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Assessing the Efficacy of Wheat-Soybean Based Intercropping System at Different Plant Densities in Bambili, Cameroon

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 235-251页

作者： Lendzemo E. Tatah Jeazet K. Teitiogo oben tom tabi Tange D. Achiri Njualem D. Khumbah Chi Christopher Tamu Department of Crop Production Technology College of Technology University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea Cameroon School of Tropical Agriculture and Natural Resource Catholic University of Cameroon Bamenda Cameroon Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering College of Technology University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon

Wheat is one of the most important cereals in the world, serving as a staple for millions globally. In the wake of the geopolitical crisis between Russia and Ukraine, it has become incumbent for many countries to invest in wheat production. Improving cropping systems for wheat production is paramount. Intercropping cereals with legumes has tremendous advantages. Therefore, this study was designed to optimize wheat production by intercropping it with soybean at different densities. Between March and August 2023, a randomized complete block design trial was conducted in Bambili, North West of Cameroon with treatments T1 (wheat monocrop at 200,000 plants ha−1), T2 (soybean monocrop at 250,000 plants ha−1), T3 (200,000 wheat and 125,000 soybean ha−1), T4 (100,000 wheat and 250,000 soybean ha−1), T5 (200,000 wheat and 250,000 soybean ha−1) and T6 (100,000 wheat and 125,000 soybean ha−1). Results revealed that growth parameters of wheat were not significantly influenced by monocrop or intercrop. The yield of wheat was significantly higher in the monocrop than the intercrop treatments, with slight variation amongst the intercrop treatments. Soybean yield was higher in the monocrop than in the intercrop, with no variations amongst the intercrop treatments. Only the land equivalence ratio (LER) for T5 was greater than 1.0. The competitive ratio for T5 was 0.54 for wheat and 1.90 for soybean, comparatively lower than the other monocrop treatments. Intercropping wheat and soybean at 200,000:250,000 ratio is recommended.

关键词： Competitive Ration Land Equivalence Ration Intercrop Soybean Wheat

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Assessing the Efficacy of Wheat-Soybean Based Intercropping System at Different Plant Densities in Bambili, Cameroon

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American Journal of Plant Sciences（美国植物学期刊） 2024年第4期 235页

作者： Lendzemo E.Tatah Jeazet K.Teitiogo oben tom tabi Tange D.Achiri Njualem D.Khumbah Chi Christopher Tamu

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Assessing the Efficacy of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) Extracts in Combating Black Pod Disease: Sustainable Solutions for Controlling Phytophthora megakarya in Cameroon’s Cocoa Plantations

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 519-537页

作者： Gertrude Membang James Michel Tchotet Tchoumi Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong Emmanuel Yvan Mba Ela Sylvere Landry Lontsi Dida Ludovic Tchuenkam Tsango Pascal Loïc Ekango Mbondjo Fritz oben tabi Innovative Plant Health Laboratory Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA)-Bafia Annex University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon IDepartment of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Phytopathology and Crop Protection Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The use of plant extracts as antifungal agents is gaining increasing attention, particularly for the control of black pod disease in cocoa. Despite extensive research, current strategies haven’t been entirely effective. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Cymbopogon citratus and Blumea balsamifora leaf extracts, both individually and in combination, against Phytophthora megakarya. We assessed the efficacy of the most promising combination (75% B. balsamifera, 25% C. citratus) after storage at room temperature for up to 9 days. Agar microdilution and in vivo bioassays were conducted to determine antifungal susceptibility and effectiveness. Blumea extract exhibited the highest overall inhibitory activity, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (117 µl mL−1) while C. citratus had a narrower range of MIC (146 to 233 µl mL−1). The combination of C. citratus and B. balsamifera demonstrated a synergistic effect against P. megakarya, achieving growth inhibition on V8 media (92.72 ± 4.20% to 100%) and on artificially infected detached pod cortex (92.24 ± 4.53% to 98.75 ± 1.25%), which was not significantly different from the positive control (Ridomil). Furthermore, this combination maintained its effectiveness for up to 9 days at room temperature. These findings suggest that combining plant extracts can enhance their antifungal properties.

