Personnel Digital Literacy Ebonyi State Imo State Socioeconomic Characteristics

The second brain in Parkinson’s disease: fact or fantasy?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第8期17卷 1737-1738页

作者： Nehal Yemula Paul njoku Joseph Takyi James Paget University Hospital Lowestoft Road Gorleston-on-SeaGreat YarmouthUK Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Colney LaneNorwichUK Pinderfields Hospital Aberford WayWakefieldUK

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a movement disorder characterized by reduced dopamine levels due to degeneration of the substantia *** clinical presentation is underlined by bradykinesia,postural instability,and *** is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide,with a huge monetary *** the United States alone,it is estimated that in 2017,the total economic cost was$51.9 billion,and projected to surpass$79 billion by *** research has been conducted into the pathophysiology and clinical implications of the *** neurodegenerative disorder itself,the entity involving the brain-gut axis has been a fundamental model in understanding the disease *** so than ever in PD,the association between gut health and neurological disease is gaining momentum,with the fascinating idea of influencing neurological health by treating the gut.

关键词： degeneration clinical dopamine

Physico-Chemical Soil Properties and Their Correlations with Maize and Cassava Production in Ebonyi, Nigeria

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American Journal of Climate Change 2020年第1期9卷 34-51页

作者： Fidelis Chinazor Okorie John Didacus njoku Emmanuel uzoma Onweremadu Martin Chidinma Iwuji Department of Geography and Environmental Management Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Environmental Technology Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria Department of Soil Science Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

This study analyzed relationships between soil properties and food crop production in Ebonyi State of southeast Nigeria. Free survey was conducted after three zones (Agbaja, Akaeze and Ikwo) in the state were purposely selected for representation of the soil sampling. Two types of sampling were conducted;Auger sampling at 0 - 20 and 20 - 40 cm depths and soil profile sampling. Annual crop yield data on maize and cassava for the state from 1988 to 2017 were collected from Agriculture Development Program. Variations in properties among soil horizons were obtained using coefficient of variations while soil parameters were regressed against crop yields to establish their relationships. Results showed that fine sand, total sand, bulk density, total porosity, soil pH, and available phosphorus significantly (p = 0.05) differ from 0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm depths. Also, cassava yield correlated negatively with base saturation, and organic matter at 0.05 probability level;with exchangeable Ca and Na at 0.01 probabilities level but correlated positively with bulk density and available water capacity at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively. Similarly, maize yield correlated negatively with available phosphorus and total nitrogen at 0.05 probability level;and with total porosity and exchangeable Ca at 0.01 probability level;and then correlated positively with available water capacity, and bulk density, at 0.01 probability level;with coarse sand at 0.05 probability level. However, soils of Ebonyi State are fertile but some of the chemical properties are still low, therefore, it is paramount to improve the quality of the soil to achieve improved food security in the state.

关键词： Soil Parameters Crop Yield Relationships Food Security Ebonyi State Nigeria

Antifertility and profertility effects of the leaves and seeds of fluted pumpkin:Sperm quality,hormonal effects and histomorphological changes in the testes of experimental animal models

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第2期19卷 104-110页

作者： Rex-Clovis C.njoku Sunny O.Abarikwu Department of Chemistry&Molecular Biology Alex Ekwueme-Federal UniversityNdufu-AlikeIkwoP.M.B.1010AbakalikiNigeria Department of Biochemistry University of Port HarcourtChoba.P.M.B.5323Port HarcourtNigeria

Fluted pumpkin(FP;Telfairia occidentalis)is an edible vegetable,grown in West Africa,that is used in traditional medicine for its regulatory effects on the male *** articles concerning the effects of FP were identified by searching PubMed,PubChem,Scopus,Springer,ResearchGate,Google Scholar and Web of Science;this literature was to better understand the effects of FP seed(FPS)and leaf(FPL)extracts on the *** showed that in experimental animals extracts of FPL and FPS at 1/100 of the lethal dose promoted testis regeneration and improved testosterone concentration and sperm quality,while at higher doses they had antifertility *** extracts of FPS and FPL,including ethanol,aqueous,methanol and hydroethanolic,had protective effects on the testes of study animals at lower doses(>50 mg/kg body weight),but at higher doses(>200 mg/kg body weight)they inhibited hormone synthesis,sperm quality and histomorphological structure,under both normal and disease *** posttreatment effects of FPS on the gonads were reversible in young mature rats and FPS had slight systemic toxic ***,there are inconsistencies in some of the published results,the current evidence suggests that FPS and FPL have both profertility and reversible antifertility effects in experimental animals.

关键词： Fluted pumpkin Sperm Male reproduction Seeds Fertility