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Prevalence of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli among Adult Male Patients 40 Years and above with Haematuria and Impaired Kidney Attending General Hospitals in Benue State

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第12期13卷 588-601页

作者： Cornelius Iwodi Grace M. Gberikon Innocent okonkwo Ogbonna Emmanuel O. Agada Department of Microbiology College of Biological Sciences Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi Nigeria

Haematuria is the presence of red blood cells in urine. It is most often caused by urinary tract infections of which Escherichia coli is frequently implicated. Impairment of kidney functions could occur as a result of infection or other complications of the kidney. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli among adult male patients with haematuria and impaired kidneys attending a general hospital in Benue state. Three hundred and sixty-eight (368) samples of urine were collected from 368 male patients (≥ 40 years) attending the 23 general hospitals in Benue state. Each of the urine samples was divided into two parts for haematuria and isolation and identification of Escherichia coli. Blood samples (368) were also collected from the patients and used for quantitative determination of creatinine and estimation of glomerular filtration rate. The presence of haematuria was 45.1% and ranges from 12.5% to 100%. Prevalence of haematuria with respect to age shows that patients within the age group of 90 - 99 years had the highest rate (100%) and the least were those within the ages of 40 - 49 years (20.0%). Isolation rate of uropathogenic Escherichia coli was 16.3% and ranged from 6.3 to 37.5%. Patients within the age group of 90 - 99 years had the highest elevated impaired renal function of 4 (80%), followed by patients within the ages of 80 - 89 years [17 (77.3%)] and the lowest were those within the ages of 40 - 49 [6 (10.0%)]. The overall presence of haematuria in the patients was high (45.1%) with similar high Escherichia coli isolation rate and impaired renal function which could mean that acute or chronic kidney disease may set in.

关键词： Uropathogens Haematuria Escherichia coli General Hospital Impaired Kidney Function

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Aqueous Extract of Erythrina senegalensis Exhibits Dose-Dependent Hepatoprotective Activity on Paracetamol-Induced Liver Damage in Wistar Rats

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2022年第2期12卷 48-60页

作者： Patience Chwe Igeh Elkanah Ishaku Jacob Gungsat Nangbes Solomon Choji Francis obiora okonkwo Department of Microbiology Faculty of Natural & Applied Sciences Plateau State University Bokkos Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Natural & Applied Sciences Plateau State University Bokkos Nigeria Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural & Applied Sciences Plateau State University Bokkos Nigeria

Erythrina senegalensis is utilized in the treatment of liver diseases in folklore medicine in most of northern Nigeria, but sufficient pharmacological-based and peer-reviewed scientific literature is not available to authenticate its use in the treatment of liver ailments. This research is aimed at assessing the hepatoprotective effects of Erythrina senegalensis against paracetamol-induced (PCM-induced) hepatotoxicity in wistar albino rats. This was evaluated by estimating the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as compared with the control group. The extract was concentrated and then desired concentrations of extracts were made by dissolving in normal saline. Four different doses of aqueous extracts Erythrina senegalensis (200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg) were administered orally for 6 consecutive days after the 72 hrs administration of paracetamol (1500 mg/kg) per body weight. Paracetamol significantly induced oxidative stress in the liver, ultimately leading to increased serum levels of liver enzyme markers like alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. Administration of the extracts showed significant (p 0.05) and dose-dependent hepatoprotective activity resulting in decrease in the activity of ALT, AST and ALP. These data revealed that Erythrina senegalensis aqueous extracts possess significant hepatoprotective activity against PCM-induced toxicity attributable to its constituent phytochemicals. The mechanism of hepatoprotection seems to be through the modulation of antioxidant enzyme systems.

