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Effect of Artemether Treatment on Plasma Lipid Profile in Malaria

Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第7期5卷 646-656页

作者： Nkereuwem Edikpo Paul obiekwe okonkwo Elias Adikwu Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences University of Port Harcourt Choba Nigeria

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of artemether treatment on plasma lipid profile in malaria infection. While the importance of lipid to plasmodial infective processes and metabolism is being increasingly appreciated, little is known about the attendant effect of chemotherapy on plasma lipid profile. Thirty patients with uncomplicated malaria were chosen from two secondary health-care facilities in Yobe State, Nigeria with informed consents and ethical clearance. Based on predetermined inclusion criteria patients were given 3.2 mg/kg of artemether with 1.6 mg/kg on subsequent days for a total of five days. This was done after the collection of urine and blood samples for urinalysis, malaria parasite density count and serum lipid analysis. A follow-up was planned seven (7) days from first dose during when clinical assessment and repeat malaria parasite density count and serum lipid analysis were done. Data were analyzed with statistical package for social scientist and Microsoft Excel spread sheet while level of significance at p ≤ 0.05 was calculated using paired t-test. Serum HDL cholesterol concentration recorded a significant decline of 0.13 mmol/L from a pre-treatment mean concentration of 1.17 mmol/L (p < 0.04). Triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol showed increment or reductions that were not significant. The clinical cure rate was 50% and mean percentage reduction in parasitaemia was 52%. A possible explanation for this low cure rate could be resistance, unfavorable pharmacokinetic disposition or lack of full adherence. A trial with complete parasite clearance, possibly using artemisinin-based combinational therapy would provide a more compelling result.

关键词： Artemether Plasma Lipid Profile Malaria Humans

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Replacement of Fish Meal with Graded Levels of Earthworm Meal in the Diet of Fingerlings： Effect on Feed and Growth Parameters

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第7期2卷 901-908页

作者： Nkeonyeasua Florence Olele Josiah Chidiebere okonkwo Department of Fisheries Delta State University Asaba Campus Asaba Delta State Nigeria Department of Animal Science and Technology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Anambra State Nigeria

The study was aimed at evaluating growth response of Heteroclarias fingerlings fed diet in which fish meal was substituted with graded levels of earthworm meal. The replacement levels were 0.00%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% designated as Eo, E25, Es0, E75 and El00, respectively. Fingerlings used for the work were obtained through artificial insemination of brood stock （purchased from local farmers） with ovaprim in the laboratory. The resulting fry were reared and fed with cultured plankton for 2 weeks followed by 100% fish meal for another two weeks. Thereafter sixteen fingerlings weighing 4.73 g and measuring 6.512 mm standard length （on the average） were starved over night and reared in five indoors tanks （0.8 ~ 0.5 ~ 0.5 m） in duplicate for eight weeks. Fingerlings were fed on graded earthworm meals of 40% protein twice daily at 08：00 and 16：00. The highest mean weight （6.77 g）, specific growth rate （0.86） and protein efficiency ratio （0.6） were obtained at 50% replacement level. Also, Food conversion ratio was the highest at 50% substitution level and lowest at 0.00% substitution, indicating that fingerlings use earthworm containing meal more efficiently. Furthermore, cost benefit analysis revealed that the profit index for 50% inclusion of earthworm meal was the highest （1.71） and the highest net profit of N374.32 （circa $2.3） was achieved at this level. Water quality parameters observed were within tolerable values for the fingerlings well being. Consequently, farmers are advised to use 50% earthworm meal in place of fish meal for formulation of Heteroclarias fingerlings diet. This will drastically reduce production cost, increase farmers profit and enhance the biological value of our menu.

关键词： Earthworm meal heteroclarias fingerlings growth.