关键词： Plant Extracts Antifungal Agents Synergistic Effect Black Pod Disease Cocoa

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Assessing the Efficacy of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus ) and Sambong (Blumea balsamifera ) Extracts in Combating Black Pod Disease: Sustainable Solutions for Controlling Phytophthora megakarya in Cameroon’s Cocoa Plantations

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American Journal of Plant Sciences（美国植物学期刊） 2024年第7期 519页

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Towards Sustainable Oil Palm Plantation Management: Effects of Plantation Age and Soil Parent Material

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第1期11卷 54-70页

作者： Georges Kogge Kome Fritz oben tabi Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Republic of Cameroon

This study was conducted to generate information required to guide plantation management in relation to replanting on soils derived from different parent materials. Six oil palm estates in coastal lowlands of southwest Cameroon were considered. Oil palm yield data (in t⋅ha−1 of fresh fruit bunch, FFB) and corresponding age of palms (in years after planting, YAP) were obtained for the various estates. In all the estates, average yields were ⋅FFB⋅ha−1 and highly variable. Plantation age, solely, explained between 20% - 58% of the variation in yield. The highest average yields (11.5 t⋅FFB⋅ha−1) were obtained in plantations aged between 9 and 18 YAP and the lowest (4.66 t⋅FFB⋅ha−1) were obtained in old plantations (>23 YAP). Plantations located on volcanic parent materials generally had higher yields compared to those established on sedimentary parent materials. In order to intensify production and increase yields while conserving the environment, one important measure to consider is the replacement of aged palms, and the recommended optimal replanting age in coastal plains of southwest Cameroon should be at most 23 YAP. Estimated mean yields, if aged palms are replanted on time, can increase by 43% - 65%. Additionally, site-specific nutrient management options should be considered in plantation intensification programs.

关键词： Elaeis guineensis Yield Variation Coastal Plain Soils Intensification Oil Palm Replanting Cameroon

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Remineralization of a Dystric Ferralsol Using Basalt and Tephra Dusts,Effective Microorganisms Manure and NPK 20-10-10 for Radish(Raphanus sativus)Production in Bamougoum(Cameroon Western Highlands)

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Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 2021年第1期3卷 1-15页

作者： Pierre Wotchoko Primus Azinwi Tamfuh Margaret Awah Tita Alice Magha Glory Anonchuh Wonyi Fritz oben tabi Dieudonne Bitom Department of Geology Higher Teacher Training College BambiliUniversity of BamendaP.O.Box.39BambiliCameroon Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of DschangP.O.Box.222DschangCameroon Departmentment of Mining and Mineral Engineering National Higher Polytechnic InstituteUniversity of BamendaP.O.Box.39BambiliCameroon Department of Biology Higher Teacher Training CollegeUniversity of BamendaP.O.Box.39BambiliCameroon

This paper studies the effect of basalt and tephra dusts,as alternatives to chemical fertilizers,on soil fertility and Radish(Raphanus sativus)*** experiment was conducted in the field and in the laboratory in the years 2017 and 2018 on two separate plots so as to annul residual effects of fertilizers).The experimental design in the field was a randomized complete block design(56 m^(2)),including five treatments and three replications:control(T_(0)),basalt dust(T_(1)),tephra dust(T_(2)),effective micro-organism(EM)fertilizer(T_(3))and NPK 20-10-10(T_(4)).The main results show the following decreasing trend based on yield:T_(1)>T_(3)>T_(0)>T_(4)>T_(2).The best yields appear in T_(1) and T_(3) probably because they supplied the highest levels of soil nutrients to match the needs of the *** T_(2) plants performed poorly,soil properties like pH.H_(2)O(6.14 to 6.49),sum of exchangeable bases,base saturation,available phosphorus and cation balance were improved after tephra treatment.T_(2) plants might have performed poorly due to intrinsic properties of the tephra dust like low availability of trace elements compared to T_(1) and T_(3).T_(4) plants show the highest number of leaves,leaf area index and plant *** Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn levels in bulbs and leaves will not pose danger of toxicity to human upon consumption and could serve as nutrient supplement for children and expectant *** most profitable treatment is T_(1) permitting to recommend the popularization of basalt dust for radish cultivation as an alternative to chemical fertilizers.