关键词： Hepatoprotective Erythrina senegalensis Hepatotoxicity Paracetamol Oxidative Stress

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来华尼日利亚留学生跨文化适应研究

来华尼日利亚留学生跨文化适应研究

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作者：唐若兰（okonkwo，Veronica Chidiogo）河北大学

学位级别：硕士

随着世界经济的不断发展,尼日利亚与中国之间的交流日益频繁。除了政治、经济交流之外,文化交流在两国之间也越来越重要。中国每年都吸引了大量的留学生来中国学习深造,形成了一股来华学习的潮流,其中,尼日利亚留学生就是其中的一部分,... 详细信息

随着世界经济的不断发展,尼日利亚与中国之间的交流日益频繁。除了政治、经济交流之外,文化交流在两国之间也越来越重要。中国每年都吸引了大量的留学生来中国学习深造,形成了一股来华学习的潮流,其中,尼日利亚留学生就是其中的一部分,而尼日利亚留学生具有其自身的特点,所以目前针对留学生跨文化适应情况研究的一些成果,并不能完全适用于尼日利亚留学生。因此,本文将以来华尼日利亚留学生为研究对象,调查并分析来华尼日利亚学生的跨文化适应情况及其原因。本文共五章。第一章,主要介绍研究目的和意义、研究现状包括跨文化适应研究历程、留学生心理适应研究、留学生社会文化适应研究、留学生校园适应研究、研究方法和创新点。第二章介绍了本文的调查对象情况、调查问卷的设计,调查问卷发放和回收、还有访谈框架设计。第三章是本论文的核心,根据调查得来的结果进行统计与分析,并从语言适应、心理文化适应、生活适应、跨文化交际等方面分析尼日利亚留学生的跨文化适应的总体情况。本文对109位尼日利亚留学生进行了调查,发现每个留学生跨文化适应程度和适应情况不同。第四章主要介绍尼日利亚留学生跨文化适应中存在的主要问题及原因。尼日利亚留学生跨文化问题包括文化冲突、跨文化交际问题、以及尼日利亚留学生自身的汉语水平问题与对中国文化的缺乏了解的问题,此外,本章还分析了来华尼日利亚文化冲突原因。第五章主要是提高跨文化适应能力的具体策略,包括提高留学生对中国的归属感,营造更好的中外文化交流氛围,建立留学生跨文化教育体系,提升教师跨文化教学素养等相关建议。最后一部分是结论,对调查结果及存在问题进行总结,并针对相关问题提出个人意见。本文将从跨文化适应角度出发,通过问卷调查方式,从语言适应、心理适应、生活适应和文化适应四个方面对在华尼日利亚留学生进行跨文化适应调查研究。调查结果显示,来华尼日利亚留学生的整体跨文化适应性良好。研究发现,影响尼日利亚留学生跨文化适应的原因主要是心理因素、文化差异与汉语水平。

关键词：来华尼日利亚留学生跨文化适应调查研究

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Inhibitive Effect of NaCl and Citric Acid on the Colour Yield of Acid Dye on Nylon Fabric

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Journal of Textile Science and Technology 2020年第1期6卷 49-58页

作者： Onyekachi Onyinyechi Nnorom Placid Ikechukwu Anyanwu Chima Kenneth Oguzie Samuel D. okonkwo Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

Nylon 6 fabric was dyed with C.I. Acid Yellow 23 at a temperature 50?°C using sodium chloride (NaCl) and citric acid as auxiliaries. The adsorption kinetic mechanism was studied using two models. Results of the UV-Vis spectroscopy indicated that colour yield of C.I. Acid Yellow 23 reduced when more than 1% (acid) and 5% (salt) concentration were used respectively for dyeing. NaCl however had the most inhibitive effect on the dye colour yield. The adsorption kinetics mechanism result fitted the pseudo-second-order-kinetic model with R2 of 0.993.

关键词： Nylon 6 Acid Dye Sodium Chloride Citric Acid Exhaustion Colour Yield Adsorption Kinetic

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Pattern of HIV-1 Drug Resistance among Adults on ART in Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2013年第4期3卷 327-334页

作者： Georgina N.Odaibo Prosper okonkwo Isaac F.Adewole David O.Olaleye Department of Virology College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria AIDS Prevention Initiative Nigeria Arab Contractor BuildingAbujaNigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria.