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Alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates in dust from homes, offices and computer laboratories: Implication for personal exposure via inadvertent dust ingestion

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Emerging Contaminants 2017年第4期3卷 127-131页

作者： Ovokeroye A.Abafe Tlou B.Chokwe Jonathan O.okonkwo Bice S.Martincigh Agricultural Research Council-OVR 100 Old Soutpan RoadOnderstepoortPretoria0110South Africa Rand Water Scientific Services 2 Barrage RoadVereeniging1930South Africa Department of Water Environmental and Earth SciencesTshwane University of Technology175 Mandela RoadPretoria0001South Africa School of Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X54001Durban4000South Africa

In the present study,the levels of alkylphenols(APs)and alkylphenol ethoxylates(APEs)in indoor dust of three different microenvironments were measured and daily intake via dust ingestion *** and alkylphenol ethoxylates were extracted with the aid of sonication and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry after heptafluorobutyric anhydride *** concentration values of these pollutants ranged from 1918e10935 ng g1;343e12438 ng g1 and 1122 e15324 ng g1 in dust samples from homes,computer laboratories and offices,*** all the microenvironment studied,di-NPE and mono-NPE were the most abundant isomers suggesting widespread use of NPE-based consumer products in the studied *** daily exposure dose(DED)was estimated using min,mean and max concentrations of APs and APEs detected in respected *** worst case scenario for the exposure of APEs was highest for toddlers at 146 ng kg1 bw day1 followed by teenagers at 11.3 ng kg1 bw day1 and adults at daily exposure of 8.53 ng kg1 bw day*** the daily exposure doses are low,there is a cause for concern as these surfactants are not regulated in many developing countries and their use may be increasing.

关键词： Alkylphenols Alkylphenol ethoxylates Concentrations Indoor dust Exposure assessment

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农药对草地贪夜蛾三龄幼虫的致死和亚致死效应

农药对草地贪夜蛾三龄幼虫的致死和亚致死效应

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作者： okonkwo Tochukwu Tobias 西南大学

学位级别：硕士

玉米是中国的主要作物,种植面积为1600万公顷,产量约2.16亿吨。作为主要谷类作物之一,玉米种植对提高中国粮食综合生产能力起着重要作用。在中国种植的谷类作物中,玉米的种植面积居首位。然而,自2019年以来,入侵性害虫鳞翅目夜蛾科草地... 详细信息

