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Socio-Demographic and Occupational Aspects of HIV-HBV Co-Infection in Bangui, Central African Republic (CAR): Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 310-321页

作者： Gaspard Tékpa Hermione Dahlia Mossoro-Kpinde Jessy Guylaine Nazilari gertrude Komoyo Saint Calvaire Henri Diémer Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de lAmiti Bangui Central African Rpublic (CAR) Dpartement de Mdecine Facult des Sciences de la Sant Universit de Bangui Bangui Central African Republic (CAR) Direction de la Mdecine du Travail Ministre du Travail de lemploi et de la Protection Sociale Bangui Central African Rpublic (CAR) Dpartement de Sant Publique Facult des Sciences de la Sant Universit de Bangui Bangui Central African Rpublic (CAR)

Objective: HIV-HBV co-infection is a major public health problem that has not been sufficiently explored in the Central African workplace. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of HIV-HBV co-infection among people who living with HIV (PLHIV) in the infectious and tropical diseases department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de lAmiti Sino-Centrafricaine in Bangui. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2021 in the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department at the Amiti Sino-Centrafricaine University Hospital. It included the files of all PLHIV, which included the results of HBV serology. A standardized form was used to collect socio-demographic and professional data by documentary review. Data was analysed using Epi-Info 7 software. Means, proportions were calculated as well as Chi square witch was significant if p-value was below 0.05. Results: The study included 265 patients, 188 were women (70.1%) and 77 men (29.1%), giving a sex ratio of 0.45. Mean age was 35.8 years, higher in men (40 years) than in women (35.8 years) (p 0.0001). The age groups 25 to 34 (37.7%) and 35 to 44 (33.6%) were in the majority (71.3%). The majority of PLHIV were unemployed (57.1%), including housewives (43.0%). HBV prevalence was 14.3%, including 7.2% among the unemployed, who account for half of all co-infections. The search for associations between HIV-HBV co-infection and all socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status) and socio-professional categories showed no significant difference (p 0.05). Conclusion: PLHIV were predominantly young adults, female, and unemployed;no occupation was significantly associated with co-infection. The vast majority of co-infected people were not covered by the occupational health system (unemployed or informal sector). Urgent action is needed to improve workers access to occupational medicine in CAR.

关键词： People Living with HIV HIV-HBV Co-Infection Occupation Informal Sector

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Assessing the Efficacy of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) Extracts in Combating Black Pod Disease: Sustainable Solutions for Controlling Phytophthora megakarya in Cameroon’s Cocoa Plantations

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 519-537页

作者： gertrude Membang James Michel Tchotet Tchoumi Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong Emmanuel Yvan Mba Ela Sylvere Landry Lontsi Dida Ludovic Tchuenkam Tsango Pascal Loïc Ekango Mbondjo Fritz Oben Tabi Innovative Plant Health Laboratory Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA)-Bafia Annex University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon IDepartment of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Phytopathology and Crop Protection Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The use of plant extracts as antifungal agents is gaining increasing attention, particularly for the control of black pod disease in cocoa. Despite extensive research, current strategies haven’t been entirely effective. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Cymbopogon citratus and Blumea balsamifora leaf extracts, both individually and in combination, against Phytophthora megakarya. We assessed the efficacy of the most promising combination (75% B. balsamifera, 25% C. citratus) after storage at room temperature for up to 9 days. Agar microdilution and in vivo bioassays were conducted to determine antifungal susceptibility and effectiveness. Blumea extract exhibited the highest overall inhibitory activity, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (117 µl mL−1) while C. citratus had a narrower range of MIC (146 to 233 µl mL−1). The combination of C. citratus and B. balsamifera demonstrated a synergistic effect against P. megakarya, achieving growth inhibition on V8 media (92.72 ± 4.20% to 100%) and on artificially infected detached pod cortex (92.24 ± 4.53% to 98.75 ± 1.25%), which was not significantly different from the positive control (Ridomil). Furthermore, this combination maintained its effectiveness for up to 9 days at room temperature. These findings suggest that combining plant extracts can enhance their antifungal properties.