Background: The development of anitiretroviral drug resistance may limit the benefit of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore the need to closely monitor these mutations, especially the use of ART is increasing. This study was therefore designed to determine the ARV drug resistance pattern among ART na?ve and expose individuals attending a PEPFAR supported by antiretroviral clinic in Nigeria. Methodology: The study participants included patients attending the PEPFAR supported by University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan ART clinic who have been on HIV treatment for at least one year with consecutive viral load of over 2000 copies/ml as well some ART Na?ve individuals with high (>50,000 copies/ml) baseline viral level attending the hospital for pre-ART assessment. Blood sample was collected from each individual for CD4 enumeration, viral load level determination and DNA sequencing for genotypic typing. Antiretroviral drug resistance mutations (DRM) were determined by using the Viroseq software and drug mutations generated by using a combination of Viroseq and Stanford algorithm. DRM were classified as major or minor mutations based on the June 2013 Stanford DR database. Results: The most common major NRTI, NNRTI and PI mutation were D67N (33.3%), Y181C (16.7%) and M46L/I (55.6%) respectively. Lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC);nevirapine (NVP) and nelfinavir (NFV) were the most common NRTI, NNRTI, and PI drugs to which the virus in the infected individuals developed resistance. Isolates from 4 patients were resistant to triple drug class, including at least one NRTI, NNRTI and a PI. Only one (4.8%) of the isolates from drug Na?ve individuals had major DRM that conferred resistance to any drug. Conclusion: Demonstration of high rates of antiretroviral DRM among patients on 1st and 2nd line ART and the presence of DRM in drug Na?ve individuals in this study show the importance of surveillance for resistance to ARV in line with the magnitude of scaling up of treatment

关键词： Antiretroviral Therapy Drug Resistance Mutation ART Na?ve 1st and 2nd Line ART

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Characterization of Tuberculosis Cases Presenting in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in South-Eastern Nigeria

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第9期4卷 723-729页

作者： E. D. Adinma E. C. Azuike S. A. Nwabueze C. C. Nnebue E. D. Azuike D. C. obi I. C. Iloghalu K. N. okonkwo M. C. Ohamaeme Department of Community Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria Department of Nursing Science College of Health Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

Background: Tuberculosis is second only to HIV/AIDS as the greatest killer worldwide, due to a single infectious agent. Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) is presently the WHO recommended programme to fight tuberculosis worldwide. There is need to understand the characteristics of patients who receive treatment for tuberculosis. This will help modify the strategies to fight the scourge of tuberculosis. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the DOTS clinic at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. The records of patients who received treatment from the clinic from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2012 were reviewed. Three hundred and fifteen patients were included in the study. Important characteristics of the patients were retrieved. Associations between patients’ characteristics were determined using relevant tests of significance. Results: Three hundred and fifteen patients were included in the study. There were more male patients (59%). The reproductive age group (37.5%) was more than the other age groups. Mean age was 33.1 (±18.5) years. There were more rural patients (50.2%) than urban patients (49.8%). There were more pulmonary TB patients (87.3%) than extrapulmonary TB patients (12.7%). There were more sputum AFB negative patients (45.4%) than positive patients (41.3%). There were more HIV negative patients (59.4%) than positive patients (40.6%). Conclusion: This study demonstrated some important characteristics of tuberculosis patients. Such knowledge if taken into consideration in the tuberculosis control programme will definitely improve the outcome of the programme.