玉米是中国的主要作物,种植面积为1600万公顷,产量约2.16亿吨。作为主要谷类作物之一,玉米种植对提高中国粮食综合生产能力起着重要作用。在中国种植的谷类作物中,玉米的种植面积居首位。然而,自2019年以来,入侵性害虫鳞翅目夜蛾科草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(***,1797)已成为许多地区玉米上最具破坏性的害虫。自发现以来,草地贪夜蛾已经严重威胁了玉米以及水稻等多种农作物的生产。目前对这种害虫的治理主要依赖杀虫剂,为了防止农民滥用及过度依赖杀虫剂,并对健康和环境造成影响,本研究将对几种化学药剂进行生物效价测试,旨在通过室内实验探究甲氧酰肼、甲维菌素苯甲酸酯和氯虫苯甲酰胺对草地贪夜蛾的致死效应和亚致死效应,为田间合理使用提供依据。主要研究内容和结果如下:1.甲氧酰肼、甲维菌素和氯虫苯甲酰胺对草地贪夜蛾三龄幼虫的毒性研究通过对三种药剂致死效应的研究,我们发现甲氧基甲酰肼对草地贪夜蛾三龄幼虫的LC为0.466μgm L,LC和LC分别为0.047和0.182μgml。甲维菌素苯甲酸酯对草地贪夜蛾三龄幼虫也具有较高的毒性。24 h的LC为0.007μgm L,LC和LC分别为0.001和0.003μgm L。此外,氯虫苯甲酰胺对草地贪夜蛾三龄幼虫具有一定的毒性。24h的LC为1.217μgm LHO,LC和LC值分别为0.135和0.494μgm LHO。2.甲氧酰肼对草地贪夜蛾生活史的亚致死效应根据前期研究得到的LC和LC我们采用叶片浸渍法探究了三种药剂对草地贪夜蛾的亚致死效应。结果表明,甲氧酰肼LC和LC处理后48h只有20%和32%幼虫化蛹。甲氧酰肼的亚致死浓度也显著影响了草地贪夜蛾的生活史参数。其中,草地贪夜蛾的幼虫发育时间延长,LC处理后的幼虫发育时间为12.38d,LC处理后的幼虫发育时间为17.11d。LC对雌、雄蛹重均无影响。甲氧酰肼LC使雄蛹重增加至0.11 g,雌蛹重减少至0.08 g。与对照相比,经LC处理后蛹期增加到14.05±0.07 d。LC和LC处理后的雌虫的产卵量约为25.69粒/头,显著低于对照(36.65粒/头)。与对照组相比,LC和LC导致雌虫繁殖力分别降低了38%和29%。3.甲维菌素苯甲酸酯对草地贪夜蛾生活史的亚致死效应甲维菌素苯甲酸酯对三龄幼虫的亚致死效应如下:LC和LC处理后三龄幼虫的死亡率分别为17%和43%,幼虫发育历期分别为15.74d和21.89d。与对照组和LC相比,LC处理使雄蛹重增加了0.11±0.02 g,雌蛹重减少到0.05±0.01 g。LC处理后蛹期为10.02d,LC为13.08d。蛹的羽化率在LC处理中的比例为27%,高于LC的15%。与对照组相比,成虫寿命LC和LC处理后分别降低至12.05和13.94d。LC处理后的产卵量为105.98粒/雌,LC的产卵量为144.55粒/雌。甲维菌素苯甲酸酯也影响草地贪夜蛾的繁殖能力。与对照组相比,LC和LC处理后的幼虫存活率分别减少了50%和81%。4.氯虫苯甲酰胺对草地贪夜蛾生活史的亚致死效应在LC和LC浓度下,氯虫苯甲酰胺处理后草地贪夜蛾的死亡率分别为15%和38%。幼虫的发育历期分别增加了12.98d和16.34d。与对照组相比,两种亚致死浓度对雄虫蛹重量均无影响。与对照组相比,LC和LC处理后的雌虫蛹重分别为0.09±0.03和0.06±0.02 g,而LC和LC处理后的雌虫蛹重分别为0.09±0.03和0.06±0.02 g。LC和LC处理后蛹的羽化率分别为14%和26%。与对照组相比,LC和LC处理后的成虫寿命分别为12.96d和15.93d。此外,成虫产卵量下降,LC和LC处理后雌虫的产卵量分别为126.20±9.56和105.98±16.78粒/头。在这两种浓度下,繁殖力也受到影响,LC和LC处理后的幼虫存活数分别为59%和50%。

关键词：草地贪夜蛾甲氧酰肼甲维菌素苯甲酸酯氯虫苯甲酰胺致死效应亚致死效应

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基于次优模型预测静态规划的小推力轨道转移问题研究

基于次优模型预测静态规划的小推力轨道转移问题研究

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作者： okonkwo Sylvester Emeka 哈尔滨工业大学

学位级别：硕士

本文研究的是低推进轨道转移系统的实时最优控制和动态解,本文调查了最近开发的模型预测静态编程(MPSP)方法实时最优控制问题的数值解。MPSP可以应用于任何特殊的场景中如导弹控制、卫星轨道转移等。而且应经被用于地球到火星的航天器... 详细信息