关键词： Plant Extracts Antifungal Agents Synergistic Effect Black Pod Disease Cocoa

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Application of Predictive Model for Efficient Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Yield in the Face of Climate Variability in Enugu State, Nigeria

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第2期13卷 361-389页

作者： Emeka Bright Ogbuene Tonia Nkiru Nwobodo obia.uju gertrude a.oh Achoru Fred Emeka Josiah C. Ogbuka Vivian Amarachi Ozorme Andrew M. Oroke obiageli Jacinta Okolo Anwara obia.uju Amara E. S. Enemuo Centre for Environmental Management and Control (CEMAC) University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Geography University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Geography and Meteorology Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) Enugu Nigeria School of Civil Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK

Climate variability as occasioned by conditions such as extreme rainfall and temperature, rainfall cessation, and irregular temperatures has considerable impact on crop yield and food security. This study develops a predictive model for cassava yield (Manihot esculenta Crantz) amidst climate variability in rainfed zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. This study utilized data of climate variables and tonnage of cassava yield spanning from 1971 to 2012;as well as information from a questionnaire and focus group discussion from farmers across two seasons in 2023 respectively. Regression analysis was employed to develop the predictive model equation for seasonal climate variability and cassava yield. The rainfall and temperature anomalies, decadal change in trend of cassava yield and opinion of farmers on changes in rainfall season were also computed in the study. The result shows the following relationship between cassava and all the climatic variables: R2 = 0.939;P = 0.00514;Cassava and key climatic variables: R2 = 0.560;P = 0.007. The result implies that seasonal rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours and radiation parameters are key climatic variables in cassava production. This is supported by computed rainfall and temperature anomalies which range from −478.5 to 517.8 mm as well as −1.2˚C to 2.3˚C over the years. The questionnaire and focus group identified that farmers experienced at one time or another, late onset of rain, early onset of rain or rainfall cessation over the years. The farmers are not particularly sure of rainfall and temperature characteristics at any point in time. The implication of the result of this study is that rainfall and temperature parameters determine the farming season and quantity of productivity. Hence, there is urgent need to address the situation through effective and quality weather forecasting network which will help stem food insecurity in the study area and Nigeria at large. The study made recommendations such as a

关键词： Climate Variability Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Predictive Model Yield

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Retinoblastoma: The Situation in Burkina Faso over Ten Years

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第3期14卷 175-195页

作者： Amadou Ouattara Anicet Corneille Beremwidougou Paté Sankara Mariam Traore Dolo Tierinyê Armand Meda Windinmanégdé Pierre Djiguimde Rolande Kabore Chantal Gabrielle Bouda gertrude Augustine Meda Hien Jerome Sanou Jean Wenceslas Diallo Ahgbatouhabeba Zabsonre Ahnoux Ophthalmology Department Regional University Hospital of Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Regional University Hospital of Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso National Center for the Fight against Blindness Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University Hospital of Sour Sanou Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Nouna District Hospital Nouna Burkina Faso University Hospital of Bogodogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University Hospital of Yalgado Ouedraogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Context: In Burkina Faso, there is only one retinoblastoma treatment center located in the capital. Nowadays, the treatment of retinoblastoma has benefited from the contribution of scientific progress. Objective: The aim was to take stock of the situation of retinoblastoma in the pediatric oncology department from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection over a 10-year period, based on records of patients admitted to pediatric oncology department of CHU-YO. Data were analysed using CS Pro version 7.2 software. Categorical variables were compared using Pearsons Chi-square test at the 5% significance level. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Operational definitions were used for lost to follow-up, consultation and diagnosis delays. Results: We collected a total of 204 cases in 10 years, i.e. an annual average of 20.4 cases/year. The mean age at diagnosis was 37.5 months for unilateral cases and 26.4 months for bilateral cases. Male predominance was noted, with a sex ratio of 1.31. The majority of patients came from disadvantaged backgrounds (72% farming fathers and 91% housewives). Clinically, leukocoria and exophthalmos were the main presenting features. The average time to consultation was long (8.73 months) and unilateral localization was predominantly unilateral at 77%. In terms of treatment, 102 patients were eligible for curative treatment and 80 for palliative treatment. The prognosis was poor, with 41% death and numerous cases of lost to follow-up (18%). Overall survival was estimated at 32%. The factor associated with the lethality of retiniblastoma was the extension of the tumor to other organs. Conclusion: Recognition of the early clinical signs of retinoblastoma can anticipate the occurrence of this cancer. Health professionals should be encouraged to perform the Buckner test every time they come into contact with children aged 0 t

关键词： Retinoblastoma Prognosis Pediatric Oncology CHU-YO Burkina Faso

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The effect of biochar on mycorrhizal fungi mediated nutrient uptake by coconut(Cocos nucifera L.)seedlings grown on a Sandy Regosol

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 56-73页

作者： gertrude Scynthya Nirukshan Sanathanie Ranasinghe Steven Sleutel Department of Environment Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 6539000 GhentBelgium. Coconut Research Institute Lunuwila 61150Sri Lanka