关键词： Characteristics Tuberculosis Patients DOTS Nigeria

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Potential of <i>Dictyosphaerium</i>sp. LC172264 Concomitant Remediation of Cassava Wastewater and Accumulation of Lipids for Biodiesel Production

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2021年第8期12卷 257-274页

作者： Innocent okonkwo Ogbonna Joseph Ikwebe Otsai Otsima Okpozu Chijioke Nwoye Eze James Chukwuma Ogbonna Department of Microbiology Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Federal University Wukari Nigeria Environmental Science Unit Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi Nigeria Department of Science Laboratory Technology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Microbiology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

As a way of making algal feedstock feasible for biofuel production, simultaneous utilization of microalga Dictyosphaerium sp. LC172264 for cassava wastewater remediation and accumulation of lipids for biodiesel production was investigated. The algal biomass, lipid contents and composition were measured from the autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultured algal cells. Physicochemical parameters of the cassava wastewater and bioremediation potentials were measured. Biodiesel properties were deduced and compared with the standards. The results showed that mixotrophic culture was the best for both biomass accumulation (1.022 g/L) and lipid contents (24.53%). Irrespective of the culture condition, the predominant fatty acids were similar and included 11-Octadecenoic acid (vaccenic acid (C19H36O2), oleic acid (C18H34O2) and 14-methyl pentadecanoic acid (isopalmitic acid (C17H34O2). The percentage reduction of total dissolved solids was 79.32% and 89.78% for heterotrophy and mixotrophy respectively. Biochemical oxygen demand was 72.95% and 89.35%, chemical oxygen demand was 72.19% and 84.03% whereas cyanide contents reduced from the initial value of 450 mg/L to 93.105 (79.31%) and 85.365 mg/L (81.03%) respectively. Dictyosphaerium sp. showed good growth and lipid production under mixotrophic condition and produced good quality biodiesel under the three cultivation modes. Even though both mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions had good promise of cassava wastewater remediation by Dictyosphaerium sp., mixotrophy showed superiority.

关键词： Biodiesel Production Cassava Wastewater Dictyosphaerium sp. Fatty Acid Profile

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HIV Infection among Newly Diagnosed TB Patients in Southwestern Nigeria: A Multi-DOTS Center Study

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World Journal of AIDS 2013年第2期3卷 154-159页

作者： Georgina N. Odaibo Prosper okonkwo Oluwole M. Lawal David O. Olaleye AIDS Prevention Initiative Nigeria Abuja Nigeria Department of Virology College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria TB and Leprosy Control Unit Oyo State Ministry of Health Ibadan Nigeria

Backgroud: The burden of TB and HIV infection is estimated to be about 512/100,000 and 3,000,000 people respectively. However, accurate data on TB/HIV co-morbidity in different parts of Nigeria were not available due to limited access to HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT) by individuals with TB infection. This study was designed to determine the true rate of HIV infection among newly diagnosed TB patients by providing comprehensive HCT services in 43 DOTS centers in Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria. Methods: All patients meeting the case definition for TB suspects who presented at each of the 43 DOTS Centres were counselled and those who consented tested for presence of HIV antibodies using HIV 1/2 Determine, Unigold and Stat-Pak rapid test kits in a serial algorithm. Results: A total of 13,109 TB positive patients were enrolled for the study, out of which 1605 (12.3%) tested positive for HIV antibodies. HIV infection was higher among female (15.5%) than male (9.5%) TB patients (p 0.05). The rates also varied among the age groups, ranging from 4.3% in the 10 - 19 years to 18.0% in the 40 - 49 years age group. A relatively high rate (10.5%) of HIV infection was found among children less than ten years of age. Conclusion: The results of this work show the true burden of TB/HIV in any region in Nigeria for the first time. Higher rate of TB/HIV co-infection among female patients and children are significant and important factors that should be considered in the planning of intervention measures in Nigeria and other TB and HIV endemic countries in Africa.