本文研究的是低推进轨道转移系统的实时最优控制和动态解,本文调查了最近开发的模型预测静态编程(MPSP)方法实时最优控制问题的数值解。MPSP可以应用于任何特殊的场景中如导弹控制、卫星轨道转移等。而且应经被用于地球到火星的航天器轨道指引问题,伴随着不同终端条件的问题也被显示出来。燃料最优或者时间最优是轨道转移问题的主要目标。在飞船和运载火箭行进过程中,最大限度的减小推进剂的质量对飞船越有利。以这种方式行进,和目前的发射能力和发射成本并不冲突,所需的推进剂很大程度上取决于路径的选择,轨迹规划从本质上就是使耗费的推进剂尽可能的少。霍曼变轨是两个共面圆轨道之间的双脉冲椭圆轨道转移,转移本身包含一个椭圆轨道在内部轨道近地点和外层轨道的远地点,霍曼轨道转移假设只有一个执行机构作用在控制对象上如卫星,将地面卫星从低轨道转移到地球同步轨道就是一个很好的例子,然而霍曼变轨模型对地球到火星的“外“轨迹转移的一个非常合适的模型。为了用尽可能少的燃料发射一个从地球到其他行星如火星的宇宙飞船,首先考虑航天器已经位于太阳轨道并处于合适的发射点,现有的太阳轨道必须被调整使飞船驶向火星:期望轨道的近日点(最接近太阳点)将在地球轨道上,和远日点(最远离太阳点)将在火星轨道上,这就是霍曼轨道转移。飞船从地球到火星的部分太阳轨道也是它的轨迹。我们的任务是增加航天器当前太阳轨道的最远点(远日点)。飞船可以通过增加航天器在近拱点的能量来增加最远点高度,这样,飞船就可以处于近拱点。飞船在发射台升空,高于地球大气层时,在地球绕太阳的方向用火箭加速,是为了在近日点用能量脉冲变轨使沿着新轨道到达远日点,也到了火星的轨道。加速是为了切向不同的轨道。之后短暂加速远离地球,宇宙飞船以实现了新的轨道,然后完成剩余任务。通过采用快速有效的模型预测静态编程控制方法解决了这个问题。这种控制技术的很多细节和技术要点都借鉴了知名的模型预测静态编程控制方法和近似动态规划控制方法。这种控制方法适用于非线性系统。当共态变量是静态时,该控制方法也有较快的收敛速度,因此当采用间接寻优方法时,静态优化技术可以在不需要求解两点边界问题的条件下得到解。而且,由于模型预测静态编程方法将期望条件作为一组“硬约束”,所以可以得到很高的最终精度。本文简要讨论了基于模型预测静态规划技术解决实时最优控制问题的数学方法,在此基础上建立了转移轨道动力学模型并进行了详细的分析。然后应用模型预测静态规划技术重新定义了状态空间模型并进行了深入的研究。本文就该算法所得数值解的精度,成本效率及动态收敛速度等方面与其他由拟谱法推导而来的最优控制算法相比较。拟谱法的实现在可重用的软件包GPOPS II中。所述问题的目的是为了获得一个可行的和历史最优控制以便状态轨迹能引导飞船驶向所需的轨道。宇宙飞船最初在环绕地球的轨道初始状态为X0=（r0 ?0 ）,这里r0 (?)和(?)分别代表了径向距离、角度、径向速度和角速度,我们需要提高或者降低航天器的轨道使达到最终状态Xf=(rf (?))在t=tf时,输出误差dYN即dYN=YN-Y*N,其中YN为测量输出状态向量,Y*N为期望输出状态向量。所有边界条件通过使用Vis-Viva方程和霍曼转移理论方法来计算。我们需要尽量减少控制任务来达到新的轨道,与此同时,应该满足新轨道的精确位置和速度。与其他间接最优控制算法类似,MPSP同样需要一些猜测控制。一个良好的猜测控制有助于提高算法的收敛速度。针对于MPSP轨道转移问题的猜测控制器通过LQR算法获得。为此,我们需要在操作点将非线性模型线性化。还值得注意的是所有的仿真结果都是在输出公差值为2e-3的情况下得到的,并且算法的迭代次数是由LQR产生的猜测控制历史决定的,通常情况下迭代次数在4-30之间。数值仿真结果表明本文提出的MPSP算法与现存的控制律相比可以更有效地达到所需目标。由于最后的仿真条件设置的很苛刻,因此最终的结果表明航天器可以以很高的精度到达并保持在期望的轨道上。并且可以航天器在加速度最小的情况下以期望的速度到达期望的位置。该算法计算效率高且可以在线获得闭环模式的次最优解。在此模式下,闭环控制的历史解应该在每个控制间隔内更新,这样可以尽可能的减小控制量的跳变。MPSP可以进一步被应用作为解决现存跟踪控制器在2自由度配置时存在的输出干扰问题的参考控制算法。