Biochar amendment of soil may ameliorate inherently infertile soils,such as in the typical coconut(Cocos nucifera L.)growth areas along tropical coasts,where,moreover,temporary moisture stress commonly *** conducted a pot experiment to evaluate the effects of biochar soil amendment(1%w/w)produced from Gliricidia sepium stems(BC-Gly)and rice husks(BC-RiH)on the growth of coconut seedlings and on N and P uptake mediated by mycorrhizae under wet or dry conditions in a Sandy *** pots were divided into root and hyphal zones by a nylon mesh,where 15N labelled N and P nutrients were only provided in the hyphal *** wet conditions,biochar applica-tion did not affect plant growth,while under dry conditions,the BC-Gly increased root and plant growth similar to that under wet ***-Gly increased the acidic pH of the soil to a neutral level,and the microbial community shifted towards a higher fungal *** P accumulated(Pacc)in roots was higher with BC-Gly and BC-RiH under dry and wet conditions,*** weakly correlated with the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)in the hyphal *** BC-Gly roots showed lower N derived from *** conclude that biochar application has no impact on crop growth under wet conditions,while under dry conditions,BC-Gly stimulates crop growth and P uptake,probably through liming induced P availability but also possibly by some enhancement of AMF *** shift in the fungal-oriented microbial community and reduced plant fertilizer N uptake suggested that BC-Gly acted as an additional N source.

关键词： Coconut growing soil 15N isotope labelling Root-exclusion study container Phosphorus Moisture stress

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The Mediating Role of Water Accessibility in the Relationship between Water Governance and Achievability of Sustainable Development Goal 6:Evidence from Ghana

The Mediating Role of Water Accessibility in the Relationshi...

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作者： gertrude Dotse Bampoe 江苏大学

学位级别：硕士

水治理已成为解决水安全问题和实现可持续发展目标6的重要工具。加纳面临的大多数水资源挑战可归因于多层次治理的失败,而不是资源本身。因此,调查水治理系统是必不可少的,对现有系统的评估是最重要的一步。本研究使用OECD水治理原则和... 详细信息

水治理已成为解决水安全问题和实现可持续发展目标6的重要工具。加纳面临的大多数水资源挑战可归因于多层次治理的失败,而不是资源本身。因此,调查水治理系统是必不可少的,对现有系统的评估是最重要的一步。本研究使用OECD水治理原则和指标框架调查和评估了加纳水治理的稳健性,该框架包括12项原则和36个指标。使用Excel分析回收的问卷,交通信号灯系统有助于数据可视化和对结果的解释。该研究还评估了水资源治理与可持续发展目标6可实现性之间的关系。使用SMART PLS软件3.0版中的结构方程模型(SEM)进一步考虑了水的可获得性,作为水治理与SDG6可实现性之间关系的中介变量。研究结果表明,没有一项原则得到充分实施和发挥作用。在12项原则中,其中2项正在制定中,七项已到位但尚未实施或发挥作用,其余3项原则已到位但部分实施或发挥作用。关于水治理政策框架的实施,该研究表明,现有的政策框架中只有3个部分发挥作用,其余的存在但未发挥作用且正在开发中。与政策框架一样,加纳水治理中与水相关的机构治理和水治理工具的运作都有相似的结果。大多数机构功能不完善,没有发挥水治理工具的作用。这是加纳水治理系统实施差距、制度崩溃和系统失灵的明显案例。本研究强烈建议相关机构采取紧急策略来解决这些问题。假设1的结果代表了目标2的实证结果,表明水治理的所有三个变量——效率(Efc)、有效性(Eff)以及信任和参与(TE)——对可持续发展目标6具有统计上显着的积极影响可实现性。假设2的结果代表了目标3的实证结果,揭示了水治理的所有三个变量——效率(Efc)、有效性(Eff)以及信任和参与(TE)——与水的可获得性具有显着的正相关关系。假设3的结果代表目标4的实证结果,表明水资源可获得性和可持续发展目标6的可实现性具有显着的正相关关系。此外,代表目标5实证结果的假设4的结果表明,水的可获得性显著调节了水治理(Efc、Eff和TE)与可持续发展目标6可实现性之间的关系。根据结果,该研究提出了有针对性的政策建议,其中包括以下内容。应该高度重视12项原则的实施,因为当有益的想法或政策存在但没有得到实践时,就会出现很多困境。应加强利益相关者的参与,以解决参与水治理的利益相关者(如用水户)之间更好协调和协作。利益相关者应更加关注改善水治理,因为良好的水治理体系将推动实现水目标的进展。在通过水治理的视角实现可持续发展目标6的过程中,不应低估水的可获得性的中介作用。

关键词：水治理加纳可持续发展目标6 水的可获得性

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A decision support model for supplier portfolio selection in the retail industry

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Journal of Management Analytics 2021年第3期8卷 486-501页

作者： Stanislaus Solomon William A.Ellegood gertrude Pannirselvam Jason Riley Management and Marketing Department Southern Illinois University EdwardsvilleEdwardsvilleILUSA Management Marketingand Information Systems DepartmentSam Houston State UniversityHuntsvilleTXUSA

In this paper we propose and test a staged knapsack model to create a supplier portfolio for *** first two stages in the model use judgement criteria related to supplier characteristics and supplier fit,gathered from managers to create a portfolio that optimizes supplier rank and fit *** the third stage we optimize cost by considering landed costs for each supplier in the portfolio to arrive at the final set of *** results indicate that the criteria used,and the staged refinement of the supplier pool resulted in a better fit than just considering the landed costs of the final pool of suppliers without rank and fit score *** proposed method will enable purchasing managers to strategically create a supplier portfolio that will suit the retailer’s needs more effectively.