关键词： HIV TB Co-Infection DOTS Centre Attendees Nigeria

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Occupational Exposure to Particulate Matter from Biomass Smoke and Its Relationship to Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary Function among Rural Women Involved in Cassava Processing in Nigeria

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2017年第3期7卷 41-54页

作者： Tochi J. Okwor obianuju B. Ozoh Ifeoma J. okonkwo Akin Osibogun Centre for Epidemiology and Health Development Ibeju Lekki Nigeria College of Medicine University of Lagos Idi Araba Nigeria University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria

Background: Cassava processing is an important source of livelihood for many rural women and involves prolonged exposure to biomass smoke. The impact of this exposure on respiratory health of these women has not been explored. We aimed to compare the frequency of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function among cassava processing women to that of petty traders as well as the levels of particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 at the workplaces of these women. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional design. Questionnaire was administered;spirometry was performed;PM2.5 and PM10 were sampled. Descriptive statistics were used and multiple logistic regressions were performed to assess the relationship between predictors and outcome variables. Results: 528 non-smoking women were recruited (264 cassava processors and 264 petty traders). The women were matched by baseline parameters. PM2.5 levels at the cassava processing plants were (50 ± 10.0 μg/m3) while the levels at the petty traders’ stalls were 13.0 ± 10.0 μg/m3 (P 2.5, having more respiratory symptoms, lower pulmonary function parameters and higher frequency of obstructive pulmonary defect compared to women not occupationally exposed to biomass. Use of more efficient fuel in cassava processing and personal protective equipment may limit the harmful health effects of biomass among these vulnerable women.

关键词： Biomass Respiratory Symptoms Particulate Matter Pulmonary Function Obstructive Pulmonary Defect

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Study on Vaginitis Among Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Users in Ibadan,South-western Nigeria

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Journal of Reproduction and Contraception 2009年第4期20卷 247-255页

作者： Michael Abiola Okunlola okonkwo N.Stella-Maris Angelina A Tokzaka Oladosu.A Ojengbede Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University College Hospital/College of MedicineUniversity of Ibadan Fertility Research Unit Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity College Hospital/College of MedicineUniversity of Ibadan Centre for Population and Reproductive Health College of MedicineUniversity College HospitalIbadanNigeria

Objective To investigate IUD-related vaginitis in IUD users at the University College Hospital Ibadan, South-western Nigeria.Methods A prospective cohort study in IUD users present with abnormal vaginal discharge at the family planning clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan was conducted between lOth of October, 2008 and 31st of May 2009. High Vaginal Swabs were taken from the clients for microbiology, culture and drug sensitivity test. Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis was made based on gram stained vaginal smear using the standard Nugents criteria. Other aetiological agents were identified either on wet preparation or culture using standard techniques. Treatment given was by the family planning nurse, as was the protocol at the family planning clinic.Results Twenty-four IUD users present at the Jamtty ptannmg ctmtc with vaginal discharge were studied. Their ages ranged 28-51 years（38.14 ± 5.9 years）, Mean parity was 4.4 ± 1.4, All the women were married and all used CuT 380A. The mean duration of lUCD use was 2.5 years only. Majority （46%） had used it for more than 3 years and most （75%） of the visits were unscheduled. All the clients complained of abnormal vaginal discharge which was copious, watery and foul smelling, or clumpy. Nine users （37.5%） complained of pruritus vulvae, 3 users （12.5%） lower abdominal pain, 1 user （4,2%） dyspareunia and vaginosis was made in 16 （66. 7%） and 1 （4.2%） dysuria. The diagnosis of bacterial vaginal candidiasis in 8 （33.3%）. Age less than 40 years, Christianity and IUD use more than 3 years were associated with a higher risk of bacterial vaginosis （OR=1.29, 1.67 and 6.6, respectively）, while women above 40 years, Muslims and women with lower educational status had a higher risk of candida-related vaginitis （OR=1.67 and 4.2, respectively）. Eight clients （33.3%） were treated for candidiasis with antifungals （3 empirically, and 5 after obtaining results of vaginal swab）, 9 （37.5%） were given oral metronidazole, 3 pati

关键词： intrauterine devices vaginitis contraception Ibadan Nigeria

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