关键词：最优控制轨道转移 MPSP

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Distribution of total mercury in surface sediments and African catfish(Clarias gariepinus)from Akaki River catchment and Aba Samuel Reservoir,downstream to the mega-city Addis Ababa,Ethiopia

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Emerging Contaminants 2018年第1期4卷 32-39页

作者： Alemnew Berhanu Kassegne Jonathan O.okonkwo Tarekegn Berhanu Esho Kebede Nigussie Mekonnen Tshia Malehase Seyoum Leta Asfaw Center for Environmental Science Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Chemistry Debre Berhan UniversityP.O.Box 445Debre BerhanEthiopia Department of Environmental Water&Earth SciencesTshwane University of Technology175 Nelson Mandela DrivePrivate Bag X680ArcadiaPretoriaSouth Africa Central Research Laboratory Addis Ababa Science and Technology UniversityP.O.Box 16417AddisAbabaEthiopia Department of Chemistry Tshwane University of TechnologyP.O.Box 56208Arcadia0007South Africa Department of Chemistry College of Natural and Computational SciencesMekelle UniversityP.O.Box 231MekelleEthiopia

Total mercury(THg)levels were determined in sediment(n=22)and muscle of Clarias gariepinus(n=36)in dry and rainy seasons from Akaki River catchment and Aba Samuel Reservoir,Ethiopia in *** analyses of THg were performed using cold vapor-atomic absorption spectrometer(CV-AAS)after acid digestion *** relationship of THg levels to size of the fish has also been *** THg levels in sediments range from 9.5e43.8 mg/kg dry wt in the dry and 20.6e175.4 mg/kg dry wt in the rainy *** study indicated that the levels of THg in sediments varies spatially and *** both seasons,THg levels increased from upstream to downstream areas,revealing increased anthropogenic inputs of mercury *** was also found that the THg concentrations in all the sediment samples were below the US EPA guideline value of 200 mg/kg dry *** THg levels in Clarias gariepinus were in the range from 360e924 mg/kg dry wt in the dry and 325e1233 mg/kg dry wt in the rainy seasons,and had positive relationship to the total length and body *** THg concentrations found in Clarias gariepinus were within the acceptable guidelines of the FAO/***,the muscle of Clarias gariepinus from the study area is not hazardous to human health with respect to ***,the average value of THg seems to be slightly higher than results reported from other Ethiopian freshwater ***,monitoring of mercury species in sediment and different organs of fish are strongly recommended.

关键词： pollution. mercury upstream

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Changes in aetiological determinants of urinary fistula

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海南医学院学报 2009年第3期15卷 224-226页

作者： Prosper E. Gharoro Chukwunwendu A. okonkwo Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Benin Teaching Hospital Benin-City Nigeria