关键词： Raphanus sativus Soil remineralisation Micronutrients Revenue-to-cost ratio Cameroon Western Highlands

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Assessing the Trace Metal Content of Groundwater in the Bakassi Peninsular, Onshore Rio del Rey, Akwa-Mundemba, Cameroun

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第10期7卷 23-48页

作者： Richard Ayuk II Akoachere Takahiro Hosono Thomson Areakpoh Eyong Marcelle-Carole Pami Ngassam tom tabi oben Department of Geology University of Buea Buea Cameroon Priority Organizations for Innovation and Excellence Kumamoto University Kurokami Japan Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Pan African University/University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Agronomy and Applied Molecular Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

The present work assesses the trace metal content in groundwater from Akwa-Mundemba, Bakassi Peninsular in Cameroon. 12 groundwater samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy ICP-MS. Field measurement of physicochemical parameters was determined. R-mode statistical analysis;Pearson’s Correlation Analysis (PCA) together with Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) between the trace metals and the physico-chemical parameters was carried out. Ten indices were determined: Four trace metal hazard indices;the average daily dose ADD (2.5E—07 to 0.2)) carcinogenic risks CR (2.1E—06 to 9.9E—04) and the non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient HQ (5.7E—04 to 0.78) which yields the hazard indices HI (0.1 - 0.78), and six trace metal pollution indices;Degree of contamination DC (—13.53 to —11.02), Enrichment factor EF (0.26 - 35.47), Ecological risk factor Er (—29.92 - 7.04), Potential ecological risk index RI (-61.2-43.43), Pollution load index PLI (—0.01 - 0.04) and Geo-accumulation index Igeo (4.8E-09-3.0). From health risk indices and pollution evaluation indices on trace metals, the groundwater in Akwa-Mundemba area is safe for drinking. The enrichment factors show that the sources of the trace metals are from geogenic and anthropogenic processes. Arsenic, Lead and Vanadium are enriched although they are below the hazard risk values;this shows they have pollution potential that could be attributed to weathering and agricultural wastes. The severity of metal toxicity is governed by several factors, such as dose, nutrition, age, and even life style. Therefore, these low trends might not guarantee the complete absence of human health risks. Generally, from risk assessment on trace metals using risk indices in the analyzed groundwater samples might not cause any health risk. However, due to an increasing level of environmental pollution that might be imposed by increasing human activity in this area, ground

关键词： Trace-Metals Pollution Indices Hazard Indices Bakassi-Peninsular Rio-del-Rey Cameroun

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Agro-Economic Implications of Combined Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Maize

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第7期11卷 638-652页

作者： Ngoran Eveline Banye tabi oben Fritz Nguetsop Victor François Research Unit of Applied Botany Faculty of Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Research Unit of Soil Analysis and Environmental Chemistry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Continuous cultivation without adequate fertilizer application is responsible for plant nutrient depletion and yield decline of major food crops in sub-Saharan Africa. Field experiments were conducted on umbric Cambisol in Babungo and ustic Oxisol in Bansoa in the Western Highlands of Cameroon over two years to evaluate the effects of combined application of leaf biomass of agroforestry species and mineral fertilizers with their economic returns on maize yield performance. Ten treatments encompassing sole mineral fertilizer, sole leaf biomass of Calliandra, Leucaena, Acacia and Cassia, leaf biomasses combined with mineral fertilizer and absolute control were laid in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Data collected on maize grain yield was subjected to analysis of variance using XLSTAT version 2014 statistical software. In addition, an economic analysis was performed to evaluate the profitability of the different treatment combinations. The results showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) amongst the different treatments on maize yield on both soil types. The highest maize yields which stood at 5.93 t/ha and 6.01 t/ha were recorded in plots treated with Acacia and Cassia plus half recommended mineral fertilizer on umbric Cambisol and ust