关键词： supplier selection retail decision support supplier portfolio knapsack problem

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HAX1 deletion impairs BCR internalization and leads to delayed BCR-mediated apoptosis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第4期13卷 451-461页

作者： Susanne Wolkerstorfer Elisabeth Schwaiger Mark Rinnerthaler Iris Karina Gratz Thomas Zoegg Hans Brandstetter gertrude Achatz-Straussberger Department of Molecular Biology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria Department of Cell Biology University of Salzburg Salzburg Austria Department of Dermatology University of California San Francisco CA USA Department of Dermatology Division of Molecular Dermatology and EB House Austria Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria.

Deletion of HAX1 in mice causes a severe reduction in the numbers of lymphocytes in the bone marrow and in the spleen. Additionally, B220＋ B progenitor cells in the bone marrow are reduced, suggesting an important function of HAX1 in B cell development. HAX1 is thought to play a protective role in apoptotic processes; therefore, we investigated the role of HAX1 in bone marrow B progenitor cells and splenic B cells. We did not observe an effect on the survival of Hax1-/- bone marrow cells but detected enhanced survival of splenic Hax1-/- B cells upon in vitro starvation/ growth-factor withdrawal. To explain this apparent inconsistency with previous reports of HAX1 function, we also studied the B cell receptor （BCR）-induced apoptosis of IgM-stimulated splenic naive B cells and found that apoptosis decreased in these cells. We further found impaired internalization of the BCR from Hax1-/- splenic B cells after IgM crosslinking; this impaired internalization may result in decreased BCR signaling and, consequently, decreased BCR-mediated apoptosis. We measured HAX1 binding to the cytoplasmic domains of different Ig subtypes and identified KVKWI（V）F as the putative binding motif for HAX1 within the cytoplasmic domains. Because this motif can be found in almost all Ig subtypes, it is likely that HAX1 plays a general role in BCR-mediated internalization events and BCR-mediated apoptosis.

关键词： viability apoptosis internalization BCR surface plasmon resonance analysis (SPRA) wild type (WT) B cellreceptor (BCR) co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) room temperature (RT) annexin V(A) eFluor (eF)

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Dying to Be Born

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ChinAfrica 2011年第1期3卷 26-27页

作者： gertrude Majyambere

Maternal deaths remain a huge challenge on the African continent PUT awareness of maternal health firmly in the mindset of Africans and it will go a long way to reduce the ongoing tragedy of maternal deaths on the continent. That’s the qualified opinion of *** Eugene,head of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at the referral Hospital in Kigali, Rwanda. "We[Africa]have a shortage of skilled personnel,and even the few who are qualified migrate for better pay to developed

关键词： Dying to Be Born Be

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博茨瓦纳教师在实施新数学课程过程中遇到的挑战:利用符号转换作为教室中的交流工具

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比较教育研究 2002年第S1期23卷 263-270页

作者： Kgomostso gertrude Garegae 缪胤博茨瓦纳大学教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地北京师范大学比较教育研究中心

自从1966年获得独立以来,博茨瓦纳学校课程历经几次改革,尤其是初级中等学校的数学课程经历了4次重大的改革与调整。目前博茨瓦纳初级中等学校数学课程于1996年开始实施并建立在与前几次课改不同的理念的基础上,而且更强调初级中等学校... 详细信息

自从1966年获得独立以来,博茨瓦纳学校课程历经几次改革,尤其是初级中等学校的数学课程经历了4次重大的改革与调整。目前博茨瓦纳初级中等学校数学课程于1996年开始实施并建立在与前几次课改不同的理念的基础上,而且更强调初级中等学校的数学教学法。教师和学生都必须积极投入到有意义的数学对话中。要求学生积极参与教室中的学习和讨论,也意味着学生必须能够熟练理解与使用教学用语。然而,和其他所有使用第二语言英语作为数学教学语言的国家的学生一样,博茨瓦纳的学生在理解和使用英语上存在很大的问题。因此,本研究主要讨论博茨瓦纳初级中等学校的数学教师是如何为了使学生更好地理解数学概念而在教师教学和学生学习过程中使用符号转化作为交流工具,从而阻碍了学生运用英语理解数学的能力的发展。

关键词：数学教学符号转换利弊得失

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