Objective:To investigate the localization and aetiological factors associated with urinary fistulae at the University Teaching Hospital in Benin-City, Nigeria. Methods: Records on 96 patients treated by the authors at the gynaecological ward of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria between January 1997 and December 2006 were analyzed. Information extracted and analyzed included data on socio-biological, demographic, and obstetric event of the antecedent pregnancy. Results: The average age of patients with vesico-vaginal fistula(VVF) was 34 years with a mean parity of 3. The various mean values for patients' height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were 1.58m, 58.29kg and 24.13 respectively. The majority (92.7%) of fistulas are obstetric in origin. While 5.21% were due to total abdominal hysterectomy and 2.08% due to post irradiation for advanced gynecological malignancy. 53(55.21%) patients had obstetric operative interventions (Forceps or vacuum extraction, and or caesarean section). Caesarean section contributed 23.96% to the total figure. Juxta-cervical fistula was the most frequent, next mid vagina and followed by vesico-uterine (32. 98%, 24.4% and 19.15% respectively).Conclusion: Obstetric surgical intervention by care providers is a major cause of VVF formation with particular reference to Caesarean section. Vesico-uterine fistulas are on the increase.

关键词：妇科病总腹式子宫切除术剖腹产孕妇

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A review of sources,fate,levels,toxicity,exposure and transformations of organophosphorus flame-retardants and plasticizers in the environment

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 345-366页

作者： Tlou B.Chokwe Ovokeroye A.Abafe Senzy P.Mbelu Jonathan O.okonkwo Linda L.Sibali Scientific Services Unit Capricorn District Municipality24 Thabo Mbeki StreetPolokwane0699South Africa Department of Environmental Sciences University of South AfricaChristaan de Wet RoadFlorida1709South Africa Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Agricultural Research Council100 Old Soutpan RoadOnderstepoortPretoria0110South Africa Scientific Services Rand Water2 Barrage RoadVereeniging1930South Africa Department of Water Environmental and Earth SciencesTshwane University of Technology75 Mandela DrivePretoria0001South Africa

Organophosphate esters(OPEs)are esters of phosphoric acid that are increasingly used as plasticizers and by the flame-retardants industries as replacement for the regulated polybrominated diphenyl *** most commonly classes of these pollutants are the chlorinated-and *** extent and magnitude of OPEs occurrence in the environment,combined with striking structural similarities to toxic organophosphorus pesticides has led to public concern over risk posed by these *** peer-reviewed literature published from the last decade(2010e2019),concentrations and distributions of commonly studied OPEs based on their occurrence in different matrices around the globe were evaluated and *** pollutants have a wide range of physicochemical properties such as their water solubility’s,logKow value,vapour pressure and bioconcentration factors(BCFs)which are very important factors in assessing their behaviour in different environmental *** progress in research on OPEs over the years,full understanding of the environmental behaviour and fate of these pollutants are still *** by which these pollutants enter the environment in conjunction with their concentrations together with their toxicities,estimated daily intakes,transformation products and fates are *** is envisaged that this review will heighten the importance of identifying emerging issues,data gaps and provide a future research agenda for OPEs.

关键词： Organophosphorus compounds Concentrations Sources Fate Toxicity Estimated daily intakes

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HIV Status Disclosure Rate to a Sexual Partner, Associated Factors and Outcomes among Pregnant Women in PMTCT Care in Two Large HIV Facilities in Abuja, Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2023年第4期13卷 193-209页

作者： Prosper okonkwo Oluseye Ajayi Ojukwu Chinonso Nnenna Abiodun Isah Program Department APIN Public Health Initiatives Abuja Nigeria Community Medicine Department Bingham University Karu Nigeria Prevention and Community Service Directorate APIN Public Health Initiatives Abuja Nigeria Clinical Service Directorate APIN Public Health Initiatives Abuja Nigeria