关键词： Benefit Cost Ratio Economic Analysis Maize Yield Net Benefit Profitability

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Botanicals, as a Sustainable Agroecological Alternative to Synthetic Pesticide for Controlling Leaf Miner (Pinworm) and Fusarium Wilt Disease of tomato

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 1022-1037页

作者： tom tabi oben Doris Besem Arrey George Teboh Mbah David Tavi Agbor Eneke Esoeyang Tambe Bechem Egbe Enow Andrew Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Plant Science Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Faculty of Agriculture Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun Turkey

tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill) is a staple fruit vegetable widely grown worldwide for its rich nutrients including vitamins, minerals and proteins. In spite of its importance, yield and fruit quality in Buea, Cameroon is quite low compared to other countries. Pests and diseases are responsible for these limitations. Those of high importance are pinworm (Tatu absoluta) and Fusarium wilt respectively. Synthetic chemicals have been used to manage this pest/disease on tomato but this has not been very successful because of high cost and unavailability of these chemicals. Botanicals are known to have anti-microbial properties. 10% Leeks and marigold extracts were applied to tomato plants one week after planting. Five treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block. They include a control, a synthetic insecticide, leeks extract, marigold extract, and leeks/marigold extracts. Growth and yield parameters were evaluated and data obtained was analysed by descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Results showed that more tomato plant leaves were recorded in the leeks + marigold treatment (54) which differed significantly (P = 0.05) from the control (45). More fruits were harvested in the leeks + marigold treatment (32) which differed significantly (P = 0.05) from the control (18). Pinworm numbers were significantly higher in control (6) (P = 0.05) than the other treatments. Numerous leaf damage was observed in control (20) which differed significantly (P = 0.05) across treatments. More fruit damage was seen in control (14) and differed significantly (P = 0.05) from the other treatments. The least disease incidence was noted in Leeks + Marigold treatment (27.5%), and the most in control (72.5%) which differed significantly (P = 0.05) across treatments. Fusarium oxysporium and Fusarium semitectum were identified. There was a significant difference in pathogen number in control compared to other treatments. Thus leeks and marigold extract increased yield of tomat

关键词： Leeks Marigold Disease Incidence Fungal Pathogens

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Local Scale Edaphic Surveys in and out of a <i>Pericopsis elata</i>(Harms) Meeuwen Natural Forest Stand in East Cameroon

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2018年第1期8卷 1-15页

作者： Georges Kogge Kome Adalbert Adibime Onana Mamouda Ngoucheme Fritz oben tabi Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

One of the problems limiting high survival rates of Pericopsis elata (afrormosia, assamela), a high value timber species, is lack of data on its pedological requirements. A study was conducted in the East Region of Cameroon to identify possible soil properties favoring its spatial distribution. Two test areas, in and out of a Pericopsis elata natural forest stand were identified and in each sampling units of 50 × 50 m delineated. Thirty eight and sixteen quadrats in and out of the stands were respectively sampled for soil physico-chemical properties, number of stems and diameter at breast height. Soil samples in each quadrat were analyzed following standard laboratory procedures. Soil properties were tested for normality and compared for the two sites using Student’s t-test. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis were performed on tree and soil data to identify soil factors responsible for spatial distribution. From our findings, key soil indicators favouring Pericopsis elata distribution appear to be acidity (soil pH and exchangeable acidity), base status (base saturation and exchangeable bases) and texture (clay content). More specifically, optimal soil conditions for growth and survival of Pericopsis elata are: pH (4.1 - 5.0), exchangeable acidity (·kg-1), base saturation (6.2% - 17.8%), and clay content (24.0% - 49.0%), which should be considered in site selection for reforestation with Pericopsis elata.

关键词： Assamela Afrormosia Soil Properties Rainforest Cameroon

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