HIV status disclosure to partners is critical in improving the health and well-being of mother-infant dyad in the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child (PMTCT) program. This study assesses the HIV disclosure rate to intimate partners, associated factors, and outcomes among women in the PMTCT program in two large HIV clinics in Abuja, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study employed a multi-stage sampling technique in selecting 220 pregnant women enrolled in PMTCT care in two clinics. Outcomes measures include HIV status disclosure to intimate partner, women’s viral suppression status (suppressed < 1000 copies/mL, unsuppressed ≥ 1000 copies/mL), and previous MTCT experience. Exposure variables include the participant’s socio-demographic characteristics and HIV care history. Data were presented using frequency tables. Simple and multivariate logistic regression was done to ascertain the predictors of HIV status disclosure and assess the association between HIV disclosure, viral suppression, and MTCT experience at a p-value of less than 0.05. Only 205 (96.7%) entries were completed and analyzed A larger percentage of the participants were married women, 158 (77.1%), within the age group 26 - 35 years (53.3%). Women’s HIV status disclosure rate to intimate partners was 49.3% (101/205). Factors associated with HIV disclosure rate to intimate partners at the univariate level were the participant’s age, Christian religion [COR: 1.80, 95%CI: 1.04 - 3.21, p = 0.04], full employment [COR: 1.92, 95%CI: 1.10 - 3.34, p = 0.02], HIV positivity prior to PMTCT enrollment [COR: 2.88, 95%CI: 1.26 - 6.59, p < 0.01], duration on antiretroviral therapy [COR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.01 - 1.13, p = 0.03], and knowledge of partner’s HIV status [COR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.08 - 0.51, p < 0.01]. Only HIV positivity prior to PMTCT enrollment [AOR: 3.27, 95%CI: 1.23 - 8.70, p < 0.01] and awareness of the partner’s HIV status, [AOR: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.06 - 0.49, p < 0.01] were significant predict

关键词： HIV Status Disclosure Intimate Partner PMTCT Pregnant Women

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Ecological risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in water and surface sediment samples from Akaki River catchment,central Ethiopia

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 396-404页

作者： Alemnew Berhanu Kassegne Jonathan O.okonkwo Tarekegn Berhanu Adegbenro P.Daso Olubiyi I.Olukunle Seyoum Leta Asfaw Department of Chemistry Debre Berhan UniversityP.O.Box 455Debre BerhanEthiopia Center for Environmental Science Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Environmental Water&Earth SciencesTshwane University of Technology175 Nelson Mandela DrivePrivate Bag X680ArcadiaPretoriaSouth Africa Central Research Laboratory Addis Ababa Science and Technology UniversityP.O.Box 16417Addis AbabaEthiopia School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIN47405USA

The current status of persistent organic pollutants in Ethiopian environment is not well monitored despite the existing pollution potential from a number of *** and sediment samples collected from Akaki River catchment and Aba Samuel Reservoir,Central Ethiopia were analyzed to assess the concentrations,distribution,possible sources and potential ecological risk of eight organochlorine pesticides(OCPs)and seven polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs).Water and sediment samples were extracted by liquid-liquid and Soxhlet extraction respectively,and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy(GC-MS).The detectable OCPs and PCBs in water samples were DDT,DDE,DDD,lindane and dieldrin and PCB-28,PCB-101 and PCB-118,respectively in the rainy *** sediment samples showed the presence of lindane in the dry and p,p’-DDT,p,p’-DDE,p,p’-DDD,a,b-endosulfan,heptachlor epoxide(B),and dieldrin in the rainy *** the indicator PCBs analyzed,sediment samples showed the presence of PCB-52,PCB-101 and PCB-118 in the dry and all indicator PCBs in the rainy *** analysis showed that PCBs and detected OCPs were mainly from the historical input of commercial products,but there were recent discharge of DDT and lindane into the river *** risk assessment of the analyzed OCPs and PCBs using water and sediment quality guidelines indicated that lindane in the dry and p’-DDT,p,p’-DDE,p,p’-DDD,heptachlore epoxide and dieldrin in the rainy seasons in the sediment samples from Akaki river and Aba Samuel reservoir were above the limit at most of the *** suggests there is greater possibility of higher ecological hazards in these ***,the levels of total PCB concentrations and other OCPs at all sites were below the limit and thus their potential ecotoxicological risks were rather low.

关键词： Akaki river Organochlorine pesticides Polychlorinated biphenyls Sediment Water

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